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Social Studies World Geography: Our Physical World Nov. 1, 11 Spheres (p. 42 - 43) The earth can be divided into 4 hemispheres, or “half-spheres”. Definitions: The Northern Hemisphere: N The area from the equator to the North Pole. The Southern Hemisphere: The area from the equator to the South Pole. S The Western Hemisphere: The area from the Prime Meridian west to the International Date Line. The Eastern Hemisphere: W The area from the Prime Meridian east to the International Date Line. E The earth is also made up of 4 spheres that overlap and interact. These are The Atmosphere, The Lithosphere, The Hydrosphere and The Biosphere. Definitions: The Atmosphere: All of the air surrounding the earth. Air includes all gasses. The Lithosphere: All rocks, crust, mantle, core, soil, etc. (solid parts of the earth). The Hydrosphere: Includes all of the water on/in/around the earth liquid and frozen(also called the Cryosphere). The Biosphere: Includes all the living things on earth.