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Ocea/Biol 142/242 Winter 2008 Study Sheet for Second Midterm The Microbial Loop Terms: bacteria, viruses, DOM, POM, DOC, refractory, labile, sloppy feeding, detritus, archaea, mixotrophic, heterotrophic, eubacteria, chemisythesis, oligiotrophic, eutrophic, protozoa, ciliates, microbial loop, transfer efficiency, bottom up, top down Abundance of bacteria in the ocean (in terms of cells/ml and percent of photosynthesis) Importance of bacteria in the ocean Source of DOM to the ocean Bacterial movement Organic carbon users Abundance of viruses in the ocean Importance of viruses in the ocean Be able to draw the simple microbial loop Viruses vs. grazers as a loss of bacteria Be able to draw a graph with “bottom up” and “top down” control (biomass phyto on the yaxis, seasons on the x-axis) – and describe what is happening each season Bottom up vs. Top down control Phytoplankton Production Important terms: steady state, redfield ratio, ecological efficiency, trophic transfer efficiency, oligotrophic, eutrophic, critical depth, compensation depth, “fecal express”, euphotic zone, nitrification, Q10, Be able to discuss why diatom blooms occur Compare Oligotrophic vs. Eutrophic zones (plankton population, nutrient levels, etc.) Discuss how the compensation depth in relation to the critical depth affects - be able to draw a graph explaining compensation depth phytoplankton growth Be able to draw a simple nutrient depth profile Compare upwelling vs. oligotrophic areas Be able to draw changes in phytoplankton biomass - a graph with “bottom up” and “top down” control (biomass phyto on the y-axis, seasons on the x-axis) – and describe what is happening each season Bottom up vs. Top down control Fisheries Production Important terms: Ryther model, bycatch, pirate fishing, “white van,” eutrophication, maximum sustainable yield, “fishing down the food chain” , gyres, open ocean, upwelling, coastal, steady state, transfer efficiency, industrial market, aquaculture Ryther model: briefly describe the three productivity zones (percent of ocean, number of trophic levels, nutrient levels, relative productiveness) Why are upwelling zones so productive in terms of phytoplankton? Describe the three reasons why upwelling zones have lower total plant production, but the highest fish production (size of phytoplankton, number of trophic levels, food capture efficiency) What factors are not taken into account in the Ryther model? What are the main uses of the logged marine fish catch? What makes up the un-logged marine fish catch? Discuss 5 complications of fishing (destruction of habitat, eutrophication, pollution, demographic changes, technology) Discuss the negative side effects of the increase in aquaculture Be able to draw and discuss the graph of catch (lbs/area) vs. fishing effort Know what fishing gear is used (nets, longline, trolling, etc) Reasons why FAO report is inaccurate *Note: This study guide doesn’t include the lecture on Tuesday 2/19 that will be covered on the midterm. Papers that are up on the website are also fair game for the test, please read them!