Download ESL 1 Review Chapters 8 9 10 11 Plate Tectonics Term/Concept

ESL 1 Review Chapters 8 9 10 11
Plate Tectonics
Term/Concept
Plate Boundary
Explanation
Location where two tectonic plates meet
Tectonic plates are always moving very slowly:

Convergent:
toward each
other

Divergent:
away from
each other

Transform:
slide past
each other
Fault Line
Cracks in Earth’s crust where rocks on each
side have slid past each other
Earthquakes are likely to occur here.
Diagram
Seafloor
Bottom of the ocean
Seafloor spreading happens at the bottom of
the ocean when tectonic plates move apart at
divergent boundaries. The ocean floor widens
when magma comes up between the plates
and hardens.
Mid-Ocean Ridge/
Oceanic Ridge
Underwater mountain range formed by
tectonic plates moving away from each other
at a divergent boundary
Rocks near the ridge are the youngest.
Rocks further away from the ridge are the
oldest.
Topographic Maps
Term/Concept
Landform
Explanation
Natural features of the earth’s surface
Examples: plains, valleys, mountains,
plateaus, hills, canyons, volcanoes
Elevation
Distance above sea level
Each contour line on a topographic map shows
a different elevation.
Topographic Map
Shows the elevation (height) and the shape of
the land
Circles inside circles show hills or mountains.
Contour lines close together show where the
land is steep.
Diagram
Profile View
How an object looks from the side
Aerial View
How an object looks from above
Weather and Oceans
Term/Concept
Convection
Explanation
Transfer of energy through matter such as air or
water
When a gas or liquid is heated, it warms,
expands, and rises because it is less dense.
When it cools, it becomes denser and falls. This
warming and rising and cooling and falling
creates a convection current.
Conduction
Transfer of heat through objects that are
touching each other
Conduction works well in solids because the
atoms are close together. Convection works
poorly in liquids and gases because the atoms
are further apart.
Boundary
Shows where one area ends and another
different area begins
Diagram
Air Mass
Large body of air that has the same
temperature, humidity, and pressure
Continental = over land; dry
Maritime = over water; moist
Polar = near poles; cold
Tropical = near equator; hot
cA – Continental Arctic
cP – Continental Polar
cT – Continental Tropical
mP – Maritime Polar
mT – Maritime Tropical
Front
A boundary between two air masses with
different temperatures where most storms
form
Weather Map Symbols:
Sea Breeze
During the day, land heats up very quickly and
the air above it warms up faster than the air over
the ocean. The warm air above land rises, and
the cooler air above the ocean moves in to take
its place.
Land Breeze
During the night, the air over the land quickly
loses its heat, while the air over the ocean stays
warmer. The warm air above the ocean rises,
and the cooler air above the land moves over
the ocean to take its place.
Atlantic Ocean
2nd largest ocean
The Atlantic Ocean separates North and South
America on the west from Europe and Asia on
the east.
Hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean form near the
equator where the water is warm.
Ocean Currents
Like huge rivers within the ocean, flowing from
one place to another
Ocean



Hurricane
currents are caused by:
differences in temperature
differences in salinity (amount of salt)
wind
Huge storm that can be up to 600 miles
across, have wind speeds up to 200 mph, and
last over a week
Hurricanes get energy from warm ocean
waters.
Hurricanes form in tropical regions where the
ocean water is at least 80 degrees F.