Download Physio Lab Unit 1 Exam Review

Physio Lab Unit 1 Exam Review
By the way: Review your Anatomy of nervous system to be able to do HW unit 2
Know Conversions
Calculate converting g% to osmolality and osmolality to g%.
Conversions of deciliters to milliliters to liters, etc
Know about osmotic pressure
Put two solutions next to each other, separated by a membrane:
Know which solutes can move, that we covered in lab.
Know that the solute that cannot move has highest osmotic pressure.
If neither can move but one can dissociate, it will be higher in osmotic pressure.
Example solutes are Calcium, sodium chloride, etc. I will give you the molecular weight.
Know the membrane transport lecture
Review membrane transport, osmosis, secondary active transport, primary transport.
This type of transport directly uses ATP: Primary active
This type of transport has a Vmax (requires a proteins that binds): primary and secondary
Once the channel is open, it is simple diffusion, has no Vmax
Endocrine System
Know the HPT, HPA, and HPG axes , and everything you did in PhysioEx
Know the diseases, such as Graves Disease, Hashimoto’s, Cushing’s, PKU
Hyperpigmentation does not mean they have Addison’s disease; if they also have high sugar levels, it
means the pituitary is over-secreting.
Hematology
Blood typing, HDN
Person with blood type x, what blood can they receive?
To whom can they donate?
When considering blood transfusion, who are you most concerned about: donor or recipient, and why?
Who do you treat for HDN? Baby. How do you treat?
Who do you prevent HDN in? Mom. How do you treat?
Blood Typing
Know normal RBC values: MCV, MCH, MCHC, Hct, etc. Know definitions and normal values.
In the blood lab, did RBC and WBC counts. Had to figure out if blood was anemic, and what kind of
anemia? Having a low Hct is not enough to diagnose anemia. Are the RBCs small, big, normochromic or
hypochromic? Need MCV, MCH, MCHC, to help with diagnosis.
Hematocrit
How can you calculate Hct with a ruler? Get that math correct: RBC divided by the entire tube volume.
Hemoglobin test on the paper: don’t forget the math and units. Multiply the number from the
hemoglobin paper by 1.34 ml of oxygen by every gram (g%), and the correct unit is mlO2%.
Short answer question: If you calculate using 1.34 the mlO2%, and the answer is not within the normal
range of 18-21 (normal O2 carrying capacity range), and it is too low, what is the condition? Anemia.
I will tell you RBC’s look a certain way, and the g% of hemoglobin, and you figure out the O2 carrying
capacity. What types of anemia can cause this problem? For example, Normochromic can’t be iron
deficiency.
Remember: MCH/MCV = MCHC
Example: cells are megaloblastic, but MCH is normal. What does that mean for MVC and MCHV?
If I give you two of them, you tell me how the third one changes.
What if O2 carrying capacity is high? Polycythemia.
Can’t keep their iron in a reduced state, have not eaten fava beans, what would RBCs look like? Normal
size and shape, everything is normal. Their anemia is from increased turnover.
Which anemia’s have a higher removal rate (megaloblastic or iron deficiency)
Hemolytic anemia’s have normal looking RBC’s. Might just be snake venom destroying them.
Talquist gives you g%, but take it a step further and figure out what anemia they have.
Hct, Talquist, and RBC count tells you what category anemia they have.
Know what test you have to do to distinguish which anemia.
Know the purpose of the equipment: centrifuge, etc.
Blood Cell Counting
I will tell you the results of your blood count data (volume of the squares, how many squares counted,
how many you counted; use that to calculate the actual cell count.
Know about how bubbles in various locations affect the cell count.
What happens if there was a bubble in you pipette? Drew up less, diluted less, cell count would be more
or less? What if the bubble was on your hemocytometer?
Kidney failure: What hormone is compromised? (EPO) and what condition will result? Anemia