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Leader: Jenny Deuterostomes Course: Biology 211 Supplemental Instruction Instructor: Raich Iowa State University Date: Sunday, October 12, 2008 1. Phylum chordate and Phylum Echinodermata are the two main deuterostome phyla. 2. Fill-in-the-blank and circle the correct answer: The name “echinoderm” means spiny skin. Members of this phylum are slow/fastmoving creatures, and they have radially/bilaterally symmetrical bodies, however, their larvae are radially/bilaterally symmetrical. Their endoskeleton consists of calcareous plates and they have tube feet. Echinoderms are known to have a water vascular system which consists of hydraulic tubes that function in feeding, locomotion, and breathing. Some organisms in this phylum have a very-well developed capacity for limb regeneration (example of an organism that does this: starfish) 3. What three characteristics present in echinoderms differentiates them from the radiata? Triploblastic body plans, deuterostome embryogenesis, bilaterally symmetrical larvae 4. List the four characteristics that are present in all chordate at some point in their life cycle and describe their function: Notochord: longitudinal, flexible rod between the gut and nerve cord. It provides internal skeleton in invertebrate chordates, modified as part of a stiff jointed skeleton in vertebrates, NOT a spinal chord post-anal tail: provides propulsion in aquatic and marine species, balance and other functions in terrestrial species dorsal hollow nerve cord: other animals usually have a solid nerve cord that is ventral to the gut, forms the CNS (spinal cord and brain in vertebrates) pharyngeal slits: modified for filter-feeding in invertebrate chordates, modified for gas exchange in some (eg: fish), pharynx—the part of the digestive system just posterior to the mouth 5. Please draw the basic chordate we discussed in class and be sure to label the four chordate characteristics from #4. 6. Examples of chordate organisms fill-in-the-blank: Cephalochordates include lancelets which are small marine animals that obtain nutrition by filter feeding. Their muscles are serially arranged which is a form of segmentation. Tunicates or sea squirts are examples of urochordates. They are mostly sessile, marine organisms that filter feed. Hagfish are marine, eel-like creatures which have a cartilaginous skull, no vertebrae, no jaws, no hard bones, no paired fins, and do have four pairs of frontal tentacles. They feed by being scavengers and predators and feed on both living and dead organisms. True/false: T/F Both echinoderms and chordates have the ability to regenerate lost limbs. Review Quiz: 1. Dwarf mistletoes are flowering plants that grow on certain forest trees. They obtain nutrients and water from the vascular tissues of the trees. The trees derive no known benefits from the dwarf mistletoes. Which of the following best describes the interactions between dwarf mistletoes and trees? A. facilitation B. competition C. mutualism D. parasitism E. commensalisms 2. Annelids are abundant and successful organisms characterized accurately by all of the following except: A. some parasitic forms B. a complete digestive system C. segmentation D. a cuticle made of chitin E. a hydrostatic skeleton 3. A butterfly goes through which process below: A. flex B. complete metamorphosis C. radiate D. incomplete metamorphosis E. flux 4. Fungi are: A. heterotrophic D. saprobes B. eukaryotic E. all of the above C. made of hyphae 5. Medusa and polyp body plans are typical of which group: A. Parazoa B. Cnidaria D. Platyhelminthes E. Porifera C. Echinoderms