Download DNA and RNA Study Guide Ch. 12

Chapter 12 Study Guide
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What chemical compound was shown as the transformation factor in Avery’s experiments?
What did Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria into
mice?
What would Hershey and Chase have concluded if they had found 32P and 35S in the bacteria?
Draw a short segment of a DNA molecule showing the two types of base pairings?
What is the 5-carbon sugar found in DNA? What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
What is the relative percentage of purines to pyrimidines in a DNA molecule?
What is replication?
What is the relative proportion of new and old strands in a replicated strand of DNA molecule?
What would be the complimentary sequence of bases produced by a DNA strand with the bases CTGCCA?
Where is DNA located in eukaryotes?
What happens to the packing of nucleosomes during mitosis?
What is the name of the structure in which DNA molecules, histones, and nucleosomes are found?
What is the name of the 5-carbon sugar found in RNA?
What base replaces thymine in RNA?
What four chemical structures are common to both DNA and RNA?
How many types of RNA are there?
What types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis?
What type(s) of RNA are copied from DNA?
What nucleic acid is produced during transcription?
In what cellular structure does transcription take place?
What are pieces that are removed from an RNA molecule but have complimentary sequences in DNA?
What is the “language” of mRNA instructions called?
How many codons are needed to specify two amino acids?
Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon?
What is translation?
How are tRNA, polypeptide, and anticodon related?
During translation what determines the amino acid that is added to a growing polypeptide?
Genes contain instructions for assembling what compounds?
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
What proteins are not specified by instructions contained in genes?
What is the term for a mutation that involves a single nucleotide?
What are the three types of gene mutations?
What type of gene mutation never results in a frameshift?
What is a promoter?
What will bind at a regulatory site to determine whether a gene is expressed?
What will happen to the gene for a protein if a cell does not continually use the protein?
What does the lac operon control in the E. coli?
How does the lac repressor turn off the lac genes?
What happens when E. coli are grown on glucose?
In what type of cell are operons found?
How does cell specialization take place in eukaryotes?
Why do specialized cells regulate the expression of certain genes?
What type of genes determines an animal’s basic body plan?
How are the hox genes in different animals related?
What type of genes determines the location of a fruit fly’s antennae?
In how many directions does DNA replication proceed?
How many copies of the same gene occur when DNA is replicated?
In what nucleic acid is uracil found?
What type of bonding occurs between the nitrogenous bases of mRNA and tRNA?
What is the complimentary anticodon for the codon ACA?