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Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which of the following pairs are opposing terms?
superior/posterior
superior/inferior
anterior/inferior
superior/anterior
B
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which term refers to the back?
inferior
lateral
posterior
peripheral
C
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which section divide(s) the body into right and left?
sagittal
transverse
frontal
sagittal and transverse
A
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is more anterior?
abdomen
vertebral
lumbar
occipital
A
5.
A)
B)
Ans:
Which term refers to the study of how an organ functions?
anatomy
physiology
B
6. Arrange the following terms from the smallest to the largest: 1) cell, 2) organelle, 3)
atom, 4) organ, 5) tissue.
A) 3,2,1,5,4
B) 1,2,3,4,5
C) 5,4,3,2,1
D) 3,1,5,4,2
Ans: A
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figure 1.1
7. Which letter in figure 1.1 points to the pectoral region?
Ans: b
8. Which letter in figure 1.1 points to the oral region?
Ans: d
9. Which letter in figure 1.1 points to the lumbar region?
Ans: a
10. Which letter in figure 1.1 points to the axillary region?
Ans: c
11.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The thoracic cavity is in which region?
ventral cavity
dorsal cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
C
12.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The brain is in which region?
ventral cavity
dorsal cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
A
13.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The stomach is in which region?
ventral cavity
dorsal cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
B
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14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Integration and coordination are part of the body's
nervous system.
skin.
skeleton.
circulation.
A
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Skin is part of
integration and coordination.
the integumentary system.
transportation.
support and movement.
B
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which part of the body plays a major part in support and movement?
nervous system
skin
skeleton
circulation
C
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Transportation within the body is mainly part of
the nervous system.
the skin.
the skeleton.
circulation.
D
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Appendicular refers to the
skull.
thorax.
legs and arms.
skull and thorax.
C
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
A group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n)
tissue.
organ.
molecule.
system.
A
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20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
An organism consists of
molecules.
cells.
organs.
all of these choices.
D
21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Cells are to tissues as tissues are to
systems.
molecules.
organs.
organelles.
C
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate?
abdominal and pelvic
dorsal and ventral
thoracic and abdominal
cranial and spinal
C
23.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Visceral refers to
organs.
tissues.
cells.
atoms.
A
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
The head is in which region?
cephalic
lumbar
brachial
pectoral
pedal
A
25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
The arm is in which region?
cephalic
lumbar
brachial
pectoral
pedal
C
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26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
The lower back is in which region?
cephalic
lumbar
brachial
pectoral
pedal
B
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
The foot is in which region?
cephalic
lumbar
brachial
pectoral
pedal
E
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans:
The chest is in which region?
cephalic
lumbar
brachial
pectoral
pedal
D
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which system are the blood vessels part of?
endocrine
circulatory
reproductive
nervous
B
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which system are the hormones part of?
endocrine
circulatory
reproductive
nervous
A
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which system are the testes part of?
endocrine
circulatory
reproductive
nervous
C
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32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which system is the spinal cord part of?
endocrine
circulatory
reproductive
nervous
D
figure 1.2
33. Which letter in figure 1.2 points to the ventral cavity?
Ans: d
34. Which letter in figure 1.2 points to the abdominal cavity?
Ans: a
35. Which letter in figure 1.2 points to the cranial cavity?
Ans: c
36. Which letter in figure 1.2 points to the dorsal cavity?
Ans: b
37. Which letter in figure 1.2 points to the diaphragm?
Ans: e
38. If a person was diagnosed as having a tumor in the dorsal cavity, where might you
expect to find it?
A) abdominal or pelvic cavities
B) superior or inferior cavities
C) thoracic or abdominal cavities
D) cranial or spinal cavities
Ans: D
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39.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
If a person has a rash in the cephalic region, where is it located?
head
lower back
arm
chest
A
40.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
If a person has a sore in the oral cavity, where is it located?
head
lower back
mouth
head
C
41.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Homeostasis refers to
changing external conditions.
stable external conditions.
changing internal conditions.
stable internal conditions.
D
42. Which of the following provides the best example of a negative feedback control
mechanism?
A) increase in body temperature due to exercise
B) increase in body temperature due to illness
C) decrease in body temperature due to a drop in external temperature
D) shivering in order to generate heat due to a drop in body temperature
Ans: D
43. List the systems involved in processing and transporting, and discuss the activities of
each.
Ans: Digestive system receives food and digests it so it can enter body cells.
Circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells and takes away the
waste.
Respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs and takes out carbon dioxide.
Urinary system takes out nitrogenous waste and regulates fluid and chemical levels in
the blood.
44. Explain what controls homeostasis.
Ans: Homeostasis is primarily controlled by the endocrine and nervous systems. Both
systems monitor the internal environment. The glands of the endocrine system secrete
hormones which effect changes in target organs, and the nerves of the nervous system
carry nerve impulses to target organs, thereby regulating their functioning.
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45. Explain why homeostasis is important in prevention of disease.
Ans: Homeostasis is responsible for our internal environment remaining constant so the cells
remain healthy and alive.
46. What two major breakthroughs have made organ transplants more possible?
Ans: 1. Solutions have been developed that preserve donor organs for several hours. 2.
Immunosuppressive drugs are administered that prevent rejection of transplanted
organs.
47. What are the aspects of the internal environment; of the external environment?
Ans: Aspects of the internal environment include, blood glucose concentration, blood nutrient
concentration, blood waste concentration, blood pH, blood pressure, blood temperature,
and blood oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. Aspects of the external
environment include, ambient temperature and pressure, and the availability of food and
water.
48. Differentiate between local, systemic, acute, and chronic disease.
Ans: A local disease affects a specific part of the body, a systemic disease affects the entire
body or several organ systems, an acute disease occurs suddenly and generally lasts a
short time, and a chronic disease develops slowly and is generally long-term.
49. List the levels of organization of the human body in order from least complex to most
complex and provide a brief description of each level.
Ans: Atom = Microscopic subcomponent particle of all chemicals.
Molecule = Formed when atoms join together.
Macromolecule = Large molecule formed from smaller subunit molecules.
Organelle = Membranous structure that performs a function in a cell.
Cell = Basic unit of all living things.
Tissue = Formed from similar types of cells.
Organ = Composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function in an
organ system.
Organ system = A collection of organs that work together to perform a broad function in
an organism.
Organism = A human being.
50. Distinguish between anatomy and physiology, then explain how they are related.
Ans: Whereas anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, physiology is the study of
the functioning of body parts. Anatomy and physiology are closely related in that the
structure of any body part suits its function.
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51. Explain why the heating of your home is an example of a negative feedback mechanism.
Ans: In a home, when the temperature drops below the level set on the thermostat, the
thermostat will signal the furnace to switch on. The furnace produces heat that is
transported throughout the house and the temperature rises. This is an example of
negative feedback because the response (production of heat) was the opposite or
negative of the stimulus (low temperature).
52. List the organ systems that allow for body movement and describe the role each system
plays in the production of movement.
Ans: The skeletal and muscular systems allow for body movement. The bones of the skeletal
system serve as attachment sites for muscles and contraction of the muscles of the
muscular system serves to move the bones.
53. Which subatomic particle is involved in CAT scanning and how is it used? Which is
involved in MRI and how is it used?
Ans: During CAT scanning, X rays (high speed electrons) are sent through the body and their
interactions with tissues of different densities result in an image. During MRI, short
bursts of a powerful magnetic field cause protons (hydrogen ions) to momentarily line
up. When the protons fall out of alignment, they produce signals that can be used to
construct an image.
54. List two items that decrease the likelihood of organ rejection.
Ans: 1. Careful selection of organ to be transplanted to insure that the cell surface molecules
of the donor match those of the recipient. 2. Immunosuppressive drugs like
cyclosporine.
55. Contrast positive and negative feedback mechanisms with regard to their general
outcomes.
Ans: Whereas negative feedback is used to maintain a specific factor (e.g. body temperature)
within an acceptable range, positive feedback is used to drive a process (e.g. childbirth)
to completion.
56. Which of the following occurs as a result of positive feedback and assists in the
maintenance of homeostasis?
A) body temperature regulation
B) blood pH regulation
C) blood clot formation
D) blood cell production
Ans: C
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57.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which refers to a membrane attached to the surface of a lung?
visceral pleura
parietal pleura
visceral peritoneum
parietal peritoneum
A
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