Download Unit I Objectives

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE CONCEPTS
BIO113 2007
Unit 3 Cell Division, Cancer, DNA, Biotechnology
Consult lecture notes, textbook, and list of objectives to prepare for Exam Unit 3
Reading Assignment
UNIT 3
Chapter 8
8.1, 8.2, 8.4, 8.5
Chapter 12
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
12.2 Testing yourself, page 193, #s 3, 12, 13, 23
11.1 (pages 160 - 163), 11.3
12.1 Testing yourself, page 193, #s 1, 2, 14, 15
The review questions are “big picture” questions. The comprehensive information is in your notes
and textbook
1. What are the objectives of cell division (repair, regeneration, replacement, growth and
development, formation of sperm and egg)
2. What is mitosis?
3. What is the cell cycle? How does it differ in rate between skin and brain cells?
4. What are cell cycle check points? How do they function to control mitosis?
5. How much of a cell’s time is spent in mitosis?
6. How do growth factors and growth factor receptors function to promote cell growth?
7. How do tumor suppressors and DNA repair proteins function to control cell growth?
8. Why is cancer considered a "multi-hit" disease, a genetic disease, and a cell cycle disease?
9. What is carcinogenesis? What are the changes exhibited by cancer cells including immortality,
abnormal chromosomes, ability to form tumors, angiogenesis, loss of contact inhibition, cell
membrane changes, loss of apoptosis?.
10. How do the treatments of radiation, chemotherapy, excision compare? What are some of the side
effects of these treatments?
11. What is a cancer vaccine? What types of cancers do these vaccines prevent? What is Gardasil and
how does it relate to cervical cancer? What is the link between HPV and cervical cancer?
12. What types of cancer have a relationship to viral infection?
13. What is the difference between and protooncogene and an oncogene?
14. How can DNA mutations cause cancer? In general, how does DNA mutation relate to a disease
like sickle cell?
15. Define the terms metastasis, malignant and benign with respect to cancer. Describe the process of
metastasis
16. What is the BRCA1 gene ? What type of cell cycle control protein does this gene encode?
17. How can people inherit cancer predisposition? What is a predisposition gene?
18. How does the risk of breast cancer compare in women who have inherited two normal BRCA1
alleles versus those with one abnormal allele (predisposition)?
19. List some of the risk factors for cancer
20. Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells? What does DNA stand for?
21. In what way is DNA the “blueprint for life”?
22. What is the function of DNA?
23. How do identical twins differ from fraternal twins with respect to their DNA?
24. Define the terms: genes, double helix, nucleotide, complementary strand, genome
25. Who are/were Watson and Crick's and Rosalind Franklin?
26. How does the double helix describe the architecture of DNA?
27. How can one determine the complementary strand of DNA given a particular DNA sequence?
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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE CONCEPTS
BIO113 2007
28. What is meant by “gene expression”? What factors determine if a particular gene is expressed?
29. What are some of the body tissue sources routinely used to obtain material for DNA
fingerprinting?
30. What are some of the uses of DNA fingerprinting?
31. How can fragment patterns of DNA sizes on a gel be used to distinguish between individuals as in
a paternity case and in a sexual assault case?
32. What is recombinant DNA? Genetic engineering? Transgenic organism?
33. What are transgenic bacteria? How have these genetically engineered organisms been used in the
production of human growth hormone (gene cloning)? What is human growth hormone used for?
34. What are the disadvantages of using human blood or brain products to treat disease?
35. What are the advantages of producing human drugs in bacteria?
36. What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of genetically modified foods (GM foods)? List
some common foods that have been genetically engineered
37. Why is golden rice controversial? What are the benefits of engineering the vitamin A gene into
rice?
38. How are transgenic goats used to produce human proteins in their milk?
39. List some of the animals that have been cloned (reproductive cloning)
40. How is reproductive cloning accomplished? What are the steps?
41. What is the legality of animal reproductive cloning? Human?
42. What is the difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning?
43. What are embryonic stem cells? From where are they obtained? What are they used for?
44. What is the difference between an embryo and an embryonic stem cell?
45. What types of diseases might be treated with stem cells?
46. What are two problems with organ donation today?
47. Why is umbilical cord blood useful?