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Name ___________________________________________________________ Period _______Date ______________ Unit 10: Populations and Human Ecology STUDY GUIDE You can write on this sheet or on another sheet of paper. FILL IN THE FOLLOWING BLANKS WITH THE PROPER DEFINITION and/or DESCRIPTION: Populations can be described in terms of three things: 1. Population size = ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Population density = _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Population dispersion =___________________________________________________________________________ 4. The 3 types of dispersion are (provide definition & example): a. Random = _______________________________________________________________________________ i. Benefit is _________________________________________________________________________ b. Uniform = _______________________________________________________________________________ i. Benefit is to reduce _________________________________________________________________ c. Clumped = ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Growth rate = __________________________________________________________________________________ a. Occurs when new individuals are added by ___________________ or ____________________________ Or when individuals are lost due to __________________________ or ___________________________ 6. The two kinds of population growth are: a. ___________________________________________________________ growth; __________-shaped i. Defined as: ____________________________________________________________________ ii. Occurs when there’s plenty of resources, little competition and predation b. ___________________________________________________________ growth; ___________- shaped iii. Defined as: ____________________________________________________________________ iv. Occurs when the population levels off at carrying capacity 7. Carrying capacity = ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Factors that limit population growth are: a. _________________________________________________________________ factors (related to pop size) Examples: ____________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________ factors (control pop regardless of size) Examples: ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. Reproductive potential = _______________________________________________________________________ a. High reproductive potential is seen in organisms like: _________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. There are 2 kinds of organisms with respect to population growth: a. r-selected organisms = _____________________________________________________________________ Examples: _____________________________________________________________________ b. K-selected organisms = ____________________________________________________________________ Examples: _____________________________________________________________________ 11. r-selected organisms tend to mature __________________________________________________ (rapidly or slowly), have _________________________________ (many or few) offspring, and are opportunistic (invade new areas). 12. K-selected organisms tend to mature __________________________________________________ (rapidly or slowly), have _________________________________ (many or few) offspring, and care for their young. TURN OVER 13. Many r-selected organisms are ___________________ species (what we call invaders), while many K-selected organisms are _______________________________________________________________ (close to extinction). 14. Demography = __________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Developed countries examples:_____________________________________________________________________ a. Have HIGH or LOW birth rate? _________________________________ 16. Developing countries examples: ____________________________________________________________________ a. Have HIGH or LOW birth rate? _____________________ 17. Factors that affect a country’s population growth include: a. Type of _________________________________________________ - the more agricultural, the more children people tend to have b. Status of ________________________________________________ - if given rights to education and work, tend to have fewer children c. Cultural beliefs, like the importance of having ___________________________________ d. Religious beliefs 18. Properties used to predict future population changes: a. Age structure = ___________________________________________________________________________ Developing countries’ age structure diagrams look like __________________________________ Developed countries’ age structure diagrams look like rectangles; more even among age classes b. Fertility rate = ____________________________________________________________________________ c. Migration d. Doubling time = __________________________________________________________________________ 19. What is the Rule of 70? ___________________________________________________________________________ 20. Demographic Transition = _________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ a. Stage 1: pre-industrial/ agricultural economy: HIGH birth rate and HIGH death rate b. Stage 2: population explosion due to scientific & industrial improvements; ___________ birth rate, low death c. Stage 3: Birth rates slow, so growth slows overall d. Stage 4: Growth rate ______________________________________________________________ or declines Current human population ~ 7.5 billion 21. Problems with human population growth include (name at least 5 problems): 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 22. How do governments slow down population growth: ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________