Download Wealth Gap - Sewanhaka Central High School District

ELMONT MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
NAME________________
DATE_________ PERIOD__
1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1. Environmental Science is __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. It is a broad, interdisciplinary science that includes science, math and social
studies.
3. Environmental science recognizes that very few ecosystems are not impacted
by humans. We share the same resources, use energy, and undergo changes
as the environment changes.
4. Environmental Introduction
 These symbols represent aspects of society. Sustainable societies seek to
manage growth of the economy, population and resources.
 Sustainability is _______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Sustainable yield is _____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Exponential human population growth is at the center of all
environmental concerns.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE COURSE ARE BUILT AROUND THESE THEMES
1. Science is a constantly changing process used to learn about the world.
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4. ____________ and ______________________ has affected natural systems.
5. Environmental problems have social, cultural, political, economic and ethical
implications.
6. _______________________________________________________________
1.2 WEALTH GAP
1. The Wealth Gap is _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. The U.S., Japan, and Germany produce more than half of the world’s
economic wealth
4. GNP - __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. GDP - __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
6. Per capita, the _________________ and __________ are the richest nations.
________________ and ____________________ are the poorest, per capita.
7. Developed countries have 1.2 billion people. This is 21% of world’s
population, but they use 88% of all natural resources and generate 75% of
the pollution.
8. World Growth Rate
 is 1.55%, producing _____________ babies / hr.
 In one year, enough babies are born to fill a city the size of Los Angeles.
9. Out of 6 billion people, _____ live in luxury, _____ have a meager existence,
and _____ are starving.
10.
At least _________________ are permanently homeless
11.
Developing countries
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 ____________________________________________________________
12.
Earth’s capital is grouped into:
 Renewable resources, such as ____________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Nonrenewable resources, such as _________________________________
____________________________________________________________
13.
Some minerals can be recycled – after melting, shredding, etc.
14.
__________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
15.
Sustainability is a relative term. “Every civilization that has ever existed
has ultimately collapsed.” – Dr. Henry Kissinger
1.3 POLLUTION OVERVIEW
1. Pollution
 ____________________________________________________________
 ____________________________________________________________
2. The severity of pollution depends on its:





3. Biomagnification
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 As ______________ increases so does ____________.
 They are directly proportional.
4. Regulators and legislators at all levels must choose how to get the desired
behavior.
5. All behaviors are maintained, changed or shaped by the consequences of
that behavior.
6. Regulatory legislators and other officials at all levels basically have 4 choices:
 ____________________________________
 ____________________________________
 ____________________________________
 ____________________________________
7. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
 was first established in _________.
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 basically to set the rules of environmental behavior.
8. Carrot vs. the Stick
 Carrot Approach - _____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Stick Approach - ______________________________________________
9. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
10.
Best Management Practices (BMP) are a set of strategies for industry,
business, agriculture, and the government to act smarter and operate more
efficiently.
11.
Pollution in Poland
 ____________________________________________________________
 Air pollution is _____ times the legal limit.
 The Soviet Union used Poland as their ________________________ and
as a resource bank for many years without any thought for its protection.
1.4 TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS
1. Garrett Hardin’s “Tragedy of the Commons” (1968).
2. In his famous essay, he reviews the tragedy of “fouling our nest.” The
problem is not new:
3. Aristotle Politics, Book II, Chapter 3 (circa 350 B.C.)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. H. Scott Gordon (1954) “Everybody’s property is nobody’s property. Wealth
that is free for all is valued by none because he who is foolhardy enough to
wait for its proper time of use will only find that it has been taken by
another.”
1.5 HISTORY OF THE CONSERVATION MOVEMENT
1. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. Thoreau & The Environment
 In the mid 1800s, Thoreau urged preservation and became a father of the
environmental movement.
 “In wildness is the preservation of the world.. from the forest and
wilderness come the tonics and barks which brace mankind”
 Epidemics from overcrowding, hazardous working conditions, and waterrelated infections such as cholera, typhoid fever killed thousands.
3. President ________________________________ term of office (1901-1909)
became the “Golden Age of Conservation”.
4. 1872 Yellowstone National Park established
5. 1892 Sierra Club founded by ___________________, who is also considered
a father of environmentalism
6. 1902 Pelican Island, FL - first federal wildlife refuge
7. 1905 - U.S. Forest Service under Gifford Pinchot
8. 1905 - _________________________________________________________
9. 1920 - Aldo Leopold founded game management, later wrote ____________
_________________________
10.
1962 - Rachel Carson’s book ___________________ began the modern
environmental movement.
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 The pesticide industry mounted a huge campaign to discredit her. She
died of cancer before her book was released without knowing the
tremendous impact she would have.
11.
In __________________, 300 people died from an air inversion; foam
began to appear in rivers from detergents.
12.
The _______________________ in Cleveland, Ohio caught fire and
burned for 8 days!
13.
________________ was officially closed to fishing and swimming.
14.
___________ was killing birds and a half dozen other species were near
extinction.
15.
__________________________ was the first Earth Day, founded by
Senator Gaylord Nelson
16.
The 1970’s became known as the Environmental Decade.
17.
Hundred of environmental laws have been passed, but too many are
not enforced