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President Woodrow Wilson German submarines United States (U.S) Congress German/Germany Zimmerman Telegram Germany and Mexico Zimmerman Telegram German submarines unarmed American merchant vessels/ships German/Germany Germany and Mexico German Submarines Sink American Ships, March 1917 President Woodrow Wilson submarine warfare German submarines German Germany United States (U.S.) Congress Zimmerman Telegram/Note American shipping unarmed American merchant vessels/ships declaration of war hoped to avoid war sank (sink) obtained (to get) March 1917 April 1917 German Submarines Sink American Ships, March 1917 Even after the German announcement of unrestricted submarine warfare and the publication of the Zimmerman telegram, Wilson still hoped to avoid war. He decided he would not ask Congress for a declaration unless Germany actually committed "overt acts" against American shipping. In March 1917, German submarines then sank several unarmed American merchant vessels. Wilson addressed Congress and obtained a declaration of war in early April 1917. Summary Sentence Frame: Who Does what when/where/why Summary Sentence Frame: When German submarines sank unarmed American ships, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war in April 1917. German Submarines Sink American Ships, March 1917 Even after the German announcement of unrestricted submarine warfare and the publication of the Zimmerman telegram, Wilson still hoped to avoid war. He decided he would not ask Congress for a declaration unless Germany actually committed "overt acts" against American shipping. In March 1917, German submarines then sank several unarmed American merchant vessels. Wilson addressed Congress and obtained a declaration of war in early April 1917. American Idealism—Making the World “Safe for Democracy” An idealistic Progressive, Wilson expanded the American war effort from a defense of "freedom of the seas" to a crusade for democracy. By the time that Americans entered the war in April1917, Russia had been shaken by the first of two revolutions. In April 1917, Russia was a democracy, and the Allies had become a league of democratic nations. Wilson therefore told Congress that the United States was not going to war against the German people, but against their leaders. America's aim in entering the war was to establish the ultimate peace of the world and to free its peoples: “The world must be made safe for democracy.” Most Americans found it inspiring to endure the rigors of the war for such high-minded ideals. With a strong sense of moral superiority, they set out to save and remake the world. American Idealism—Making the World “Safe for Democracy” President Wilson crusade for democracy “The world must be made safe for democracy.” high-minded ideals inspiring save and remake the world crusade for democracy President Woodrow Wilson The Selective Service Act conscientious objectors The committee of public information (CPI) Propaganda Mobilization Allied leaders in Europe hoped that the United States would send fresh troops to fill their own ranks. Instead, Wilson announced he would keep American troops together as the million-man American Expeditionary Force (AEF). The AEF was placed under the command of General Pershing-the same general whom Wilson had unsuccessfully sent into Mexico chasing Pancho Villa. Despite more than three years of conflict across the Atlantic, Americans were not prepared for war in April1917. The first task ahead was mobilizing (bringing into use) America's vast resources. The Selective Service Act Wilson hesitated between raising a voluntary army or relying on conscription. He finally decided on conscription (or compulsory military service, also known as the "draft"). Because the notion of "service" was in the air, Congress called its conscription law the "Selective Service Act." Ten million men immediately registered for the "draft”. Dates of birthdays were chosen out of a glass jar to determine the order which men would be called to serve. Eventually almost three million men were drafted into the armed services, while another two million volunteered. Some men refused to serve because it violated their religious beliefs to kill others. These men became known as conscientious objectors. Even if they weren't prepared to fight, they were still expected to report to military camp if they were drafted. Many conscientious objectors were sent to France to serve in noncombatant roles, such as driving an ambulance or caring for the wounded. Others were permitted to work on farms in the United States, where there was a shortage of labor, or to serve as fire fighters. Still others were assigned to the American Friends Service Committee, a Quaker organization that provided different forms of alternative service for conscientious objectors. Several hundred conscientious objectors were imprisoned during the war. Some of these were subjected to unfair treatment, and two even died at the hands of their jailers. Mobilization Wilson American Expeditionary Force (AEF) first task ahead mobilizing America's vast resources The Selective Service Act Selective Service Act/Conscription/the draft/serve/service Conscientious objectors The committee of public information (CPI) Propaganda keep American troops together