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World War Two PowerPoint: An Overview and Canada’s Role World War Two in a Nutshell • Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Munich Agreement, Rest of Czech, Non-Aggression Pact, Poland, France, Britain, Russia, Italy, Pearl Harbour, Hong Kong, Dieppe, D-Day, Berlin, the Bomb. Rhineland • Treaty of Versailles took away land from ___________________. • The Rhine River - a great source of national pride • “unite the German People” Austria • The ______________________ • “The Sound of Music” • unite the German people • not one shot fired • Adolf Hitler’s _________________. Sudetenland • Lebensraum - ___________ for the German people. • First 1/2 of Czechoslovakia • worldwide reaction to German/Nazi/Hitler advances Munich Agreement • Great Britain’s PM Neville _______________________ “Peace in Our time” • Adolf Hitler viewed the agreement differently. • Perhaps delayed the eventual war Rest of Czechoslovakia • Hitler’s troops went against the Munich Agreement and the rest of the world realized it was just a matter of time until the war was on. Non-Aggression Pact • Russia’s leader Josef _______________ and Adolf Hitler despised one another • Stalin was getting nervous as the world stood by and watched Germany’s aggressive expansion. • Just a matter of time before they fought. • They made a deal not to attack and divide up ___________________ • world is shocked Poland • September 1st, 1939. • Hitler’s troops move into Poland and because of a previous alliance France and Great Britain declare war on Germany 2 days later. • Canada joins the war Sept ________, 1939. Enter Canada… • How did Canada’s entry to WWII differ than her entry to WWI? _________________________________________ • What new law allowed Canada to make her own decisions? ______________________________________ • Prime Minister Mackenzie King was prepared to send roughly 40 000 troops and anticipated a role as the main supplier of food and war materials for Britain Strategy: Blitzkreig • “_______________ war” • planes, paratroopers, tanks, armed forces (soldiers) • very quick form of attack • new and innovative approach to battle • other countries were still used to trenches etc. Phony War • “Sitzkrieg” (Sept 1939-May 1940) – no action • both sides ( GB + F ) and Germany build up their armies in _____________________ for war • THEN in 1940, Hitler’s modern army overran Denmark, ____________, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Soon, Hitler turned his attention to France. • France’s “Maginot _______________” May 1940: Germany turned west and invaded France and the Netherlands • Hitler studies military History • Von Schlieffen Plan is used once again. • Germany uses the Blitzkrieg and goes around the Maginot Line defenses and enter France via Belgium. • Little resistance from Belgium or France • ________ weeks later France surrenders in railway car The ‘Miracle’ of Dunkirk – May 1940 • Thousands of British troops raced across the English Channel to defend ____________. A contingent of Canadian soldiers remained in Britain to defend against the expected German invasion. • Despite Britain's valiant effort, the Germans advanced rapidly into France leaving both British and French troops ________________. • In May, 1940, British troops had to be evacuated from the seaport town of Dunkirk on the French coast. • ________________ soldiers were rescued by boats of all sizes- in addition to the British destroyers, a makeshift fleet of sightseeing boats, river ferries, fishing boats and privately owned crafts sailed across the British Channel to return the stranded troops safely back to Britain. • Despite the “miracle” it was a terrible defeat, much of the heavy British war ________________ had to be abandoned and France fell in six weeks. At this point.... • Hitler has been unstoppable • He has control over almost all of continental Europe and seems invincible • . . . He turns his attention to Britain Canada -- The Move to Centre Stage… • QUESTION: How would Hitler’s successes in Europe change Canada’s role in war? • ANSWER: Canada’s role in WWII evolved to the centre stage -_____________ became a vital lifeline to the survival of Britain -more Canadian troops sent to Britain -Canadian increased wartime industries such as food, guns, munitions, supplies and armed forces Battle of Britain: ‘The Blitz’ • First all out battle fought in the air • September 1940-May 1941, the German air force (Luftwaffe) launched repeated bombing raids on British towns and cities. This was known as the _____________ and was an attempt to bomb Britain into submission. • “never have so many owed so much to so few” (Churchill) • despite being greatly outnumbered the RAF and RCAF hold off the _________________ Operation Barbarossa, June 1941 • in May 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He decided to halt the bombing of Britain and break the Non-Aggression Pact with Russia. He betrayed ______________ and ignored the promises he had made. • Germany launches an attack against Russia in Operation Barbarossa. • This was a bold move that would prove to be an important turning point in the War. • Russia uses “scorched earth _______________” as it retreats – destroying its own property as it withdraws • Battle of Stalingrad – Russian hold off the many German attempts to capture the city The Russian Front • On August 23rd, 1939, Stalin and Hitler signed a “Non-Aggression Pact” which vowed not to interfere in each other’s business • in May 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He decided to halt the bombing of Britain and break the Non-Aggression Pact with Russia. He betrayed Stalin and ignored the promises he had made. • On June 22nd, 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet ________________ – Operation Barbarossa • Having purged his military of many of its best officers, Stalin and the Soviets were not ready for war The Eastern Front • Operation “Barbarossa” – began on June 22nd, 1941 • The early days saw the Germans drive into the Soviet Union almost reaching Moscow by October • Russia uses “scorched earth Policy” as it retreats – destroying its own _________________ (crops, buildings and bridges) as it withdraws • The German army besieged Leningrad for what was to become a two year struggle ending in the death of more than one ______________ civilians • When the severe Russian winter arrived the Nazi offensive broke down and the German attack was halted The Tide Turns • The Nazis needed supplies and resources to continue the war so victory in the Soviet Union was essential • From Sept. 14th, 1942 – Feb. 2nd, 1943 – the Germans and Russians fought for the strategic city of ___________________ on the Volga River • Hitler and the Nazis lost the battle – 500 000 German and other troops were killed or taken prisoner • By the Autumn of 1943 the Germany army of ______ million soldiers faced an army of _____ million Soviet soldiers