Download religions of the middle east

RELIGIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAST
Belief
Judaism – Ethnic religion – oldest
monotheistic religion
Christianity – universalizing
religion
Islam – “submit to God’s will”
universalizing
Began
1750 B.C.
50 A.D.
620 A.D.
Founder
Abraham
Peter and Paul (founded the
church)
Muhammad
Origin
Adam/Abraham/(Sarah) Isaac
Adam/Abraham/ (Sarah) Isaac
Adam/Abraham/(2nd wife Hagarpolygamy ok) Ishmael
Number of
Members
16,000,000
2,0000,000,000
1,000,000,000
Region
Israel, United States, Soviet Union
Western Hemisphere, Europe & North Africa to Central Asia
Eastern Europe, South Africa
Religious
Leaders
Rabbi
Priest, Preacher, Pastor, Father,
Minister, Pope, Cardinal,
Imam
Reverend
Holy Book(s)
Torah (Pentateuch- 1st 5 books of Old
Testament-history) and Talmud
Bible –New (basis) and Old
Testament
Qur'an (Koran)
Language or
Holy Book(s)
Hebrew
Hebrew and Greek
Arabic
House of
Worship
Synagogue or Temple – gathering
Church, Cathedral, Chapel,
Temple, Tabernacle – God
house
Mosque – place of assembly
Branches
Orthodox, Reform, Conservative, Hasidic
Roman Catholic, Protestant,
Eastern Orthodox
Sunni (orthodox or original) 83% - 1st
4 caliphs successors
Shiite (sect –broke away from
established) 16% son-in-law –
ayatollah-expert in Islamic law
Holy Cities
Jerusalem
Jerusalem
Jerusalem, Mecca, Medina
Symbol
Star of David and Menorah
Cross and Fish
Quarter Moon with Star
Dietary Laws
No pork or Shellfish - known as Kosherritually proper for use according to Jewish
Law- cloven hooves & ruminant (chew cud)
moderation
no pork or alcohol
Monotheistic
Yes
Yes
Yes
Holy Day of
Week
Friday sundown through Saturday sundown
Sunday
Friday
Holidays
Hanukkah - Dec 10th, 8 days, “dedication,”
rededication of temple in Jerusalem, Festival
of Lights, Menorah (9 branches)
Rosh Hashanah – Sept 18/Oct, Jewish New
Year, 10days, high holy day
Christmas, Easter, Good Friday
Yom Kippur – Sept 27, Day of Atonement,
most solemn high holy day, confession,
repentance
Passover, “protection,’ exodus from Egypt,
lamb’s blood, Seder (horseradish-bitterness)
Ramadan – fast for whole month,
changes according to calendar
Fasting – not eating from sunup to
sundown during Ramadan
Dubai Video
Calendar
Lunar – 29 days, 19 years
Solar – 12 months
Lunar – 30 year cycle
Name of Deity
Jehovah, Yahweh, God
God, Jehovah, Jesus Christ
Allah
Requirements
Keep Sabbath and Laws
Believed they formed a covenant (solemn
agreement) with God
Accept Christ as Son of God
and Baptism
Five Pillars:
1. Believe in One God, Allah
2. Prayer 5 times a day facing
Mecca
3. Giving Alms – 1/40th poor
4. Fasting during Ramadan
5. Performing hajj – “voyage to
sacred place” – once
Golden Rule
Yes
Yes
Yes
Referred to as:
Jews
Christians
Muslims
Burial of Dead: Cemetery
Ethnic religion
Diffusion
Cemetery
Cemetery
Relocation (Missionaries) &
Expansion (hierarchical –
leaders, contagious –
widespread)
Muslim Armies / Relocation Missionaries
Population
United States – most
Middle East – Israel
Middle East: Lebanon, Cyrus
Muslims but not Arabs:
Turkey (Turks)
Iran (Persians)
Prayer
Standing reciting benedictions – rocking
Wear Yarmulke or prayer ribbons
Sitting or standing in pews
Bowing and facing Mecca – use
whole body to pray
Women
Equal
Equal – can’t be priest in
Catholic church
Purdah – seclusion in home
No nail polish, cover face, can’t drive,
limited education, subservient to men
(polygamy – 4 wives)
Islam dictates culture in Middle East