Download Countable Nouns

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PREPARATORIA
CLAVE 06823
CICLO ESCOLAR 2012-2013
SIMPLE PRESENT
FORM
[VERB] + s/es in third person
Examples:
 You speak English.
 Do you speak English?
 You do not speak English.
Complete List of Simple Present Forms
USE 1 Repeated Actions
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a
habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be
something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:
 I play tennis.
 She does not play tennis.
 Does he play tennis?
 The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
 The train does not leave at 9 AM.
 When does the train usually leave?
 She always forgets her purse.
 He never forgets his wallet.
 Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
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USE 1 Now
Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening
now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.
Examples:
 You are learning English now.
 You are not swimming now.
 Are you sleeping?
 I am sitting.
 I am not standing.
 Is he sitting or standing?
 They are reading their books.
 They are not watching television.
 What are you doing?
 Why aren't you doing your homework?
SIMPLE PAST
FORM
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
Examples:
 You called Debbie.
 Did you call Debbie?
 You did not call Debbie.
Complete List of Simple Past Forms
USE 1 Completed Action in the Past
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Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the
past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one
specific time in mind.
Examples:
 I saw a movie yesterday.
 I didn't see a play yesterday.
 Last year, I traveled to Japan.
 Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
 Did you have dinner last night?
 She washed her car.
 He didn't wash his car.
SIMPLE FUTURE
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms
can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These
different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will
become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.
FORM Will
[will + verb]
Examples:
 You will help him later.
 Will you help him later?
 You will not help him later.
FORM Be Going To
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[am/is/are + going to + verb]
Examples:
 You are going to meet Jane tonight.
 Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
 You are not going to meet Jane tonight.
Complete List of Simple Future Forms
USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the
speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint
or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do
something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do
something.
Examples:
 I will send you the information when I get it.
 I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
 Will you help me move this heavy table?
 Will you make dinner?
 I will not do your homework for you.
 I won't do all the housework myself!
 A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
 A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
 A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.
Countable Nouns
Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We
can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:
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




dog, cat, animal, man, person
bottle, box, litre
coin, note, dollar
cup, plate, fork
table, chair, suitcase, bag
Countable nouns can be singular or plural:


My dog is playing.
My dogs are hungry.
We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns:

A dog is an animal.
When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it:


I want an orange. (not I want orange.)
Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?)
When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:


I like oranges.
Bottles can break.
We can use some and any with countable nouns:


I've got some dollars.
Have you got any pens?
We can use a few and many with countable nouns:


I've got a few dollars.
I haven't got many pens.
Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate elements. We
cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres
of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:


music, art, love, happiness
advice, information, news
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



furniture, luggage
rice, sugar, butter, water
electricity, gas, power
money, currency
We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:


This news is very important.
Your luggage looks heavy.
We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say "an
information" or "a music". But we can say a something of:



a piece of news
a bottle of water
a grain of rice
We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:


I've got some money.
Have you got any rice?
We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:


I've got a little money.
I haven't got much rice
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE.
The prepositions at, on, and in
We use at to show a specific place or position.
For example:
Someone is at the door.
They are waiting at the bus stop.
I used to live at 51 Portland Street.
We use on to show position on a horizontal or vertical surface.
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For example:
The cat sat on the mat.
The satellite dish is on the roof.
We also use on to show position on streets, roads, etc.
For example:
I used to live on Portland Street.
We use in to show that something is enclosed or surrounded.
For example:
The dog is in the garden.
She is in a taxi.
Put it in the box.
We also use in to show position within land-areas (towns, counties, states, countries, and continents).
For example:
I used to live in Nottingham.
Prepositions of Place
after
She slammed the door
after
her.
They ran
after
the thief.
among
I enjoy being
among
my friends.
I found my handbag
among
my luggage.
at
The secretary was sitting
at
her desk.
The man was standing
at
the taxi stand.
behind
The car park is
behind
the building.
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He never won a race, he was always
behind
the others.
between
The prisoner sat
between
the two policemen.
I held the pen
between
my thumb and fingers.
The pen was
in
the drawer.
He lives
in
South Africa.
in
in front of
The teacher stands
in front of
the class.
The car was parked
in front of
the garage.
next to / beside / by
In my English lesson I always sit
The bank is
next to/
beside/by
next to/
beside/by
my friend.
the hotel.
on
The painting was hanging
on
the wall.
The boy was sitting
on
the chair.
over/above
The sign hanging
over/above
I put the tablecoth
over
I enjoy watching the planes fly
above
the door read 'No smoking'.
the table.
me.
under / below
The temperature outside was under/below 0.
The woman was sheltering
under
a tree.
When flying I enjoy watching the clouds
below
me.
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WH-QUESTIONS
Wh- Questions allow a speaker to find out more information about topics. They are as follows:
When?
Time
Where?
Place
Who?
Person
Why?
Reason
How?
Manner
What?
Object/Idea/Action
Which (one)?
Choice of alternatives
Whose?
Possession
Whom?
Person (objective formal)
How much?
Price, amount (non-count)
How many?
Quantity (count)
How long?
Duration
How often?
Frequency
How far?
Distance
What kind (of)?
Description
POSSESSIVE NOUNS
When we want to show that something belongs to somebody or something, we
usually add 's to a singular noun and an apostrophe ' to a plural noun, for
example:


the boy's ball (one boy)
the boys' ball (two or more boys)
We very often use possessive 's with names:




This is Mary's car.
Where is Ram's telephone?
Who took Anthony's pen?
I like Tara's hair.
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When a name ends in s, we usually treat it like any other singular noun, and
add 's:

This is Charles's chair.
But it is possible (especially with older, classical names) to just add the
apostrophe ':

Who was Jesus' father?
Irregular Plurals
Some nouns have irregular plural forms without s (man > men). To show
possession, we usually add 'sto the plural form of these nouns:
singular noun
plural noun
my child's dog
my children's dog
the man's work
the men's work
the mouse's cage
the mice's cage
a person's clothes people's clothes
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
Henry washed his car last weekend.
My puppy is learning some tricks.
Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
Her project is good, but mine is awesome.
We gave them our telephone number and they gave us theirs.
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