Download APES Review Packet 2

APES Review Packet 2
Using an AP Environmental Science review Book or your text book, complete the following:
Take notes on chapters 6-10 of Miller. The following is a partial list of ideas and concepts
that should be included:
Climate/Terrestrial/Aquatic Biodiversity
Chapters 6-7
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Weather
Climate
Ocean Currents
El Nino/La Nina
Biodiversity in terrestrial biomes
Biodiversity in aquatic biomes (saltwater and freshwater systems)
Ch 8: Community Structure & Species Diversity
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Community Ecology: Spp diversity / niche structure, Island biogeography relation to nature
reserves
Types of spp: native, non native (exotic, invasive, pest), indicator, keystone, foundation
Spp. Interactions: competition (intra / inter specific), predator prey cycles, parasitism,
mutualism, commensalism, amensalism
Succession: Primary / secondary, pioneer, mid, late climax communities, spp. composition
affected by facilitation, inhibition, tolerance
Ecological Stability: related to complexity & biodiversity, dynamic equilibrium
Ch 9: Population Dynamics & Carrying Capacity
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Pop distribution (clumping, uniform, random)
Determining pop size: equation, biotic potential (r = intrinsic rate of increase, K = carrying
capacity)
Growth curves: exponential, logistic, overshoot & recovery (crash, time lag, MVP)
Density dependant vs density independent population controls
Population fluctuations: stable, irruptive, cyclic, irregular
Reproductive patterns: r vs K selected, survivorship curves, life tables
Genetic variation w/ population size: bottleneck, founder effect, genetic drift, inbreeding,
metapopulations (& corridors)
Human impacts: destruction / fragmentation of habitat, imports (ornamentals / invasive
exotics), overharvesting, overgrazing, hunting, Ecological restoration
Ch 10: Applying Population Ecology: The Human Population
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Crude birth & death rates for various countries (MDC’s vs LDC’s)
Calculations: population change, annual rate of natural pop change %, rule of 70
Fertility: replacement level, TFR, compare LDC’S & MDC’S, how is USA odd? Baby boom,
empowerment of women & fertility rates, birth control & family planning
Death Rates: Life expectancy, Infant mortality
Immigration & demographics of a nation
Age Structure Diagrams: See pg 184 -185. Be able to read & interpret each type.
Population Decline: Good or bad?
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How are India & China managing their population issues?
Multiple Choice Questions
Fill in the blank with the correct plate boundary: *answers can be used more than once or not at all
a. Convergent
b. Subvergent
c. Transform Fault
d. Divergent
e. Transvergent
1.
If you were at plate boundary where mountains were created, you would be at a ____ boundary.
2.
If you were at plate boundary where plates moved apart, you would be at a ____ boundary.
3.
If you were at plate boundary where plates slide past each other, you would be at a ____ boundary.
4.
If you were at a plate boundary that formed due to magma upwelling, you would be at a ____ boundary.
5.
If you were at a plate boundary with a deep ocean trench and lots of volcanoes, you would be at a ____
boundary.
6.
An example of physical weathering is…
a. A piece of metal rusting outside
b. Acidic water reacting on rock
c. A tree root breaking apart a rock
d. The orange crust commonly seen on rocks in North Carolina.
7.
The movement of one plate under another will most likely result in which of the following?
a. mantle plumes
b. transform fault earthquakes
c. mid-ocean ridges
d. volcanoes
The next 4 questions refer to the graph below, which shows different phases related to the birth and death rates for a
typical human population over time.
The next 4 questions refer to the graph below, which shows different phases related to the birth and death rates for a
typical human population over time.
Phase
I
Phase
II
Phase
III
50
Rate
(deaths or
births per
1000)
Birth
Death
10
Time
A
Phase
IV
8. .
9.
Zero population growth is associated with
a. Phase I only
b. Phase II only
c. Phase III only
d.
e.
f.
Phase IV only
Phases I and IV
Phases II and III
After rising from near-zero growth, the rate of population growth starts to slow down at which point?
a. The end of phase I
d. The middle of phase III
b. The beginning of phase II
e. The end of phase III
c. The middle of phase II
f. The middle of phase IV
10. Which of the following is most likely the primary cause of high death rates in phase I?
a. Loss of breeding-age males due to warfare
d. Infant and childhood mortality
b. Loss of breeding-age females due to disease
e. General starvation due to a year of famine
c. Large percentage of elderly individuals in the population
11.
What is the approximate natural rate of increase (R) for the population at Time A?
a. 40
c. 4.0%
b. 40%
d. 400%
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12. Compared with people in developing countries, people in industrialized countries are more likely to eat:
a. Beans
d. Rice
b. Beef
e. Wheat
c. Corn
13. The current world population is closest to which of the following?
a. 1 million
b. 500 million
c. 1 billion
d.
e.
5 billion
10 billion
14.. In a human population undergoing demographic transition, which of the following generally decreases first?
a. Birth rate
19. Nation with the largest ecological footprint per
b. Death rate
capita.
c. Average family size
20. A growing elderly population, the high cost of
d. Life expectancy
childrearing, and a strong cultural desire for
e. Level of education
ethnic purity (i.e. no
immigration) are challenges facing this nation.
Match the nation to the descriptions provided. Answers
can be used more than once or not at all.
A. Japan
For questions 21-25 match the descriptions provided to
B. United States
C. Kenya
the given relationships between organisms.
D. India
a. Commensalism
15. Current population growth issue in northern
b. Mutualism
***For all ma
c. Predation
states of this nation relate to the lack of
more than
d. Amensalism
empowerment of women.
e. Parasitism
f. Competition
16. Only country listed with a declining population.
17. Faces a significant loss of reproductive
population due to HIV/AIDS.
18. Even though fertility is slightly below
replacement level, this nation’s population keeps
growing due to
immigration.
21.
Ticks feeding on a deer.
22.
23.
24.
Starlings displacing bluebirds from nesting sites.
Herds of antelope trampling down grasses.
Bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another.
25. Moss growing on a tree trunk in a forest.
For questions 26-32 use the following possible answers:
a. R-selected species
b. K-selected species
26. . First colonist to show up during primary succession.
27. . More likely to show parental care of young.
28. Best suited to a frequently disturbed ecosystem.
29. This type of species would make a better indicator species for small environmental changes.
30. On the basis a parental care, a kangaroo would be classified as this type of species.
31. A dandelion would be an example of this type of species.
32. More likely to be a specialist.
For questions 33-37, match the following succession terms and classifications to the descriptions
provided:
c. Facilitation
d. Inhibition
e. Tolerance
f. Primary Succession
g. Secondary Succession
33. Decaying remnants of horseweed roots reduce the growth rate of newly-colonized aster
flowers.
34. This type of succession would occur when a submerged volcano reaches the ocean surface,
creating a new island.
35. This type of succession occurs when an agricultural field is left uncultivated.
36. Pine litter protects acorns from drying out.
37. This type of succession starts with an ecosystem that does not have any soils remaining after
the disturbance.
38. If a population grows at an annual growth rate of 7%, what is the doubling time in years?
a.
b.
c.
1000 years
490 years
70 years
d.
10 years
e.
7 years
Short Answer:
A population of 100 endangered flying squirrels has a 10 –year growth rate of 5.0%.
How many years until there are 400 squirrels?