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Biology
Unit 5 Test Review Sheet
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis: Chapter 9, 10.1
Test Structure:
(30) Multiple-choice questions
Answer the following questions to HELP prepare you for this test:
Cell Cycle:
1.
What is the cell cycle? What are the phases?
When a cell grows and divides. G1, S, and G2
2.
Name 3 things a cell does while in interphase.
It grows, replicates DNA, and then copies organelles and grows more
Cell Division:
1. What is binary fission? Identify organisms that go through this process.
When a prokaryote (aka bacteria) splits into 2 new cells asexually.
Mitosis:
1.
What is the purpose/importance of mitosis?
To repair cells and organisms and maintain the complete set of 46 chromosomes for humans
2.
What is the difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cell? Give an example of
each type of cell.
Diploid cells (2 sets) = 23 + 23 = 46 total chromosomes – skin cell
Haploid cells (1 set) = 23 chromosomes – egg or sperm cell
3.
Identify and briefly describe the phase of mitosis of each cell below:
Prophase = prepare
4.
No!
5.
Metaphase = middle
anaphase = apart
telophase = two
Does the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell differ from the number that was
in the parent cell?
46
46 the structures labeled A and B. a = centromere (center)
Identify
46
sister chromatids
Meiosis:
1.
What is the purpose of meiosis? Me so sexy – gametes
2.
What is a gamete? Egg or sperm cell missing half of the chromosomes, and therefore
3.
What are homologous chromosomes? Chromosomes of the same number with the same
4.
Identify what process is occurring in the diagram below. When does it occur and why it
is important?
has 23 which are haploid
traits. Meaning mom’s #1 chromosomes about “eyes” and dad’s #1 chromosome about
“eyes”
Crossing over occurs in Prophase I of meiosis. Important bc it creates genetic variety which
makes each gamete different and therefore each individual different.
5.
How many cells are produced as a result of meiosis? How do their chromosome numbers
differ from that of the parent cell?
4, and each will have only 23 chromosomes (haploid) which is different from the parent cell that
has 46.
6.
7.
8.
If an animal’s body cell contained 50 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be
found in an egg cell of that organism? A sperm cell? 25
What is nondisjunction? When chromosomes do not split equally in anaphase and
creates a gamete with an abnormal number of chromosomes. Possibly leads to down
syndrome (3 chromosomes at #21)
Why are the results of meiosis (sexual reproduction) more beneficial to a species than
asexual reproduction?
Leads to genetic variety which will have a better survival of the fittest attitude for the
species. This way if something kills one, it won’t kill the entire species if they have some
variety.