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Name _______________________________ Date ________________________________ Period _______________________________ The Path to War Objectives • After this section, we should be able to: – Explain how World War II began, and how its roots lay in the results of World War I Japanese Expansion • • • Japan was dependent on getting natural resources from outside to maintain its industrial power In September of 1931, the Japanese army invaded ______________________, in China China protested the invasion to the _____________________________ – League of Nations conducted an investigation – Place total blame on Japan; ordered the Japanese government to return Manchuria Chinese Responses • • • Japan withdrew from the League when ordered to return Manchuria – The League did nothing in response, and revealed it to be powerless; Italy and Germany felt encouraged Japan invaded other parts of China in order to seize ____________________________, so they could invade the oil-rich areas of the East Indies The nationalist government under _____________________________ retreated inland – Nationalists, communists, and the Japanese all struggled for control of China Italian Expansionism • • • • • In 1934, Italian and Ethiopian forces clashed in a disputed zone on the border of Ethiopia and Italian _________________________________ – League of Nations: Nobody’s fault October, 1935 – Mussolini ordered Italian forces to invade Ethiopia Ethiopian president _______________________________________ appealed to the League of Nations for help The League of Nations imposed sanctions on Italy – However, members could still trade _________, ___________, and ___________ to Italy – vital war materiel Despite the sanctions, Italy was able to take over Ethiopia Version: 5/23/2011 8:06:00 AM The Spanish Civil War • • • In Spain, King Alfonso abdicated in 1930 – a republic was set up Many right wing groups were opposed to the reforms of the republican government, and wanted to restore the old ways Spanish Nationalists (__________________________) under ______________________________ started a revolt against the Loyalist (republican) government and battled for control of Spain An International Conflict • • • Many foreign nations intervened in this war – ___________________________ – backed the Loyalists – _______________ and _______________________ – supported the Nationalists – Many volunteers from Britain, France, and the U.S. came to support that Loyalists, as well Hitler and _______________________________ saw this war as an opportunity to support fascism in Europe and to test new weapons and tactics – German air force participated in the war by bombing Spanish towns and cities Franco defeated the Loyalist forces and set up a fascist government in Italy, but didn’t ally with Hitler or Mussolini German Expansionism • • • Hitler had said that the German people needed _________________________________, or living space Since 1935, the Nazi government had been re-arming Germany, in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles – League of Nations gave a _________________________________ Encouraged by the League of Nation’s apparent timidity, Hitler decided to start expanding The Rhineland and Austria • • • • First, Hitler sent troops into the _______________________________, an area bordering France which served as a buffer to a German invasion of France – France could have declared war, and Britain would have had to back them, but they did not Hitler turned to ______________________________ – Austria’s prime minister resisted unification Hitler’s troops invaded Austria in 1938 and Hitler proclaimed an anschluss, or linking of the two nations Hitler insisted he was promoting ____________________________ in central Europe The Axis Powers • • • In October of 1936, Hitler and Mussolini agreed to the ___________________________ Later, both nations joined with Japan in the Comintern Pact, which was an alliance against Soviet communism Josef Stalin viewed this as a direct threat to the Soviet Union – He urged the ________________________________ to unite against Hitler Version: 5/23/2011 8:06:00 AM – The western democracies wanted to avoid a war, and distrusted Stalin, so they didn’t Czechoslovakia • • • Since World War I, Czechoslovakia had been prosperous and democratic – Was created by the Treaty of Versailles – Had alliances with ________________ and ______________________ The country had many different ethnic groups that didn’t always get along Hitler would take advantage of these divisions to take over Czechoslovakia The Sudeten Crisis • • • On September 12, 1938, Hitler demanded that Germans in the Sudetenland, in Czechoslovakia, be given the right to self-determination Czechoslovakia responded by declaring _______________________ To avoid a crisis, Prime Minister _________________________________ of Great Britain asked for a meeting with Hitler Appeasement at Munich • • • • • At the meeting, Hitler demanded that the Sudetenland become part of Germany so that the Sudeten Germans there could be protected Chamberlain adopted a policy of __________________________, which sought to give small concessions in order to avoid war Hitler also promised to respect the ____________________________ of Czechoslovakia Chamberlain supported the eventual _________________________________, which granted the Sudetenland to Germany Chamberlain felt that he’d won a victory for peace Continued Aggression • • • • Germany quickly broke the Munich agreement by invading Czechoslovakia in March of 1939 Hitler forced ___________________________ to give up the German-speaking town of Memel Next, he demanded the _______________________ and the city of ________________ from Poland Poland refused to hand these over to Germany, and France and Britain promised to back Poland Stalin’s Distrust • • • Stalin suspected that the Munich agreement was an attempt by the western democracies to turn Hitler’s attention away from them, and toward the Soviet Union Chamberlain didn’t trust Stalin The western democracies seemed unable to decided who was the bigger threat – ________________ or _____________________________ Version: 5/23/2011 8:06:00 AM Soviet-West Relations • • • Chamberlain did ask Stalin to join Britain and France in an ____________________ against Nazism Stalin agreed, but only if the western democracies would allow Stalin to occupy a large part of eastern Europe – Chamberlain refused Stalin suspected, even more, that the West wanted to see Germany and the Soviet Union fight each other Non-Aggression Pact • • • Stalin knew that Hitler’s _______________________________ would lead to him taking land near the Soviet Union He began talks with Germany to avoid this war, or at least put it off August 23, 1939 – the Soviet Union and Germany signed the __________________________________________________________________ – Would never attack each other – Each would remain neutral if the other was involved in a war – Spheres of influence for each nation An Unholy Alliance • • • Both leaders knew that this was a short-term agreement to achieve their immediate aims Stalin thought war with Germany was inevitable – If nothing else, it would buy time for the Soviet Union to prepare to fight Germany Western leaders were shocked by the agreement – an unholy alliance World War II Begins • • • • Hitler believed that the western democracies would back down if he invaded ______________________________ September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland and won a quick victory Great Britain and France declared war on Germany World War II had begun Version: 5/23/2011 8:06:00 AM