Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Biology 20 - Ch. 5 - The Cell Notes Introduction • In 1665, an English scientist named Robert Hooke made an improved microscope and viewed thin slices of _____________________________ _______________________________________________________ • Hooke named what he saw _______________________ • Anton van Leeuwenhoek first to ________________________ in samples of pond water and human blood. • In the 1830’s, ___________________ (botanist studying plants) & ______________________ (zoologist studying animals) stated that ________________________________________________________. • In 1855, ______________________ stated that _____________________ ___________________________________________________________ • Virchow’s idea contradicted the idea of _____________________ (idea that nonliving things could give rise to organisms) • The combined work of Schleiden, Schwann, & Virchow is known as the _________________________. Cell Theory (Pg. 78) • ___________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________ There are two basic cell types: ______________________: • ____________________________________________. • Include ____________________________________ ____________________________: • Present in all living things. • _____________________________________ • Cells are the basic units of organisms – Cells can only be observed under microscope • Two basic types of eukaryotic cells: • ______________________ & ________________________ Parts of the Cell Plant Cell Cell wall • Made of _____________________which forms very thin fibres 1 Biology 20 - Ch. 5 - The Cell Notes • Strong and rigid • In plant cells only •_______________________ the interior of the cell. •Resist entry of _________________ into the cell •Gives shape to the cell •A dead layer •Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibres freely permeable Cell Membrane •Also called the ___________________________. •Lies immediately against the ___________________ •Found in ______________________ cells •A living layer •Can control the movement of materials into and out of the cell Cytoplasm •_________________________ enclosed by cell membrane •Provide __________________________________ to take place •Found in all cells •Contains organelles and granules: e.g. chloroplasts & mitochondria. Organelles Very small size – some can only be observed under an electron microscope All organelles have specific functions. Found in the cytoplasm Chloroplast •Only in plant cells. •Contain the green pigment __________________________ •Main function is to ______________________, to make food by ________________________. •Contain ____________________ (products of ____________________) Mitochondrion (mitochondria) •Rod shape •Found in plant & animal cells •For _____________________________ •_________________________________________ have more mitochondria Non-living Granules Starch granules, oil droplets, & crystals of insoluble wastes 2 Biology 20 - Ch. 5 - The Cell Notes Vacuole •___________________________ in plant cells. •Contains ______________________ •a solution of chemicals (sugars, proteins, mineral salts, wastes, pigments) •In animal cells it is generally small and surrounds engulfed food particles. Nucleus Control the normal activities of the cell Bounded by a ___________________________ Contains the ______________________________________. Nucleolus Contains a large amount of ______________________. Not bound by a _____________________ Nuclear Pore Allows large molecules to move in and out of the nucleus The Animal Cell •_________________________________ •Stores ___________ granules and _____________ in the cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) •Found in ________________________ cells •__________________________ in cell •___________________________ types •Rough E.R. have _____________________ attached to the outside. Ribosomes •Found in plant & animal cells. •Sites of __________________________________. •Found on _________________________________. Golgi Apparatus • Found in plant & animal cells. • Serve as ____________________________________________ for products released by the cell. • Organelle of ________________ – transports products made by the cell to be released outside the cell. Microtubules • Form the ___________________________ • Found in plant & animal cells. • Gives cells _____________________________________. 3 Biology 20 - Ch. 5 - The Cell Notes • Found in centrioles, cilia, & flagella. • Composed of ______________________. Lysosomes • Small saclike structures that contain _______________________. • Found in most animal cells and rarely in plant cells. Centrioles • Located near the ___________________ in animal cells. • They are arranged in a pair on either side of the nucleus. • Each centriole is ____________________ consisting of a ring of ___________________________. • They are involved in ____________________ in animal cells. An excellent cell tutorial can be found at: http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp04/0402001.html Similarities between plant cells and animal cells 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal Cell Plant Cell 4