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BIO 142 Final November 2007
Name____________________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Feel free to explain
your answer in the margin if you feel that is necessary (e.g., no answer seems correct or two answers seem
correct) ( 2 points each)
____
1. The ability of an intact ecosystem, such as a wetland, to buffer against flooding and remove
pollutants from water is an example of
a. Direct economic value
c. Indirect economic value
b. Aesthetic value
d. None of the above
____
2. Organisms that produce huge numbers of eggs per year may be characterized as
a. r-selected and having a type I survivorship c. K-selected and having a type II
curve
survivorship curve
b. K-selected and having a type I
d. r-selected and having a type III
survivorship curve
survivorship curve
____
3. The most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the:
a. Angiosperms
c. coniferophytes
b. Bryophytes
d. gymnosperms
____
4. Approximately how much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?
a. 10 percent
c. 90 percent
b. 30 percent
d. 200 percent
____
5. Which of the following obeys the rules for writing Latin binomials?
a. Barack Obama
c. Rudi Giuliani
b. osama Yomama
d. Shakira shakira
____
6. Which of the following sets of values would result in a population with a growth rate of zero?
a. b= 1000, d=500, i=0, e=1000
c. b= 1000, d=500, i=500, e=1000
b. b= 1000, d=500, i=1500, e=1000
d. b= 1000, d=500, i=1000, e=1000
____
7. The world human population has increased dramatically during the past few centuries due to:
a. decreased death rates
c. increased birth rates
b. increased immigration
d. increased natural resources
____
8. Which of the following human activities have contributed to the extinction of one or more
species?
a. Habitat destruction
c. Introduced species (exotics)
b. Commercial hunting
d. All of the above
____
9. In ciliates, the macronucleus is used for _____, while the micronucleus is used for _____.
a. movement, growth
c. conjugation, transduction
b. reproduction, feeding
d. metabolism, sex
____ 10. A ____________ is a tangled mat of hyphae.
a. Mycelium
b. Spongium
c. zygospore
d. sporangium
____ 11. A life cycle that includes both a multicellular haploid and a multicellular diploid stage exhibits
a. sexual dimorphism
c. polyspermy
b. alternation of generations
d. polyploidy
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____ 12. The breakup of large areas of habitat into small, isolated patches is referred to as:
a. Habitat fragmentation
c. Reductionism
b. Biogegraphy
d. Islandification
____ 13. Protists may move by pushing out cytoplasmic extensions known as:
a. Cilia
c. flagella
b. Pili
d. pseudopodia
____ 14. A dikaryon is
a. the same as a diploid
b. a pair of haploid cells
c. a cell with two different haploid nuclei
d. none of the above
____ 15. Edge effects include
a. Increased wind
b. Increased predation
c. increased light penetration
d. all of the above
____ 16. Proximate causes of behavior are immediate causes that include all of the following types of
process, except:
a. Genetic
c. evolutionary
b. Physiological
d. developmental
____ 17. Which of the following are considered benefits of multicellularity?
a. Reduced mass-specific metabolic rate
c. Improved ability to escape predation
b. Differentiation into specialized tissues
d. All of the above
____ 18. Liverworts and hornworts share most of their life cycle characteristics with
a. Mosses
c. club mosses
b. Ferns
d. horsetails
____ 19. In angiosperms, the "second" product from "double fertilization" is
a. The seed coat
c. The flower
b. The endosperm
d. The fruit
____ 20. Which of the following is true about the Ginkgophyta?
a. The phylum is represented by a single
c. The largest living representative of this
extant species.
phylum in the state of Iowa is growing on
the Cornell College campus!
b. They are gymnosperms.
d. All of the above are true.
____ 21. When forest habitat is fragmented, which of the following occurs?
a. Populations of interior species will
c. The habitat will become cooler and
increase because there are now more
moister on average
patches
b. Edge effects will disproportionately
d. All of the above
impact small fragments
____ 22. Terrestrial plants obtain their carbon from:
a. Earth
b. Air
c. fire
d. water
____ 23. Which of the following domains contains more than one kingdom?
a. Archaea
c. Eukarya
b. Eubacteria
d. Protista
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BIO 142 Final November 2007
Name____________________________________
____ 24. Which of the following phyla of fungi produces gametes?
a. Ascomycota
c. Chytridomycota
b. Basidiomycota
d. Deuteromycota
____ 25. Evidence that human population growth rate has been accelerating includes
a. the growth curve continues to get steeper c. doubling time has increased each doubling
b. the growth curve has flattened out
d. doubling time had deceased each doubling
____ 26. Bilateral symmetry
a. is associated with cephalization
b. is associated with an active lifestyle
c. occurs when there is only one plane along
which an organism can be split to produce
two mirror-image halves
d. all of the above
____ 27. Zero population growth occurs when
a. age structure is pyramid-shaped
b. doubling time is zero
c. births equal deaths
d. populations are above carrying capacity
____ 28. The cell walls of fungi are composed of:
a. Cellulose
b. Peptidoglycan
c. chitin
d. none of the above
____ 29. Population growth is density dependent if
a. p2+2pq+q2 = 1
b. Nt=N0ert
c. per capita vital rates vary with population
density
d. dN/dt = rN
____ 30. The phyla of Fungi can be distinguished by their
a. Sexual reproductive structures
c. Hyphae
b. Mycelia
d. All of the above
____ 31. The logistic equation
a. models a J-shaped growth curve
c. predicts that populations will never
decline
b. takes into account the carrying capacity of d. models unrestrained exponential growth
the environment
Problems
32. Create a dichotomous key that discriminates among the following kingdoms (listed below in
alphabetic order):
Animalia, Archaebacteria, Fungi, Viridiplantae
For maximum credit, use the fewest couplets possible, use characteristics that are clearly defining
for each taxon, and create a key that reflects branching patterns one would see in a cladogram of
these taxa. (4 points)
1.
2.
3.
4.
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When discussing the evolution of cooperation, I introduced haplodiploidy, the sex determination
mechanism of hymenoptera. In haplodiploid organisms, females are produced from fertilized
eggs and are diploid, while males are produced from unfertilized eggs and are haploid. I said that
this results in females having an average relatedness to their sisters of 0.75, but to their mothers
by 0.5
33. Diagram meiosis and/or the production of gametes for a diploid female and a haploid male and
use these gametes to prove that haplodiploid females share, on average, 75% of their alleles with
their sisters and 50% with their mother. Let the mother be Aa, while the father has a third allele,
call it  (alpha
at the A locus. Show both parents' cells (1) before and (2) after DNA
replication, (3) after meiosis I (or mitosis if appropriate -- please think about this) and (4) all
gametes produced by both sexes. Show (5) the genotypes of all possible female progeny and (6)
their ratios. Then (7) show all possible combinations of genotypes of pairs of sisters and (8) the
proportion of alleles shared within each pair. What is (9) the average relatedness (i.e., proportion
of alleles shared) for sisters? What is (10) the relatedness of each daughter to her mother?
(10 points)
34. I brought up haplodiploidy in the context of altruism and "Hamilton's Rule". Use Hamilton's rule
to explain why haplodiploid organisms are more likely to be eusocial than diploid organisms. Be
sure to explain all terms in Hamilton's rule.
(5 points)
Essays: I recommend thinking first, then writing a brief outline before you begin writing.
Please write in complete sentences. Think about spelling. Use paragraph structure if necessary. Illustrate your
answer if helpful or if explicitly directed to do so. Be very explicit (e.g., don’t assume I know what you are
talking about, but explain it to me). Be sure you answer the question that is asked.
35. Compare and contrast the various modes of viral replication discussed in class: (lytic, lysogenic,
"normal" RNA virus, and retrovirus). Any processes that are common to all viruses may be
described once. Be sure to include how the viral nucleic acids are replicated and any special viral
enzymes that are required for each process. (10 points)
36. Discuss three of the major evolutionary novelties in the plant kingdom. For each, include a
description of the structure, the group in which it appears to have arisen (or at least to have
become a common feature), and how the structure serves to solve a problem associated with
terrestrial life. (10 Points)
Define: (2 points each)
37. Bycatch
38. Lek
Extra Credit Complete the following limericks (limerick) \'lim-(û-)rik\ n [Limerick, Ireland]: a
humorous, rhyming, and often bawdy verse of five lines, in which the first two lines form a
rhyming couplet. The third and fourth lines, which are shorter than the first two, form a second
rhyming couplet, and the last line rhymes with the first couplet.): (2 points each)
39. When I realized the size of my footprint...
40. Super extra bonus limerick! (2 points)
I was taught about intelligent designers
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