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Circulatory System Review Name_____________________ 1. What is an anastomosis? Describe four places in the body where they are found. 7. What are the two major arteries that bring blood to the brain? 2. List ten branches of the aorta. 8. What arteries form the circle of Willis? What structure is inside the circle of Willis? 3. How do the subclavian artery and the common carotid artery differ on the left and right? What is so special about the left brachiocephalic artery? 9. What is the relationship between the vertebral arteries and the basilar artery? 10. What arteries branch off the circle of Willis to carry blood to the brain? 4. What arteries travel up the neck to supply blood to the brain? 11. Why does osmotic pressure draw fluid into the blood? 5. List four sections of the aorta. 6. How are the arteries of the arm similar to the arteries of the leg? 12. Which end of the capillaries loses fluid from the blood? How is it returned to blood? 13. Why does the direction of fluid transfer change as you pass through a capillary? 19. What occurs in the capillaries? 20. Where do the vena cavae end? 14. Define: systolic and diastolic pressure. 21. What does the interventricular septum separate? 15. In which blood vessels is the blood pressure the highest? The lowest? 22. What is the function of an atrium? A ventricle? 16. List the types of blood vessels blood passes through on its round trip from the heart. 23. What is the common term for the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? 17. What is the pulmonary circuit? 24. What tissues does the intrinsic conduction system resemble? 18. Relate the left and right sides of the heart with the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Which one is more powerful? 25. Where are the two nodes of the intrinsic conduction system? Which one starts a beat? 31. Describe the pericardium, epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. 26. How is a stimulus carried through the wall of a ventricle? 32. Describe the function of each of the four heart valves. 27. Describe the oxygenation of blood in the major blood vessels of the body and the four chambers of the heart. 28. What causes blood to flow? 33. What is found left and right of the heart? In front and in back? 29. What prevents blood from flowing the wrong direction? 34. What is the apex of the heart? 30. List four structural differences between arteries and veins. 35. Describe the structure and function of the hepatic portal system. 36. Compare and contrast the hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein. 42. Why does blood pressure fall when you stand? 37. Compare and contrast the hepatic vein and the hepatic portal vein. 43. What will cause the heart stroke volume to fall? To increase? What will cause the heart rate to fall? To increase? 38. Which artery wraps around the heart? 44. What is vasoconstriction? 39. What is the ligamentum arteriosum? The foramen ovale? 40. What is the function of a vascular shunt and the precapillary sphincters in a capillary bed? 41. When and why do precapillary sphincters close? 45. What is cardiac output? 46. Trace the path of a RBC in the left atrium on a complete path through the CV system.