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APES Study Guide Unit 1 --Introduction to Environmental Science This first unit acquaints you with environmental science and introduces theory, philosophy, history, and terminology that will be used the entire course. Text: Ch. 1, 2 of Living in the Environment, 15th ed., Miller Other resources that may be useful include Wickipedia and hippocampus.org Questions Answer in your notebook. Use complete sentences. 1. What is exponential and linear growth? Draw example graphs of each. 2. What is the rule of 70? Calculate the doubling times for four countries whose population growth rates are 3.5%, 5%, 1.5%, and 7%. Show your calculations. 3. Give a short description of the Tragedy of the Commons. 4. What is economic depletion of a resource? 5. What are the five reasonable choices left to us when a resource is economically depleted. 6. Describe and give examples of point source and nonpoint pollution. 7. Give the three factors that determine how severe a pollutantʼs effects may be. . 8. Describe and name the two basic approaches to dealing with pollution. 9. Describe Ehrlich and Holdrenʼs PAT = I equation. What does each symbol represent? 10. What was the tragedy on Easter Island and what was its cause? 11. Compare and contrast scientific hypothesis and scientific theory. What has a stronger likelihood of being true and why? 12. Give an example of accuracy and precision that are not in the reading. 13. What is meant by saying that scientists are building a global climate model? For what general purpose is the model being built? 14. What is homeostasis? Come up with an example that is not in the immediate reading. Vocabulary -- Define in your vocabulary notebook in the technique shown in class or on flash cards in your own handwriting. Use format shown in class. exponential growth environment ecology environmental science solar capital linear growth exponential growth doubling time rule of 70 gross national product (GNP) gross domestic product (GDP) per capita GNP developed (more developed) nation MDC developing (less developed) nation LDC ecological footprint economic resource perpetual resource renewable resource nonrenewable resource Tragedy of the Commons sustainable yield environmental degradation recycling reuse pollution point source nonpoint source hunter-gatherers agricultural revolution slash-and-burn-cultivation scientific hypothesis model scientific theory accuracy precision scientific method controlled experiment inductive reasoning deductive reasoning frontier science consensus feedback loop homeostasis synergy