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Supplementary Information MiRNAs functioned by regulating different target mRNAs, then modulating cellular characteristics. Cancer stem cells can be isolated and identified by specific markers. Regulations of miRNAs on cancer and cancer stem cells functioned in many ways. Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Oncogene website (http://www.nature.com/onc). Supplemental Tables Table S1 Target genes of let-7 miRNA family members Let-7 Sequence Main Targets Reference ACTCCATCATCCAACATATCAA Caspase-3, RAS, c-Myc, HMGA2, LIN28, E1F2C2/AGO2, DICER1, SOCS4, CDK6, CDC25A (1-9) ACTCCATCATCCAACACCAA RAS, HMGA2, cyclin-D1, cyclins-D2, cyclins-D3, cyclin A, CDK4, CDK6, CDC25A, SOX4, PAK1, DIAPH2, RDX, ITGB8 (2, 4, 7, 8, 10-14) Let-7c ACTCCATCATCCAACATACGAA RAS, HMGA2, Caspase-3, SOCS4, CDK6, CDC25A, IL-10, MMP-11, PBX3, AR (4, 7, 8, 10, 15-18) Let-7d AGAGGTAGTAGGTTGCATAGTT RAS, HMGA2, SOCS4, PBX3, CDK6, CDC25A, CREB, MOR1 (4, 7-10, 19, 20) Let-7e TGAGGTAGGAGGTTGTATAGTT RAS, HMGA2, SOCS4, TLR4, E2F5, CDK6, CDC25A (4, 7-10, 13) Let-7f-1/2 CTATACAATCTATTGCCTTCCC RAS, HMGA2, SOCS4, CDK6, CDC25A, MYH9, CYP19A1, IL-23R (4, 7, 8, 10, 21-23) Let-7g TGAGGTAGTGGTTTGTACAGTT RAS, HMGA2, SOCS4, LOX-1, c-Myc, NF-κB, COL1A2, cyclin-D1, cyclins-D2, CDK6, CDC25A (2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 24-26) Let-7i CTGCGCAAGCTACTGCCTTGCT RAS, HMGA2, FUS1, c-Myc, SOCS4, CDK6, CDC25A (4, 7-10, 27) ACTCCATCATTCAACATAACAA HMGA2, FUS1, PGRMC1, cyclin-D2, PGR, DDX3X, TIMP3 , CDK6, CDC25A (9, 27-31) Let-7a-1/2/3 Let-7b miR-98 COL1A2, Type I collagen alpha2; PBX3, Pre-leukemia transcription factor 3; CDK, Cyclin-dependent kinase; CREB, cAMP-response element binding protein; MOR1, Microtubule organization; AR, Androgen receptor; PBX3, pre-leukemia transcription factor 3; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MYH, myosin heavy-chain; CYP19A1, cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1. Table S2 Markers of CSCs identified in multiple tumor types Cancer Illustration Reference CD34+/CD38- Acute myeloid leukemia + - low (32, 33) + Breast cancer CD44 CD24 / , ALDH1 , SP (34, 35) Brain cancer CD133+ (36-38) Bone sarcoma Stat-3, Oct-3/4, Nanog, SP (39, 40) + Bladder cancer CD44 , Oct-4, SP (41-43) Colorectal cancer CD133+, CD44+, CD166+, ALDH1+, EpCAMhigh/CD44+ (44-47) Endometrial carcinoma CD133+, SP (48, 49) + Gastric cancer CD44 Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma CD44+, CD133+, CD147+, ALDH1 (51-55) Hepatocellular carcinoma SP, CD133+, CD44+, CD90+ (56-60) SP , Lung cancer CD133+, uPAR+, ALDH1 (35, 61-64) CD34+/CD38- Leukemia CD44+/CD133+/CD24+, ABCB5+, Melanoma (65) CD20+ (66-68) CD138-/CD20+/CD27+ Multiple myeloma Ovarian cancer (50) CD44+/CD24-, CD133+/CD117+, CD44+/MYD88+, (69, 70) SP (75-79) Pancreatic cancer CD44+/CD24-/ESA+, CD133+, ALDH1 (80-83) Renal carcinoma CD105+ (84) Thyroid cancer SP (85, 86) high/CD133+, CD44+/α2β1high/CD133+, (71-74) α2β1 CD117+/ABCG2+, ALDH1 Prostate cancer CXCR4/CD133+, Supplemental References 1. 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