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Molecules of Life
Name ________________________________
Amatuzzi
Carbs and Lipids
Online molecule discovery
Search for “Tree of Life Worksheet (student)” and find the link at concord.org.
http://www.concord.org/~btinker/workbench_web/unitIV_revised/tree_life_wrkst.html
Read the introduction on this Worksheet Index page. Start with Carbohydrates – Sucrose. Follow
instructions and read the information provided.
1. A dimer is a molecule made of _____(#) smaller molecules.
2. Which molecules make up the dimer sucrose (ordinary “table” sugar)? ________
and ________________ A dimer of simple sugars is called a
_______________
3. Which of these component molecules gives sucrose its sweet
taste? _________
4. Glucose and fructose have the same molecular formula but
different structures. This makes them _______________.
Return to Worksheet index and find Cellulose.
1. Cellulose is the main part of wood. In a tree, where is the “heartwood”? _________
2. Where is the cambrial growth layer? ___________________________ This layer
makes new xylem and phloem each year – the growth rings in a tree.
3. Click on the tree trunk to see a plant cell. What are the
green balls? ____________
4. Zoom in. Describe the microscopic appearance of
cellulose
5. Why is cellulose such a strong molecule?
_______________________________
_____________________________________________
___________________
6. What portion of vegetable mater is cellulose? ____________________
7. How many individual glucose molecules combine to make a molecule of cellulose?
__________
8. Cellulose fiber is many linear molecules held together by ________________
bonds.
Return to Worksheet index. Go to Starch. When you click on the leaf drawing, a picture of plant cells is shown.
1. What kind of microscope took this picture?
________________________________
How can you tell?
____________________________________
2. Zoom in on the plant cell. The starch bodies in which
plants store starch are called leukoplasts. Use your
Word Parts list to see what “leuk-“ means.
_________________________________.
What color is corn starch? __________________
Why is”leucoplast” a good name for an organelle that stores starch? ___________
3. Zoom into a starch molecule. How does it look different from cellulose?
_________________________________________________________________
4. Starch is made of hundreds of molecules of _________________ joined together.
Return to Worksheet index. Click on Phospholipids. Zoom in until you see the molecules making up the cell
membrane.
1. The cell membrane is made mostly of ________________ arranged in two layers,
called a ________________. Sugars are on the outside of the membrane, and
proteins are scattered within the membrane, but it the main component is molecules
of ________________________
2. The lipid molecules that make the membrane are not bonded together, but cluster to
form the layers. Zoom i. The lipids making up the membrane have a “head” which
is ____________________ the water, and two “tails”, which
_____________________ the water.
3. Why are these molecules called “phospholipids”? __________________________
Molecules of Life
Name ________________________________
Amatuzzi
Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Online molecule discovery
Search for “Tree of Life Worksheet (student)” and find the link at concord.org.
http://www.concord.org/~btinker/workbench_web/unitIV_revised/tree_life_wrkst.html
Scroll down to Proteins. Click on the links (pictures or underlined text) and follow
instructions through the section. Zoom in on each screen for more information.
Answer the questions as you proceed. (Links for zooming in allow you to click on
them). Start by clicking on the monkey.
1. What are red blood cells called? ________________________
2. What is their function? ____________________________________
3. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin? What is it? _________________
What is it made of? _________________________________________
4. How many hemoglobin molecules can be in one red blood cell? __________
5. Why is iron important for red blood cells? ___________________________
6. What is the monomer for proteins? ______________________
7. What is represented by “R” on a structural formula? ____________________
8. How many different amino acids can be used? ________________________
9. In a chain of amino acids, the “sticky points” are the _____________ bonds.
Return to Tree of Life, click on “cocoon to silk”
1. The silk strings in a cocoon are arranged into pleated sheets called
_____________
2. Which element is present in silk that is missing from some other proteins? ___
3. Name the protein in silk _________________
4. Name 3 different amino acids. ___________________________
Return to Tree of Life, click on “human hair”
1. Name the protein that makes up human hair. ____________________
2. How many coils twist together to make a filament? ______________________
3. What are the coils called (shape)? __________________________
Amatuzzi
Return to Tree of Life, click on “bee venom”
1. Name the protein in bee venom. ___________________
2. It is arranged in two sets of ______________________, which may be
bundled with (#)_____________ more helixes.
3. How do these helix bundles form a pore or channel? _________________
_______________________________________________________________
Return to Tree of Life (**DO NOT click “return to Activity 3”, but instead use back arrow
at upper left. Go to “Nucleic Acids”, click on “parrot”
1. Where in a cell is the DNA found?____________________
2. DNA fiber is called ___________________.
3. This fiber wraps around special proteins called _____________________
4. What are the “beads on a string”? _________________________________
5. How thick is a chromatin fiber? __________ nm __________ Angstroms. How
big is an Anstrom compared to a nanometer? __________________
6. DNA compacts ___________________________ its normal length.
7. Base-pairing: adenine always bonds to ________________; cytosine bonds to
______________________
8. Base pairs are held together by ____________________ bonds
9. Nucleic “building blocks” are called _________________________
10. Each monomer has three parts: _______________________________________
____________________________________
Return to Tree of Life, click on “soil bacteria”
1. Most bacterial DNA is (shape) __________________.
2. What is the shape in humans? ________________
3. How many base pairs make up a typical bacterial genome? ________________
Did you learn something new about proteins and nucleic acids?
Amatuzzi