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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
ANNEXURE – II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
1
Name of the Candidate and
Miss MERIN SUSAN JOHN
Address
1ST YEAR M.Sc NURSING
[In Block Letters]
ALVA’S COLLEGE OF
NURSING MOODBIDRI
2.
ALVA’S COLLEGE OF
Name of the Institution
NURSING MOODBIDRI
3.
Course of the Study,
1ST YEAR M.Sc NURSING
Subject
OBSTETRICS AND
GYNAECOLOGICAL
NURSING
4.
Date of Admission to Course
5.
Title of the Topic
2-06-2009
A Study to assess the knowledge regarding warning signs in
pregnancy among antenatal mothers attending out patient department in
selected hospitals of Mangalore Taluk with a view to prepare an
information booklet.
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6.
Brief Resume of the Intended work:
6.1 Need for the Study
“The only good is knowledge and the only evil is ignorance.”
Socrates
According to UNICEF, every year about 78,000 mothers die in child
birth and from pregnancy related complications in India. The maternal mortality
rate in India is 450 per 100,000 live births.1One of the most important
responsibilities of care providers is to alert the pregnant women to signs and
symptoms that indicate potential complications of pregnancy 2.
A descriptive study was conducted to assess woman’s awareness of
danger signs of obstetric complications among 118 Tanzanian pregnant women in
2009.Among them more than 98% of women attended antenatal clinic atleast
once. The percentage of women who knew atleast one danger sign during
pregnancy was 26%,during delivery 23% and after delivery 40%.The study
revealed that the women had low awareness of danger signs of obstetrical
complications and recommended to improve quality of counseling and involving
other family members in antenatal and postnatal care.3
A study was conducted to assess the knowledge of women about
obstetric complications and care among 329 married women in a remote coastal
community in Karachi in 1999.The findings indicate a poor knowledge of
common and serious pregnancy related complications among the participants and
5% of women perceived absent or decreased fetal movement as a danger sign of
pregnancy. Other reported danger signs include premature uterine contractions by
3%,convulsion by 13%,obstructed labor by 23% and bleeding by 39%.The study
concluded that there is a clear need to create awareness regarding obstetric
complications4.
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If the woman is alert about warning signs during pregnancy, further
complications can be prevented. So the investigator felt it timely and appropriate
to conduct a study to identify the knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding
warning signs in pregnancy and to educate them on warning signs in pregnancy.
6.2 Review of literature: -
A cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the birth
preparedness and complication readiness among 394 antenatal mothers attending
antenatal care clinic in Kenya in 2006.The study showed that 87.3% 0f
respondents were aware of their expected date of delivery .About 67% 0f
respondents knew atleast one danger sign. The study concluded that the
respondents knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy was low and education
and counseling on different aspects of birth preparedness is highly needed for the
respondents5.
A descriptive study was conducted to find out the coverage of maternal
care services in the state of West Bengal, India in the year 2001.It was observed
that the mothers who had three or more antenatal checkups varied between 54%
to 82%.Danger sign of pregnancy was communicated to only 21.1% to 38.2%.6
A study was conducted to explore primigravida’s knowledge of
obstetric complications among 33 primigravidas in rural health center in the
district of Blantyre,Malawi in 2002.Findings showed that participants had limited
knowledge of complications that may need immediate treatment,82% of
primigravidae had some knowledge and could make an informed decision to go
to a health facility with pregnancy complications. And in that 61% of
primigravidae had knowledge and could make an informed decision to go to a
health facility with complication after delivery. These findings have critical
implications for the provision of information on obstetric complications.7
3
A study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of
pregnancy induced hypertension among 70 Iranian pregnant women before and
after implementing an educational program in the year 2006.The score of
knowledge of risk factors, signs and symptoms before and after education was
44+20.3 and 76.4+16.5 respectively. About 52% of mothers showed low and very
low level of knowledge. The study summarized that there is a necessity to have
special education on pregnancy induced hypertension especially to those who are
not at risk8.
A descriptive study was conducted to explore the existing knowledge
about warning signs during pregnancy among 100 pregnant women in Spain. A
seventeen item multiple choice questionnaire regarding alarm signs during
pregnancy was administered to the samples. The analysis focused on the
proportion of correct responses, applying different statistical tests according to
the nature of the variables. In step wise multiple regression, years of education
explained 8.1% of variance of correct responses, the number of pregnancies 5.5%
and gestational age 6.6%.The study concluded that patients with least obvious
alarm signs failed the most items in the alarm sign questionnaire.9
6.3 Problem Statement: -
A Study to assess the knowledge regarding warning signs in pregnancy
among antenatal mothers attending outpatient department in selected hospitals of
Mangalore Taluk with a view to prepare an information booklet.
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6.4 Objectives of the study: -
The objectives of the study are to:
1. determine the level of knowledge regarding warning signs in pregnancy
among antenatal mothers.
2. to find out the association between knowledge scores regarding warning
signs in pregnancy among antenatal mothers and selected demographic
variables.
3. to develop and validate an information booklet on warning signs in
pregnancy.
6.5 Operational definitions: -
1.
Knowledge: In this study knowledge refers to correct response to the items in
a structured knowledge questionnaire on warning signs of pregnancy.
2.
Warning signs: In this study it refers to the signs such as bleeding from
vagina,edema of face, arms and legs, failure to gain weight, pallor, severe
vomiting, high fever, sudden watery discharge from vagina, decreased fetal
movements and premature labor pain, which have an adverse effect on the
mothers health as well as the outcome of pregnancy.
3.
Pregnancy: In this study pregnancy refers to a state of carrying a developing
embryo or fetus within the female body.
4.
Antenatal mothers: In this study antenatal mothers refers to pregnant
mothers who are attending outpatient department for antenatal checkup.
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5.
6.
Information booklet:. In this study information booklet refers to printed
material which contain facts regarding warning signs in pregnancy so as to
gain knowledge.
7.
Out patient department: In this study it refers to a hospital department
which is primarily designed to enable consultants and members of their team
to see out patients.
6.6 Assumptions: The study assumes that:
1. antenatal mothers may possess some knowledge regarding warning signs
in pregnancy.
2. acquiring knowledge regarding warning signs in pregnancy is a
prerequisite for early detection of complications in pregnancy.
3. an information booklet on warning signs in pregnancy can improve the
knowledge of antenatal mothers..
6.7 Delimitations: The study is limited to:
1. antenatal mothers who are attending outpatient departments.
6.8 Projected Outcome (Hypothesis):The study is based on the hypothesis
H1:- There will be significant association between knowledge scores of
antenatal mothers regarding warning signs in pregnancy and selected
demographic variables
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MATERIAL AND METHOD: 7.1 SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from antenatal mothers attending outpatient
department in selected hospitals of Mangalore Taluk.
7.1.1 Research Approach
The research approach is descriptive survey approach.
7.1.2 Research design
The research design adopted is non experimental desciptive design.
7.1.3 Settings
Setting consists of outpatient department of selected hospitals of
Mangalore Taluk.
7.1.4 Population
Population for the study consists of antenatal mothers attending
outpatient department in selected hospitals of Mangalore Taluk.
7.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
7.2.1 Sampling procedure
Sampling procedure selected is Non-probability Convenient
Sampling.
7.2.2 Sampling size
Sample size consists of 60 antenatal mothers who are attending
outpatient department for antenatal checkup.
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7.2.3 Inclusion criteria for sampling
1. Antenatal mothers of all gestational age, attending outpatient department
for antenatal check up.
2. Antenatal mothers who are able to read and write kannada.
3. Antenatal mothers who are willing to participate in the study.
7.2.4 Exclusion criteria for sampling
1. Antenatal mothers who are not able to read and write Kannada.
2. Antenatal mothers who are hospitalized.
7.2.5 Instruments used
Tool 1: Demographic proforma.
Tool 2: Structured knowledge questionnaire on warning signs in pregnancy.
7.2.6 Data collection method
Data will be collected from 60 antenatal mothers by administration of
demographic proforma and structured knowledge questionnaire on warning
signs in pregnancy.
7.2.7 Plan of data analysis: Data will be analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics
1. Demographic data will be analyzed using frequency and percentage.
2. Knowledge score will be analyzed by computing frequency, percentage,
mean, median, mean percentage and standard deviation.
3. Chi-square test will be used for finding out the association between
knowledge scores and selected demographic variables.
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7.3 Does the study require any investigation to be conducted on patient or
other human or animals? If so please describe briefly?
Yes, administration of structured knowledge questionnaire and
information booklet.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Yes, ethical clearance has been obtained from the concerned authority.
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8.
LIST OF REFERENCES:
1.
http://vikrantshukla.blogspot.com/2009/01.
2.
Deitra LL,Shannon EP,maternity and women’s health care.Mosby
publishers:USA ed 8.p.435.
3.
Pembe AB,Urassa DP,Carlstedt A,Landmark G,Nystorm L,Darj
E.Rural Tanzanian women’s awareness of danger signs of obstetric
complications.BMC pregnancy and child birth 2009 Mar;9(12).
4.
Hasan IJ,Nisar N.womens perceptions regarding obstetric
complications and care in a poor fishing community in
Karachy.Journal of PMA 2002;(52):148-152.
5.
Mutiso SM,Qureshi,kunuthia J.Birth preparedness among antenatal
clients.East Afr Med J 2008 jun;85(6)
6.
Sinha RN,Dasgupta S,Pal D,Mandal NK,Karmakar PR.Coverage of
maternal care services in the state of West Bengal.Indian J Publ
Health 2001 oct;45(4):116-121.
7.
Kumbani L,Inerney Mc.knowledge of obstetric complications among
primi gravida in rural health centre in the district of
Blantyre,Malawi.Curationis 2002 Aug 25(3)43-54
8.
Derakshan E,Shadzi S,Derakshan F,Sabet B,Derakshan R,Ansarcan
HR.Knowledge of pregnancy induced hypertension in Iranian
pregnant women and the effect of simple educationalinventional
measures,Int Med J 2006 Jun 5(1)
9.
Ortigosa E,Krivitzky S.Factors related to the recognition of alarm
signals during pregnancy,Ginecol obstet mex 1996 Feb 64:90-96.
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