Download Ancient-Greece-and-Rome

History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 1 of 17
I. The Ancient Greek City-States
A. What was a typical Greek city-state like?
i. typical city-states included a town or small ________
as well as the surrounding ______________.
ii. most city-states had a population of no more than
_____________.
iii. most city-states covered about _________ square
miles.
B. What languages were spoken in Greek city-states?
i. all Greek city-states spoke __________.
ii. ____________ varied from city-state to city-state.
C. What religions did Greek city-states observe?
i. all Greek city-states worshipped the Greek
____________ believed to inhabit
________________________.
ii. lesser gods varied from city-state to city-state.
iii. some of the names of the gods include:
iv. ____________
v. _____________
vi. _____________
vii.
_____________
viii.
_____________
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 2 of 17
D. What were the forms of government that existed in
Greek city-states and what was special about each form?
i. tyranny – one man was the _______________.
ii. _________________ -- a few nobles or upper-class
families held power.
iii. oligarchy – power was held by a few ___________
________.
iv. _________________ -- power was shared by a large
number of _____________.
II. Athens
A. What did the Athenian Assembly do?
i. levied _______,
ii. passed _______,
iii. _________ on issues of war and peace,
iv. could ______________ citizens who posed a danger to
the polis.
B. How did Athenian juries differ from American juries?
i. Athenian juries were larger – as many as 501 citizens
because they believed that larger juries were less likely to
be __________________.
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 3 of 17
C. What were the conditions for citizenship in Athens?
i. citizens were ___________,
ii. at least _________ years old,
iii. not __________,
iv. and born of _________________ parents.
D. Who were metics? Metics were ___________ residents
in Athens.
E. What are some of the subjects taught in Athenian
schools?
i. _________________
ii. _________________
iii. _________________
iv. _________________
v. _________________
III.Sparta
A. How many years were Spartans required to train for the
military? _________
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 4 of 17
B. What were some of the ways Spartans made sure their
children grew up to be tough?
i. Spartan children were not coddled when they
___________.
ii. they were made to go ______________.
iii. at the age of ________ boys began military training in
barracks away from home.
iv. they were _______________ by whipping if they
questioned authority.
C. What were some of the features of Spartan government?
i. Sparta had two _________ who were in charge of the
army and were supposed to keep each other honest.
ii. there was a __________ of __________ and an
______________, in which debates and elections were
decided by shouting for or against a candidate or
measure.
D. What was one difference between Athenians and
Spartans in their public speaking?
i. Athenians were trained in ________________ and
public speaking.
ii. Spartans were famous for avoiding long speeches and
were known for being “laconic.”
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 5 of 17
E. How did Athens and Sparta differ in their attitudes
toward foreigners?
i. Athens welcomed foreigners, who were important to
their maritime economy.
ii. Sparta was an inland city that preferred to isolate itself
from outsiders.
IV.
The Olympic Games
A. A. What was the Olympic truce? An
_________________ between warring city-states that they
would stop fighting during the time it took for athletes to
travel to Olympia, to compete, and to return to their citystates.
B. How frequently were the games held, and how were they
initiated?
i. the Olympic Games were held every ________ years.
ii. several months before the games began, a sacred
engraved disk was carried to all the Greek city-states that
were expected to compete, informing them when the
games would be held and the terms of the truce.
C. What were some of the Olympic events?
i. _________________
ii. _________________
iii. _________________
iv. _________________
v. _________________
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 6 of 17
D. How do modern Olympic Games differ from those in
ancient Greece?
i. modern Olympic Games take place in different cities.
ii. modern Olympic Games do not celebrate ___________.
iii. ________ and _________ athletes participate.
iv. people from all parts of the world compete.
E. What were the original athletic contests of the Greeks
based on? The original athletic contests were based on
the ______________ skills Greeks needed for
____________.
V. The Persian Wars
A. What caused the Persian and Greek conflict in Asia
Minor?
i. The city-state of _______________ rebelled against
Persian rule,
ii. The ______________ agreed to help Miletus overthrow
the Persians.
iii. The Greeks burned the Persian-controlled city of
____________ and gained control for three years.
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 7 of 17
B. What was significant about the Battle of Marathon in 490
B.C.?
i. The _________________ were badly outnumbered by
the __________, but they managed to defeat the
______________.
ii. The battle filled the Athenians with self-confidence and
arrogance.
C. How did the Persians defeat the Greek army at
Thermopylae? A traitor revealed to the Persians how they
could use a ______________ _________ to pass the
Greeks, who were blocking the narrow pass along the sea.
D. What kind of behavior did Leonidas and his men display
at Thermopylae? They were brave and willing to
_______________ themselves to slow the Persian advance.
E. What does Xerxes’ behavior at the battle near Salamis
suggest about his character? Xerxes was arrogant enough
to assume that his navy would defeat the Greek navy.
VI.
The Golden Age of Athens
A. What was the Delian League? It was an _____________
of Greek city-states formed in 478 B.C. in which members
agreed to support each other and swore an allegiance to
_______________.
B. What was Pericles’ reputation in the Golden Age?
Pericles was known as a skilled ____________, a dedicated
worker, and a great patron of the ________.
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 8 of 17
C. What was the Acropolis? The Acropolis was a complex
of buildings on a bluff overlooking Athens. The most
famous of these buildings was the _________________, a
temple to Athena.
D. Who were Aristophanes and Sophocles?
i. Aristophanes wrote comic plays that made fun of
statesmen like Pericles and other important contemporary
figures.
ii. Sophocles wrote tragedies such as _____________ the
King.
VII. The Peloponnesian War
A. What was the Peloponnesian League? An alliance
named for the Peloponnesus, a mountainous peninsula in
which Sparta, Thebes, and Corinth all were located. The
league was designed to counteract _______________
supremacy.
B. How did the Peloponnesian War begin? Relations
between _____________ and the ___________________
______________ deteriorated, war broke out and continued
25 years.
C. What was the Athenian strategy for victory in the war?
Pericles believed that the Athenians had a stronger
____________ and could defeat the Spartans if they could
avoid a major land battle. The Athenian plan was to refuse
to fight a _______ battle, but a ___________ foiled
Pericles’s plan.
D. What was Alcibiades’ strategy for winning the war?
Alcibiades thought that if the Athenians conquered Sicily,
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 9 of 17
they could use the island as a new base from which to
attack the Spartans. The invasion was a disaster.
E. What did the Spartans force the Athenians to do when
they defeated them? The Spartans made the Athenians
tear down their ____________, prevented them from having
a navy, ___________ democracy, and put _____________
kings in charge.
VIII. Greek Philosophy and Socrates
A. How did early Greeks explain phenomena such as a
storm at sea or thunder? The early Greeks believed their
_________ were responsible for natural occurrences.
B. What did the early philosopher Heraclitus think about
the universe? Heraclitus thought that the universe was
made up of ____________ that were in constant conflict
with each other.
C. How was Socrates different from earlier Greek
philosophers? Socrates was less interested in questions
about where the __________ came from and more
interested in how human beings ought to ____________.
D. On what two principles did Socrates base his
conversations?
i. it was important never to do wrong
ii. people who understood what was ___________ and
___________ couldn’t choose the ___________ thing.
E. What is the Socratic method? A series of
________________ and __________ designed to help the
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 10 of 17
student figure things out for himself or herself as opposed
to being _______________ by the teacher.
IX.
Plato and Aristotle
A. How did Plato differ from Socrates? Plato was more
idealistic than Socrates. He was more traditional and
taught his students in the _____________ rather than in the
market.
B. Why didn’t Plato believe in democracy? Plato felt that
_________________ gave power to people who did not
understand justice and who did wicked things like execute
Socrates.
C. C. What was the golden mean?
_____________________________________
X. ______________________________________________
________________________.
XI.
Alexander and the Hellenistic Period
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 11 of 17
A. What lands did Alexander conquer?
i. ___________________
ii. ___________________
iii. ___________________
iv. ___________________
v. ____________________
vi. ___________________
vii.
___________________
viii.
__________________
B. Why were Alexander’s troops loyal to him? Alexander
was a _____________ fighter who was unafraid to put
himself in the worst part of the battle.
C. Why was Alexander’s conquest of much of the world so
significant? Alexander brought the people who lived
around the Mediterranean Sea into contact with
______________ culture, which changed their civilizations
forever.
D. What were some of the aspects of Greek culture that
spread in the Hellenistic Period?
i. kings made coins like Greek coins,
ii. kings imitated Greek education, __________________,
philosophy, and science.
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 12 of 17
E. Why was the library at Alexandria a magnet for
scholars? the library at Alexandria had more than
_______________ scrolls and attracted many thinkers in
the ancient world, including the astronomer Ptolemy.
XII. The Roman Republic
A. What were the categories of citizens in ancient Rome?
i. _______________ -- noblemen and members of the
aristocracy.
ii. ______________ -- common people with few rights.
iii. women and slaves were without ____________ in this
society.
B. How did Rome treat the conquered peoples? Rome
allowed its conquered people to serve in the __________,
and eventually some of them were eligible to become
______________.
XIII. The Punic Wars
A. What were the Carthaginians trying to do to Sicily before
Rome stepped in? The Carthaginians wanted to expand
their control to Sicily.
B. What was the result of the First Punic War? The
____________ defeated the Carthaginians, took over Sicily,
and made it part of the Roman ____________.
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 13 of 17
C. Who was Hannibal and for what was he famous?
Hannibal was a Carthaginian who sought revenge for the
loss of the First Punic War. He is famous for leading his
troops through ____________, France, and across the
_____________ before arriving in Italy. He was eventually
defeated.
D. Who was Scipio Africanus and what did he hope to
accomplish? Scipio Africanus was a Roman general who
wanted to conquer Carthage. He defeated Hannibal and
Carthage was forced to _________ Rome for its losses in
the war.
E. What happened during the Third Punic War? Rome tried
to force the Carthaginians to leave ______________. When
they refused, ____________ invaded and destroyed their
city, then sold surviving ______________________ into
slavery.
XIV. A Great Roman: Julius Caesar
A. How did the Roman army change after the Punic Wars?
The army was manned by ________________ soldiers who
hoped to get rich and become powerful. These soldiers felt
more loyalty to their _____________ than to Rome.
B. What caused the Roman Civil War? ______________
______________ brought about the Roman Civil War when
he entered Rome with his army, against the rules of the
day, to seek reelection for consul of the Senate.
C. Who was responsible for Caesar’s assassination? A
group of about sixty _________________ was responsible
for Caesar’s assassination, though only a ____________
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 14 of 17
carried out the act itself including Caesar’s friend,
____________.
XV. The Age of Augustus
A. How did Augustus restore Roman pride and
confidence?
i. rebuilt _____________,
ii. reestablished the religions of the Romans,
iii. celebrated great events in Roman history with statues
and arches,
iv. had his architects copy _____________ buildings.
B. What was the Pax Romana? The period of
unprecedented ______________ and ___________ in the
Roman Empire that lasted for _________________ years
and began with Caesar __________________.
C. How did Virgil’s epic poem the Aeneid reawaken Roman
pride? It gave the Romans an exciting past and a national
hero, ____________.
D. How did Augustus strengthen the law? He limited his
own power and separated his power from that of the
_______________ and other Roman leaders.
E. How did Augustus support the Roman army? Augustus
created a _______________ to support the army.
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 15 of 17
XVI. Rome and Christianity
A. How did the rise of Christianity lead to fights between
Jews and Christians? Jewish communities rejected
members who believed in ____________.
B. How did Roman leaders try to keep the empire united?
i. requiring all people to pay __________,
ii. requiring them to take part in ________________ and
civic rituals and __________________,
iii. ___________________ any citizens who were disloyal.
C. How did Christians react at having to worship Roman
gods and goddesses?
XVII. They _________________ because they felt they
were disobeying their own ________.
A. What was the Edict of Milan? A decree signed by
Emperor ________________ that declared Christianity a
legal religion.
i. The Fall of the Roman Empire
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 16 of 17
B. What were some of the causes of the problems facing
the Roman Empire in the third century?
i. The _____________ ___________ had stopped
expanding,
ii. There was a _________________ with fewer jobs and
goods available,
iii. There was also _________________ -- when it takes
more money to buy things,
iv. There was an increasing divide between the
___________ and the _________,
v. Many rulers were incompetent or _______________.
C. What role did emperors play in the decline of the
empire? Some emperors between 180 and 270 (of which
there were 80) damaged the empire by their ____________
behavior (like Nero).
D. How did Germanic tribes damage the Roman Empire?
i. the Germanic tribes began to invade Rome and defeat
the Roman troops.
ii. In 410 the ___________________ king Alaric attacked
Rome.
iii. In 476, Odoacer became the first barbarian king of
_____________.
iv. In 493, Theodoric, king of the ______________,
overthrew Odoacer and ended Roman rule.
E. What was Islam? A _________________ that dates from
the visions of a man named __________________ in 610.
Muhammad united Arabs who became believers in Allah
and the holy scripture, the ___________.
History: Unit 3
Ancient Greece and Rome
Page 17 of 17
F. How did Christian leaders adopt many Roman duties at
the end of the empire?
i. a Roman official called a vicarious became a
____________
ii. a ______________ formerly an area for Roman
administration became an area of church administration.
XVIII.
The Heritage of Greece and Rome
A. What American buildings show Greek and Roman
influences?
i. the _____________ and ______________ memorials,
ii. the _______________ _____________,
iii. and the _________________.
B. How does our Constitution reflect aspects of the Roman
Republic? With its mixed government, in which different
offices serve as a series of “_____________ and
______________” against each other, the U.S.
___________________ borrows heavily from the Romans.
C. How has our government borrowed from the Greeks?
We have borrowed the idea of __________________, the
principle of _______________ ___________, and the idea
of a ____________.