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1. Sponges feed by _____. (Concept 33.1 ) Your Answer: filtering small particles from water Correct. Sponges trap food from the water circulating through their porous bodies. 2. Sponges lack _____. (Concept 33.1 ) Your Answer: all of the above Correct. Sponges have no nerves or muscles, and they are suspension feeders that trap food from water circulated through their porous bodies. 3. Some digestion in sponges takes place in the _____. (Concept 33.1 ) Your Answer: amoebocytes Correct. Amoebocytes digest the food that sponges pick up from water and from choanocytes. 4. Which characteristic is not true of sponges? (Concept 33.1 ) Your Answer: All of the above are characteristics of sponges. Correct. The asymmetrical body of a sponge consists of two layers of cells separated by a gelatinous region, called the mesohyl. Water is drawn through pores into a central cavity, where food is trapped by flagellated collar cells. 5. Which one of following features is characteristic of the poriferan (sponge) body plan or life history? (Concept 33.1 ) Your Answer: motile larvae Correct. Zygotes develop into flagellated, swimming larvae that disperse from the parent. 6. Some cnidarians go through both a motile and a sessile (attached) stage during their life cycle. The attached stage is called a(n) _____. (Concept 33.2 ) Your Answer: polyp Correct. Sessile polyps are cylindrical forms that attach to a substratum and extend their tentacles, waiting for prey. 7. Through what means do coral animals capture their food? (Concept 33.2 ) Your Answer: tentacles that trap food particles Correct. Coral animals, like all cnidarians, have tentacles armed with batteries of stinging cells called cnidocytes. They use those tentacles to capture prey and push food into the gastrovascular cavity. 8. _____ are members of the phylum _____ and feed by _____. (Concept 33.2 ) Your Answer: Corals ... Cnidaria ... using stinging cells to capture small animals that venture too close to them Correct. Cnidaria, including coral animals, have tentacles armed with cnidocytes, unique stinging cells that function in defense and in the capture of prey. 9. Jellies and corals are members of the same _____, all members of which _____. (Concept 33.2 ) Your Answer: phylum ... have special stinging cells on their tentacles Correct. Jellies and coral animals are cnidarians, which have tentacles armed with batteries of stinging cells called cnidocytes. 10. The choanocyte of a sponge and the nematocyst of a cnidarian both function in _____. (Concept 33.2 ) Your Answer: obtaining food Correct. Lining the inside of a spongocoel are flagellated choanocytes, which trap food particles. Nematocysts are stinging capsules that function in defense and in the capture of prey. 11. Which of the following statements does not describe the phylum Cnidaria? (Concept 33.2 ) Your Answer: This phylum has more species than any other phylum. Correct. The phylum Arthropoda has more species than any other phylum. 12. Tapeworms are highly specialized worms that make their living as endoparasites. To which of the following phyla and classes do the tapeworms belong? (Concept 33.3 ) Your Answer: phylum Platyhelminthes, class Cestoidea Correct. Tapeworms are platyhelminths and belong to the class Cestoidea. 13. Which of the following classes is (are) totally parasitic? (Concept 33.3 ) Your Answer: Cestoidea Correct Answer: Cestoidea and Trematoda No. This choice is correct, but there is a better response. 14. The proglottids of a tapeworm contain an elaborate _____ system. (Concept 33.3 ) Your Answer: reproductive Correct. Posterior to the head, or scolex, is a long ribbon of units called proglottids, which are little more than sacs of sex organs. 15. Some species of rotifers undergo parthenogenesis, which means that _____. (Concept 33.8 ) Your Answer: the species consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs Correct. How these species of rotifers have survived for millions of years with this type of reproduction is a puzzle. 16. Consider the following list of animals: giant squid, earthworm, largemouth bass, snail, tapeworm, coral, and starfish. The two that belong to the same phylum are the _____, and their phylum is _____. (Concept 33.4 ) Your Answer: giant squid and snail ... Mollusca Correct. The giant squid and the snail are both molluscs. 17. An active marine predator is found possessing these characteristics: a series of tentacles (modified from the foot), a highly developed nervous system, and elaborate eyes. To which of the following animal classes does this organism most likely belong? (Concept 33.4 ) Your Answer: Cephalopoda Correct. The foot of a cephalopod has been modified into a muscular siphon and parts of the tentacles and head. Cephalopods use beak-like jaws to bite their prey. They have a well-developed nervous system with a complex brain. 18. Cephalopods are the only molluscs _____. (Concept 33.4 ) Your Answer: without a mantle Correct Answer: with a closed circulatory system No. The cephalopod mantle covers the visceral mass but, with the exception of the chambered nautilus, no extant cephalopod has a shell. 19. Annelids _____. (Concept 33.5 ) Your Answer: all of the above Correct. Annelids are segmented worms. The phylum includes earthworms, polychaete worms, and leeches. They have characteristically long bodies with both internal and external segmentation. They have coeloms, which function as hydrostatic skeletons, and they have a twoopening digestive system. 20. Earthworms are most closely related to _____. (Concept 33.5 ) Your Answer: leeches Correct. Earthworms and leeches are both annelids. 21. The excretory organs of earthworms are called _____. (Concept 33.5 ) Your Answer: metanephridia Correct. In each segment of the worm is a pair of excretory tubules called metanephridia. 22. During reproduction by the oligochaete earthworm Lumbricus _____. (Concept 33.5 ) Your Answer: hermaphroditic individuals exchange sperm Correct. Earthworms are hermaphrodites, but they cross-fertilize. 23. Which one of the following is not a feature of polychaete worms (phylum Annelida, class Polychaeta)? (Concept 33.5 ) Your Answer: a marine environment Correct Answer: a water vascular system No. Most polychaetes are marine animals. 24. Leeches are members of the phylum _____. (Concept 33.5 ) Your Answer: Annelida Correct. Leeches are free-living carnivores, or parasites, that are annelids, or segmented worms. 25. Which choice includes three different phyla of organisms commonly known as "worms"? (Concept 33.6 ) Your Answer: Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Nematoda Correct. Platyhelminths are flatworms, annelids are segmented worms, and nematodes are roundworms. 26. Animals such as _____ are the simplest animals to have _____. (Concept 33.6 ) Your Answer: snails ... a body cavity Correct Answer: roundworms ... a complete digestive tract No. Almost all molluscs have a coelom, but they are not the simplest animals to have a coelom. 27. An unidentified species of animal displays the following characteristics: bilateral symmetry, determinate embryonic cleavage, a complete digestive system, an open circulatory system, and distinct body segmentation. To which one of the following animal phyla does this species most likely belong? (Concept 33.7 ) Your Answer: Annelida Correct Answer: Arthropoda No. Annelids have a closed circulatory system. 28. The arthropods superficially resemble earthworms in that both groups _____, yet the two are distinctly different because arthropods, but not earthworms, _____. (Concept 33.7 ) Your Answer: are cephalized and bilaterally symmetrical ... have true organs Correct Answer: have prominently segmented bodies ... have jointed appendages No. Annelids have true organs. 29. A major characteristic of arthropods is _____. (Concept 33.7 ) Your Answer: a chitinous exoskeleton Correct. The body of an arthropod is completely covered by the cuticle, an exoskeleton constructed from layers of protein and chitin. 30. In insects, gas exchange is accomplished by _____. (Concept 33.7 ) Your Answer: book lungs Correct Answer: a tracheal system No. These carry out gas exchange in most spiders. 31. Sowbugs are really crustaceans, not insects. Therefore, a sowbug does not have _____. (Concept 33.7 ) Your Answer: an open circulatory system Correct Answer: three pairs of legs No. This is a characteristic of all arthropods. 32. The majority of animal species are _____. (Concept 33.7 ) Your Answer: insects Correct. In species diversity, insects outnumber all other forms of life combined. 33. In arthropods, molting is necessary because _____. (Concept 33.7 ) Your Answer: the chitinous exoskeleton cannot grow Correct. The rigid exoskeleton must be shed in order for an arthropod to grow. 34. Complete metamorphosis _____. (Concept 33.7 ) Your Answer: features a larval stage that looks different from the adult Correct. Insects with complete metamorphosis have larval stages specialized for eating and growing, which look entirely different from the adult. 35. Which of the following animals are most closely related to spiders? (Concept 33.7 ) Your Answer: scorpions Correct. Scorpions are arachnids, a class that also includes spiders. 36. The water vascular system of a sea star functions in _____. (Concept 33.8 ) Your Answer: digestion Correct Answer: movement of the tube feet No. Sea stars have a stomach and digestive glands. 37. Which one of the following statements about the phylum Echinodermata is false? (Concept 33.8 ) Your Answer: Echinoderms have true radial symmetry as adults. Correct. Adult echinoderms may seem to have radial symmetry, but they really do not. Consider the position of the madreporite in a sea star. 38. What is one visible feature that makes it easy to identify sea cucumbers as echinoderms? (Concept 33.8 ) Your Answer: They have five rows of tube feet. Correct. This is a visible feature that makes it clear that sea cucumbers are echinoderms.