Download WAVES, SOUND, and LIGHT UNIT REVIEW – KEY!!!

Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
___F_ 1. Waves that require a medium through which to pass are called electromagnetic waves.
_________________________
___T_ 2. In transverse waves, the medium moves at right angles to the direction in which the wave is traveling.
_________________________
___F_ 3. The unit associated with amplitude is the hertz. _________________________
___T_ 4. Sound waves travel at different speeds in different mediums. _________________________
__T__ 5. Refraction is a bending that occurs when a wave moves from one medium to another at an angle and
changes speed. _________________________
__F__ 6. Constructive interference occurs when the amplitudes of two waves combine to produce a wave with a
smaller amplitude. _________________________
__F__ 7. Nodes are points on a standing wave where the amplitude of the wave is maximum.
_________________________
__T__ 8. The waves produced by earthquakes are known as seismic waves. _________________________
__F__ 9. Tsunamis are huge ocean secondary waves caused by underwater earthquakes.
_________________________
__F__ 10. A seismograph records the air movements caused by seismic waves. _________________________
__F__ 11. A transparent material absorbs light. _________________________
__F__ 12. A virtual image is formed where light rays meet at a point. _________________________
__F__ 13. A mirage is caused by reflection as light passes through layers of air at different temperatures.
_________________________
__T__ 14. A convex lens is thicker in the center than at its edges. _________________________
__F__ 15. A white carpet will appear red when viewed through a red filter because the filter absorbs red light only.
_________________________
__F__ 16. A secondary color of light is produced by mixing three primary colors together.
_________________________
__F__ 17. To focus light, muscles in the eye change the length and thickness of the retina.
_________________________
__T__ 18. Nearby objects appear blurry to a person who is farsighted. _________________________
__T__ 19. The eyepiece of a telescope or microscope magnifies an image. _________________________
__F__ 20. Light waves that are in step, or have crests aligned with crests, are said to be focused.
_________________________
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
21. Sound is created by
a. the complete back-and-forth motion of objects.
b. air particles slowing down.
c. longitudinal waves.
d. a substance through which sound can move.
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
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22. A substance through which a wave can travel is a
a. longitudinal wave.
c. medium.
b. vibration.
d. rarefaction.
23. Which of the following is NOT a medium?
a. a glass window
c. a metal fork
b. a vacuum
d. the ocean
24. What can a violinist do if one string is producing a sound that is too low?
a. lengthen the string
c. attach the violin to an amplifier
b. shorten the string
d. use a longer bow
25. Which of the following will produce a noise?
a. a car motor
c. a drum
b. a guitar
d. a bass saxophone
26. What produces a noise?
a. a repeating pattern of frequencies
c. a random mix of volumes
b. a repeating pattern of amplitudes
d. a random mix of frequencies
27. The blending of pitches through interference produces an instrument’s
a. sound quality.
c. echoes.
b. amplitude.
d. resonance.
28. The amplitude of a sound’s waves determines the sound’s
a. pitch.
c. resonance.
b. loudness.
d. sound quality.
29. Sounds with frequencies higher than 20,000 Hz
a. result from standing waves.
c. are considered to be noise.
b. create destructive interference.
d. are ultrasonic sounds.
30. The motion of either the listener or the source of a sound causes
a. resonance.
c. the Doppler effect.
b. shock waves.
d. echolocation.
31. The frequency of a sound wave determines
a. the pitch of the sound.
c. the sound quality.
b. the loudness of the sound.
d. the type of interference.
32. Which statement about sound is NOT true?
a. Air particles travel with sound waves.
b. Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum.
c. Sound waves exist even if no one hears them.
d. Air particles vibrate along the path of a sound wave.
33. An echo is most likely to result when sound hits a surface that is
a. bumpy and soft.
c. smooth and hard.
b. smooth and soft.
d. bumpy and hard.
34. The medium through which sound waves travel affects the
a. speed of the sound.
c. the number of waves per second.
b. the amplitude of the waves.
d. the sound quality.
35. A person experiences a sonic boom when
a. a shock wave reaches the ears.
b. an airplane breaks the sound barrier.
c. overtones are created.
d. sound waves overlap by constructive interference.
36. The speed of a sound depends on
a. its source.
c.
b. the force of its compressions.
d.
the number of waves per second.
the medium through which it travels.
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
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37. For a sound wave to produce an echo, it must
a. diffract around a small barrier.
b. reflect off the surface of an object.
c. have an ultrasonic frequency.
d. have a very long wavelength.
38. Which of the following could NOT be considered a percussion instrument?
a. two sticks being knocked together
b. a piece of grass held between the thumbs and blown on
c. wind chimes blowing in the wind
d. an oatmeal container filled with beans and shaken
____ 39. A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place is called a
a. wave.
b. medium.
c. vibration.
d. compression.
____ 40. The material through which a wave travels is called a
a. vibration.
b. medium.
c. crest.
d. trough.
____ 41. Waves are created when a source of energy causes a medium to
a. move.
b. compress.
c. expand.
d. vibrate.
____ 42. Waves are classified according to
a. their size.
b. their shape.
c. how they move.
d. their source.
____ 43. The highest parts of a transverse wave are called
a. troughs.
b. crests.
c. nodes.
d. wavelengths.
____ 44. Waves that move the particles of the medium parallel to the direction in which the waves are traveling are
called
a. longitudinal waves.
b. transverse waves.
c. surface waves.
d. combination waves.
____ 45. Waves on the top of a pond or lake are
a. longitudinal waves.
b. transverse waves.
c. surface waves.
d. standing waves.
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
____ 46. The maximum distance that the particles of a medium move from the rest position is the
a. amplitude of the wave.
b. wavelength of the wave.
c. frequency of the wave.
d. speed of the wave.
____ 47. The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave is the wave’s
a. amplitude.
b. wavelength.
c. frequency.
d. speed.
____ 48. Frequency is measured in units called
a. amps.
b. hertz.
c. nodes.
d. antinodes.
____ 49. The speed of a wave is its wavelength multiplied by its
a. amplitude.
b. vibration.
c. frequency.
d. reflection.
____ 50. Which of the following affects the speed of sound waves traveling through the air?
a. how loud the sound is
b. the air temperature
c. how often the sound is repeated
d. the amplitude of the waves
____ 51. When a wave hits a surface through which it CANNOT pass and bounces back, it undergoes
a. reflection.
b. refraction.
c. constructive interference.
d. destructive interference.
____ 52. The bending of waves due to a change in speed is called
a. reflection.
b. refraction.
c. diffraction.
d. interference.
____ 53. The bending of waves around the edge of a barrier is known as
a. reflection.
b. refraction.
c. diffraction.
d. interference.
____ 54. The interaction between two waves that meet is called
a. reflection.
b. refraction.
c. diffraction.
d. interference.
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
____ 55. Waves combine to make a wave with larger amplitude in a process called
a. destructive interference.
b. constructive interference.
c. reflection.
d. refraction.
____ 56. Waves combine to produce a smaller or zero-amplitude wave in a process called
a. destructive interference.
b. constructive interference.
c. reflection.
d. refraction.
____ 57. When an incoming wave combines with a reflected wave in such a way that the combined wave appears
to be standing still, the result is a
a. longitudinal wave.
b. standing wave.
c. transverse wave.
d. surface wave.
____ 58. What occurs when vibrations traveling through an object match the object’s natural frequency?
a. reflection
b. refraction
c. diffraction
d. resonance
____ 59. What are the highest and lowest points on a standing wave called?
a. nodes
b. antinodes
c. compressions
d. rarefactions
____ 60. Waves produced by earthquakes are called
a. standing waves.
b. transverse waves.
c. seismic waves.
d. longitudinal waves.
____ 61. In which direction(s) do seismic waves travel from their point of origin?
a. north to south only
b. toward the equator only
c. in all directions
d. inward, toward Earth’s core
____ 62. Longitudinal seismic waves are known as
a. primary waves.
b. secondary waves.
c. surface waves.
d. transverse waves.
____ 63. Secondary waves CANNOT travel through
a. rock.
b. liquids.
c. Earth’s mantle.
d. Earth’s crust.
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
____ 64. Scientists on the side of Earth opposite the epicenter of an earthquake detect mainly
a. P waves.
b. S waves.
c. transverse waves.
d. surface waves.
____ 65. Which type of wave caused by an earthquake does the most above-ground damage?
a. surface waves
b. P waves
c. S waves
d. longitudinal waves
____ 66. An earthquake that occurs underwater can cause huge surface waves on the ocean called
a. P waves.
b. S waves.
c. transverse waves.
d. tsunamis.
____ 67. Which waves arrive at a seismograph first?
a. P waves
b. S waves
c. transverse waves
d. surface waves
____ 68. What is another use of a seismograph aside from detecting earthquakes?
a. measuring tsunamis
b. locating pockets of valuable resources underground
c. predicting accurately when and where volcanoes will erupt
d. locating gold dust in rivers
____ 69. A material that reflects or absorbs any light that strikes it is
a. opaque.
b. transparent.
c. translucent.
d. concave.
____ 70. Clear glass, water, and air are examples of what kind of material?
a. opaque
b. fluid
c. translucent
d. transparent
____ 71. Frosted glass and wax paper are
a. transparent.
b. translucent.
c. clear.
d. opaque.
____ 72. What happens when parallel rays of light hit a smooth surface?
a. diffuse reflection
b. diffraction
c. refraction
d. regular reflection
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
____ 73. What occurs when parallel rays of light hit a rough or bumpy surface?
a. regular reflection
b. diffuse reflection
c. refraction
d. diffraction
____ 74. When the surface of a mirror curves inward, like the inside of a bowl, it is called a
a. plane mirror.
b. convex mirror.
c. concave mirror.
d. diffuse mirror.
____ 75. The bending of light rays as they enter a new medium is called
a. diffuse reflection.
b. regular reflection.
c. refraction.
d. diffraction.
____ 76. What happens when light passes from air into water?
a. The light speeds up.
b. The light continues at the same speed.
c. The light slows down.
d. The light forms a mirage.
____ 77. An image of a distant object caused by refraction of light is called a
a. prism.
b. mirage.
c. rainbow.
d. hologram.
____ 78. A curved piece of glass or other transparent material that is used to refract light is called a(n)
a. mirror.
b. lens.
c. reflector.
d. optical fiber.
____ 79. Because the light rays never meet, a concave lens can produce
a. no image.
b. both real and virtual images.
c. only a real image.
d. only a virtual image.
____ 80. What happens when white light strikes a black object?
a. Blue light is reflected.
b. Red light is reflected.
c. No light is reflected.
d. All of the light is reflected.
____ 81. How would a tomato look under blue light?
a. The tomato would seem to disappear.
b. The tomato would still appear red.
c. The tomato would appear black.
d. The tomato would appear white.
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
____ 82. A photographic slide is an example of a(n)
a. color filter.
b. opaque material.
c. transparent material.
d. reflecting material.
____ 83. Any two primary colors of light combined in equal amounts produce
a. a complementary color.
b. a secondary color.
c. a fluorescent color.
d. the third primary color.
____ 84. The primary colors of light are
a. red, yellow, and blue.
b. yellow, cyan, and magenta.
c. red, green, and blue.
d. red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.
____ 85. Opaque substances that are used to color other materials are called
a. pigments.
b. lenses.
c. mirages.
d. filters.
____ 86. The transparent front surface of the eye is called the
a. cornea.
b. iris.
c. pupil.
d. retina.
____ 87. The colored ring of muscle that controls the size of the pupil is called the
a. cornea.
b. iris.
c. lens.
d. retina.
____ 88. Rods and cones are the light-sensitive cells on the
a. cornea.
b. iris.
c. pupil.
d. retina.
____ 89. The signals generated by the rods and cones are carried to your brain by the
a. cornea.
b. pupil.
c. optic nerve.
d. lens.
____ 90. A person is nearsighted if he or she
a. can see far away things very well.
b. has eyeballs that are a little too short.
c. has eyeballs that are a little too long.
d. sees nearby objects as blurry.
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
____ 91. Farsightedness can usually be corrected using
a. convex mirrors.
b. concave mirrors.
c. convex lenses.
d. concave lenses.
____ 92. What instruments use lenses or mirrors to collect and focus light from distant objects?
a. microscopes
b. optical fibers
c. telescopes
d. lasers
____ 93. Which device uses lenses to focus light rays and record an image of an object on photographic film?
a. microscope
b. reflecting telescope
c. refracting telescope
d. camera
____ 94. A laser produces light that
a. is incoherent.
b. has many different colors.
c. is coherent.
d. has many different wavelengths.
____ 95. Why are lasers useful in surgery?
a. They increase the amount of blood loss from an incision.
b. Laser incisions usually heal faster than scalpel cuts.
c. They add light to the operating room.
d. The beam of light is very weak.
____ 96. What instrument is used in holography?
a. telescope
b. microscope
c. laser
d. camera
____ 97. Long, thin strands of glass or plastic that carry light for long distances without allowing the light to fade
are called
a. lasers.
b. holograms.
c. optical fibers.
d. compact discs.
____ 98. A laser beam can travel through a curled-up optical fiber because of
a. diffuse reflection.
b. holography.
c. total internal reflection.
d. regular reflection.
Completion
Complete each statement.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
echolocation
Doppler effect
sound quality
pitch
loudness
ultrasonic
resonance
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
99. An instrument’s __sound quality__________________ comes from the blending of pitches through interference.
100. The amplitude of a sound’s waves determines its ___loudness_________________.
101. Sounds with frequencies higher than 20,000 Hz are ___ultrasonic_________________.
102. The motion of either the listener or the source of a sound causes the ____Doppler Effect________________.
103. The frequency of the sound wave determines its ___pitch_________________.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
pinna
oscilloscope
decibel
noise
standing wave
sonar
104. Sound is directed to the ear canal by the ____pinna________________.
105. The unit for measuring the loudness of sound is the __decibel__________________.
106. A sound with a random mixture of frequencies is ____noise________________.
107. Electronic echolocation, or ______sonar______________, is used to find things underwater.
108. Part of a(n) ___standing wave_________________ has a large amplitude due to interference.
109. A graph of a sound can be made with a(n) _____oscilloscope_______________.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement.
a. pitch
b. oscilloscope
c. Hertz
d. medium
e. Doppler effect
_D___110.
_A___ 111.
_C___ 112.
_G___113.
_E___ 114.
_J___ 115.
__I__ 116.
__B__ 117.
__F__ 118.
__H__119.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
rarefactions
decibels
amplitude
loudness
ultrasonic
speed of sound varies from one to another
how high or low a sound seems to be
units for expressing frequency
Sounds with 120 of these units can be painful.
causes a sound in front of a moving sound source to seem to have a higher pitch and frequency
sounds that have a frequency too high for people to hear
a measure of how well a sound can be heard
used to graph representations of sound wave
represented by the troughs on a graph from an oscilloscope
When it is larger, the sound is louder.
Short Answer
120. How is an oscilloscope used to “see” sound waves? Convert sound waves to electric current that transforms to a
transverse wave and is visible on a PC.
121. Explain the difference between constructive interference and destructive interference. Constructive =
complementary – sound/wave gets bigger. Destructive = Destructive – wave is broken down.
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit Review
122. How are echoes used to locate underwater objects? Sound waves are reflected off underwater objects.
123. Name the three bones in the ear that act as levers. Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup
124. What is necessary for sound to travel from its source to a listener? A medium (particles)
125. Explain how a person can observe the Doppler effect. Sirens are an example (severe weather, ambulance, fire truck,
etc. )
126. What is sound quality? Result of pitch blending through interference
127. How does noise differ from music? TOTALLY SUBJECTIVE!! Music has rhythmic patterns. Noise is complex –
no pattern.
128. How would a person’s hearing be affected if the eardrum became loose and flabby? Eardrum cannot vibrate
properly, therefore hearing loss would result.
129. Ralph wants to try to get his drum to make a sound without touching it. What can he do? Use RESONANCE!!
130. At 10°C sound travels through air at 337 m/s. At 20°C sound travels through air at 343 m/s. How much farther will
sound travel at 20°C in 10 seconds than at 10°C? 60 meters