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Name: __________________________________________ Date: _________________________ Infectious Disease Lab Background Information: Infectious diseases occur when some type of pathogen enters your body and disrupts homeostasis by damaging cells in certain tissues. These diseases can be passed on from organism to another. Occasionally this occurs through animal bites, contaminated object, or from the environment. Most commonly these infectious diseases are passed from person to person. This can occur from indirect contact, where you do not physically touch the other person, or direct contact. Germs can be passed on in a sneeze or a hand shake. When you have an infectious disease many times your bodily fluids carry the pathogens. Therefore, if you r bodily fluids mix with someone else’s, the disease has been transmitted. For this lab we will be using acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) as an example of an infectious disease. AIDS was the number one cause of death for people between the ages of 25 – 44 in 1995. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This virus attacks a person’s immune system leaving them vulnerable to infections and other diseases. The symptoms of AIDS are usually the symptoms caused by having some other sort of disease, not from HIV itself. AIDS is an example of an infectious disease that is passed on through the exchange of bodily fluids. HIV has been found in saliva, tears, nervous system tissue and spinal fluid, blood, semen (including pre-seminal fluid, which is the liquid that comes out before ejaculation), vaginal fluid, and breast milk. However, only blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk generally transmit infection to others. There is currently no cure for AIDS. There are different treatment options, however. The most successful option is antiretroviral therapy. This therapy suppresses the virus’s ability to replicate. This means there are less virus particles in the blood, doing less damage to the immune system. The best way to avoid this is to avoid behaviors that will put you at risk for contracting AIDS. People at a higher risk of contracting AIDS might be people who received blood transfusions before 1985, babies born to mothers who did not receive HIV therapy, sharing needles, or having unprotected sex with unsafe partners. This is a diagram of what the human immunodeficiency virus would look like under an electron microscope. Procedure: Every student will receive a cup containing simulated bodily fluid. Each cup can be identified by the letter on the bottom. This is your name for the purposes of this lab. Only one of these cups of bodily fluids will be infected with HIV. (Don’t worry it’s not really HIV). Every student will also receive a card with a number on it. This number is the number of people you will exchange bodily fluids with. When it is time you will exchange bodily fluids with the number of people on your card. o To exchange bodily fluids you suck some of your bodily fluids into your pipette and squeeze it into the other person’s cup. o They then have to suck up some of their bodily fluids into the pipette and squeeze that back into your cup. Record the letters of each person you exchanged within the chart below. These letters must be written in the same order that your exchanges occurred in. When finished write your data on the board and copy the class results in your class data table. The teacher will come around and squeeze some AIDS indicator solution into your cup. o If the fluids turn pink or red, you have tested positive for HIV. o If the fluids do not change color, you are negative for HIV. Now, look back at the data your collected and try to figure out who started with AIDS and gave it to the rest of the class. Hypothesis: __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ You have Cup Letter: _________________ You will exchange with: _________ people Data Table: Order of Exchange Person Fluids were Exchanged With Total Number of Participants: _______________ Number of HIV Positive: ____________________ Percent of People who Contracted HIV: ___________ 1 2 3 4 5 Risk Factor Number of People with AIDS Class Data Table: Initial Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1st Exchange 2nd Exchange 3rd Exchange 4th Exchange 5th Exchange 6th Exchange Post Lab Questions: 1. Who do you think patient zero was? Why do you think this? ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How do you think your number was related to your chances for contracting HIV? __________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Was your hypothesis close? Explain. ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What might make this lab different from how diseases are spread in reality? ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why is it difficult to track a disease to its source (the first person to have it)? ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Explain what a virus is and why it is harmful. _______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Is AIDS an autoimmune disease? Explain. _________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. AIDS is caused by a virus. What other organisms can cause infectious diseases? ___________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________