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Penn Bowl XVII: The Friends and Enemies of Modern Music Tossups by Princeton A 1. The retired Henry Pulling is the protagonist of his Travels with my Aunt. Other less serious novels like Stamboul Train and a novel about the professor “D.” in the Spanish Civil War, The Confidential Agent, were dubbed “entertainments”, as was his novella and screenplay, The Third Man. His work for the Foreign Office in Sierra Leone allowed him to write about the morally-plagued Catholic police inspector Henry Scobie in The Heart of the Matter. For 10 points, name this English author, creator of anti-heroes such as Pinkie Brown in Brighton Rock and an unnamed “whiskey priest” in The Power and the Glory. ANSWER: Graham Greene 2. The tale of Amalek from Deuteronomy is traditionally read on the Shabbat preceding this holiday, known as Parshat Zachor. Traditionally, its “Shushan” version is celebrated the following day in walled cities, and because the month in which it occurs follows the sad month of Av, celebrants are encouraged to make merry and give charity, this traditionally three halves of coin. The story of its origin sees Mordecai refusing obeisance to the Persian King Ahashuerus, who calls for his execution before being stopped by his Jewish wife. For 10 points, the fourteenth of Adar is the day for what Jewish holiday, on which is read the Megillah or Book of Esther about Haman's plot? ANSWER: Purim [or Feast of Lots] 3. Frey's procedure is used to treat inflammation of this organ, and the Whipple Procedure involves the removal of its head. Endoscopic ultrasonography is often used to detect the tumors on this organ that are caused by ZollingerEllison syndrome. The head of this yellowish organ contains the duct of Wirsung, which is connected to the duodenum, and its tail stretches behind the stomach. For 10 points, name this organ that is home to the islets of Langerhans and produces a namesake juice. ANSWER: pancreas 4. One dissent written in this case said that the word "liberty" was perverted when it was used to prevent the will of the majority and thought the judgment was contradicted by usury laws and injunctions against Sunday trading. In Harlan cited a plague in Marsailles in 1720 that wiped out all members of a certain profession to show that the work was unusually harsh. Rufus Pekham's majority decision disagreed, and vacated the conviction of a Utica man who had been fined fifty dollars for having an employee work over sixty hours in a week. For 10 points, name this 1905 decision that stated that the right of contract could not be voided by a desire to protect the health of bakers. ANSWER: Lochner v. New York [accept New York v. Lochner] 5. He helped implement an expenditure tax in India and Sri Lanka, but his Commodity Reserve Currency system was never implemented. He showed that price fluctuations could be caused by incomplete pricing information on the part of the producers in his "cobweb model." He modeled savings and investments as non-linear functions of income, thus showing the existence of his eponymous trade cycles. For 10 points, name this Cambridge economist whose criterion states that an outcome is preferable to another if those made better off could compensate those made worse off, and who names an "efficiency" along with John Hicks. ANSWER: Nicolas Kaldor 6. In accordance with geomantic principles, it is located in the Yamashiro Valley, which is bordered by the Higashi, Kita and Nishi mountains. Among its eleven wards are Nishikyo, which contains the Moss Temple and the Katsura Imperial Villa, and Nakagyo, which the Kamo River and Jidai and Gion Matsuri pass through. Companies with headquarters in this city include Nichicon, Murata, and Ninetendo. Other notable landmarks in this city include the Kiyomizu Dera, the Nijo Palace and the Kinkaku Ji. For 10 points, name this Japanese city located north of Osaka, the namesake of an accord on global warming. ANSWER: Kyoto 7. He was associated with the thyrsoi and thyasi, and could be known by names such as Bromios or Taurokeros, meaning “bull-horned.” In one story, he was known as Zagreus at the start of his life. Later on, he briefly took refuge with the nereid Thetis when expelled from Thrace, but got his revenge by turning the people of Thrace against King Lycurgus and forcing Lycurgus to kill his own son with an axe. In another tale, he causes Agave to rip her son Pentheus to shreds in Thebes, and his birth saw violence as well, with his father Zeus blasting his mother Semele into dust. For 10 points, name this Greek god of ecstacy and wine. ANSWER: Dionysus [do not accept Bacchus] 8. With John Burnyeat, he wrote a work partially entitled "A New-England Fire-Brand Quenched." In 1653, he was taken by Captain Drury before Cromwell, but was released from prison after offering a promise of non-violence. His first successful converts were in Westmorland and Lancashire, and when he was brought before Justice Bennet of Derby in 1650, those converts got the nickname by which they're best known. He was a primary proponent of a religion that forbade the swearing of oaths and violence but allowed women to preach. For 10 points, name this man attacked in a Roger Williams work that saw him "digged out of his burrows," the founder of the Quakers. ANSWER: George Fox 9. His “On the Rainbow” and “On the Calculation of Chances” were printed together posthumously. Decades earlier, while living with surgeon Hermann Homan, he penned the Korte Verhandeling and Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione. He made arguments about Old Testament prophets in 1663’s Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, and in 1662 he finished a geometrical version of Descartes’s Principia Philosophiae, which influenced his most famous work, subtitled Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata. For 10 points, name this Dutch philosopher of Jewish origin and author of Ethics. ANSWER: Baruch de Spinoza [or Benedict(us) de Spinoza or Bento de Espinosa] 10. An angry mob is diverted in this work by two characters who have swapped their cloaks. One scene in this opera features the characters singing "long live liberty" at a costume ball. A servant is enticed to remain employed with the song "Eh, via buffone," and Masseto sings another important aria in this opera, "Ho capito, Signor si." The attempt to get with Zerlina doesn't end well, as the employer of Leoporello is eventually dragged to Hell by an animated status. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about a seducer of women. ANSWER: Don Giovanni 11. This author wrote only one collection of poetry, entitled April Twighlight. Her collection of short stories, The Troll Garden, features a story about a man who chooses to die rather than abandon his fantasy world. One of her books tells the story of Doctor Archie's belief in chance and Thea Kronborg’s rise to become a famous opera star, a novel entitled The Song of the Lark, and she describes the work of two French missionaries in New Mexico in Death Becomes the Archbishop. However, she is more famous for a novel about Jim Burden and a Bohemian family living in Nebraska. For 10 points, name this author of O Pioneers! and My Antonia. ANSWER: Willa Cather 12. William Thackeray lauded this painting as the ultimately convincing "dabs of dirty putty slapped on to the canvas with a trowel" and pointed out that one part is painted with greens but convinces the viewer that it is red. The left features a ploughman working a field as well as people boating in a river. More individuals who are possibly bathing are evident on the shore of the river. The right features a structure designed by Isambard Brunel, located at Maidenhead, with a rabbit on it. For 10 points, name this Joseph Turner oil painting, depicting a train crossing a bridge during the titular atmospheric phenomena. ANSWER: Rain Steam, and Speed: The Great Western Railway 13. Stein showed that groups of this kind are free and the third axiom of Kolmogorov involves an additivity of this type. The Lowenheim-Skolem theorem states that if a first-order theory has a model, then it has a model with this type of domain. Sets with this property have a Hausdorff dimension of zero and Cieslieski defined this property as that which is equipollent to the finite ordinals. Cantor’s diagonal argument shows that the real numbers do not have this property thought sets with it are typically finite or denumerable. For 10 points, name this type of set whose cardinality is equal to a subset of the set of natural numbers. ANSWER: countable 14. Shengdong Li operated the single-walled nanotube type at microwave frequencies for the first time. The behavior of one type of them can be modeled by the Ebers-Moll equation and the Miller effect can be reduced by using their cascode form. Two of these are found in a type named for Darlington and Moore's law states that their density on microprocessors would double every two years. Used to construct logic gates, they are divided into bipolar and field effect types. For 10 points, name this device used for amplification and/or switching of electric current. ANSWER: transistors 15. William Jensen has suggested it must be modified when dealing with optical enantiomers although it holds for complex systems wherein equilibrium effects arise from such factors as surface tension, and magnetic fields. Syntactically transformable into Euler’s polyhedral formula, it states the number of intensive variables, F is equal to the number of chemical constituents, C minus the number of states of matter in a system, P plus the number of noncompositional variables. Used for determining the possible number of degrees of freedom, for 10 points, name this thermodynamic rule deduced by its namesake Yale scientist. ANSWER: Gibbs’ Phase Rule 16. One story says that its title was derived from the Philip José Farmer novel Night of Light; another says it was named for a product of Owsley Stanley, and another credits its author’s synesthesia. It was written at the urging of Chas Chandler, who was searching for a follow-up success to 1966’s “Hey Joe”. The speaker thinks, “that girl put a spell on him,” doesn’t even know if he is “comin’ up or down,” and is, “actin’ funny, but don’t know why.” Appearing on the 1967 debut album Are You Experienced?, it contais the oft-misheard lyric, “excuse me while I kiss the sky.” For 10 points, what is this song by Jimi Hendrix about a colorful fog? ANSWER: “Purple Haze” 17. The amino acid with this one-letter abbreviation is the namesake of a dehydrogenase that catalyzes the animation of a Krebs cycle intermediate. Oortmerssen created a programming language with this name and alpha-tocopherol is the most active form a vitamin with this name. Stress over strain and the middle layer of the ionosphere are often referred to by this letter instead of Young's modulus and the Heaviside layer, respectively. In organic chemistry, a stereoisomer with high priority substituents on different sides is denoted with this letter. For 10 points, name this letter that is used to denote a constant equal to 2.718. ANSWER: e [accept E] 18. The tenth one was compared to a "light intercepted by a cloudy medium" by an American commenter. It hedged by saying certain activities were only allowed when it does not trouble the public order. A plan entitled "On Property Rights" sought to reform these proclamations by adding a right-to-work clause and universal education, but was rejected. The last article allows for eminent domain, and a year after it was written, Olympe de Gouges wrote a version addressed to Marie-Antoinette about women. For 10 points, name this central document of the French constitution, adopted in 1789 by National Constituent Assembly. ANSWER: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen [or La Declaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen] 19. A reference to the author’s cousin, who died in childbirth, may be seen in the fourth one, which notes “the boy with the brown, squinting, eyes,” and that fourth one begins “O trees of life, O when are you wintering?” The tenth and last ends by remarking on “the emotion that almost dismays us when a joyful thing falls,” while the first opens by asking “Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the Angelic Orders?” For 10 points, name these poems, completed around the same time as the author’s Sonnets to Orpheus, a set of ten elegies by the German poet Rainer Maria Rilke. ANSWER: the Duino Elegies [or Duineser Elegien] 20. One of his poems seeks forgiveness from a "Meek Daughter" for "shapings of the unregenerate mind," probably reflecting his deference to his religious bride-to-be, Sarah Fricker. who was also the sister-in-law of Robert Southey. This man conjectures that "all of animated nature" is affected like the title object by "one intellectual breeze, At once the Soul of each, and God of all." Beginning with an address to "my pensive Sara," that poem was written shortly before his "This Lime-Tree Bower my Prison." For 10 points, name this author of "The Aeolean Harp" who also described Xanadu and a penitent sailor in "Kubla Khan" and "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner." ANSWER: Samuel Taylor Coleridge Tiebreaker Tossups 21. One of this author's works begins with a servant with a name meaning "light" asking his master if Adam's fall was metaphorical, but it wasn't, as is revealed by Eve, who confesses that Adam's fall caused the titular event to happen. Other works concern a man whose two horses are stolen by Wenzel as tribute and leads an army to exact vengeance, and Jeronimo and Josephe, who are almost almost freed by a disaster in Santiago. In addition to The Broken Jug, and The Earthquake in Chile, this playwright and novelist also wrote The Marquise of O and Penthesilea. For 10 points, name this nineteenth century German author of Michael Kohlhaas,. ANSWER: Heinrich von Kleist 22. He was captured by a Kansas soldier who recognized "Colon de Magdalo" as this man's Masonic name and disguised American soldiers as prisoners escorted by Macabebe scouts. Installed as president under the Malolos constitution, he had earlier agreed to leave the country under the Biac-na-Bato agreement with Spain. He drew the wrath of another occupying power and spent many years in Bilibid prison after serving as a Japanese puppet bashing the former U.S. occupiers. For 10 points, name this leader of Chinese and Tagalog descent, who saw Frederick Funston end his term as the first president of the Philippines. ANSWER: Emilio Aguinaldo 23. The 9th Infantry Division and parts of the 1st Armored Division were almost cut off during this battle. The goal of the opposing forces was attacking the supply dumps at Tebessa. The losing commander, General Fredendall, was transfered to a non-combat position shortly after this battle, while the victorious general was eventually forced to withdraw east to the Mareth Line by the threat of the British 8th Army. For 10 points, name this first large scale World War Two battle between Romme's forces and the Americans, which resulted in a massive American retreat at its namesake pass in Tunisia. ANSWER: Battle of the Kasserine Pass Penn Bowl XVII: The Friends and Enemies of Modern Music Bonuses by Princeton A 1. Answer the following about the Indian Removal Act, for 10 points each. [10] The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by this Indian-hatin president. ANSWER: Andrew Jackson [10] Opposition to the act in congress was led by this New Jersey senator who was Clay's running mate in 1844. ANSWER: Theodore Frederick Frelinghuysen [10] This general was sent to enforce the act in Georgia. He captured Veracruz in the Mexican War and was a failed Whig candidate for the Presidency. ANSWER: Winfield Scott 2. For 10 points each, name these art deco buildings. [10] This New York skyscraper has a spire clad with stainless steel and eagles which mirror the hood ornament of its namesake company. ANSWER: Chrysler Building [10] Located on Telegraph Hill in San Fransisco, this concrete tower features murals by Jose Moya del Pino. ANSWER: Coit Tower [10] This subject of a Georgia O'Keefe painting was converted into the Bryant Park Hotel in 1998 while keeping its distinctive outer appearance. ANSWER: American Radiator Building 3. The protagonist is entomologist Niki Junpei, who ends up staying in a creepy village. For 10 points: [10] What is this 1962 novel, in which Niki meets the title character, a young widow sequestered from the rest of the village? ANSWER: Woman in the Dunes [or Sunna no onna] [10] Woman in the Dunes is a work by what Japanese author of The Ruined Map and The Man Who Turned Into a Stick? ANSWER: Kobe Abe [10] The computer scientist Katsumi learns to predict the future, and finds out that the half-fish, half-human "aquans" will soon be made from aborted fetuses, in this awesome example of LITERATURE! by Kobo Abe. ANSWER: Inter Ice Age 4 [or Daiyon kampyoki] 4. Five jagged yellow shapes, and a sixth which is cut off by the right edge, surround the central figure, in one of the works in this book. For 10 points each: [10] Name this series of about a hundred paper cutouts, titled after an artform. ANSWER: Jazz [10] Jazz is a work by this leader of the Fauvists, who also painted The Dance. ANSWER: Henri Matisse [10] A woman arranges flowers onto a table which holds two wine decanters and more flowers, and the title color is seen in the tablecoth, the wallpaper, and a chair, in this Matisse painting. ANSWER: The Red Room [or Harmony in Red; or La desserte] 5. For 10 points each, answer the following questions about mixtures: [10] This type of mixture is characterized by an isothermal transition from liquid to solid. It also has the lowest possible initial melting point for a given combination of pure substances. ANSWER: eutectic [10] Formation of this kind of solution prevents any further purification by distillation. ANSWER: azeotrope [10] Steel is a type of this alloy, in which one metal atom is much smaller than the other. ANSWER: interstitial alloy 6. Answer these questions about the NBA’s All-Star Weekend Three-Point Shootout, for 10 points each. [10] The first three three-point shootouts were all won by this legendary Celtics forward of the 1980’s, a three-time most valuable player and rival of Magic Johnson. ANSWER: Larry Joe Bird [10] He won the three-point shootout in 1995 while with Miami. A member of the 1989 Michigan team that won the NCAA tournament, this three-time all-star later played for Charlotte and won a title with the Lakers in 2000. ANSWER: Glen Rice [10] The 2007 winner was this man, another sharpshooting Miami Heat forward. This past offseason he signed with the Raptors, where he is again among the league leaders in three-point shooting percentage. ANSWER: Jason Kapono 7. It was a trading empire centered around the cities of Gao and Timbuktu. For 10 points each: [10] Name this West African civilization of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. ANSWER: Songhai [10] What great ruler of the Songhai defeated the Fulani, Mossi, and Tuareg after taking the throne in 1464? ANSWER: Sunni Ali Ber [10] One of the major events in the decline of the Songhai was this 1591 battle, where the rifle-using Moroccans defeated the spear-wielding Songhai. ANSWER: Battle of Tondibi 8. For 10 points each, answer these questions about the Bifrost, a rainbow bridge to Asgard. [10] The Bifrost was guarded by what ever-vigilant Norse god, keeper of the Gjallarhorn? ANSWER: Heimdallr [10] The Bifrost will shatter at Ragnarok, when the Frost Giants will unite with what leader of the Fire Giants from Muspellheim? ANSWER: Surtr [10] Loki was forced to trick Idun into crossing Bifrost with her golden apples by this giant, whom Loki impaled in the form of an eagle for eating too much meat. ANSWER: Thiazi 9. Henry George's Progress and Poverty argued that the only one should be applied to land. For 10 points each: [10] Name this mandatory economic thing, one type of which is addressed in the Laffer curve. ANSWER: taxes [10] This type of tax is implemented to account for the true social costs of production or consumption. It can be used to correct externalities that distort the market. ANSWER: Pigouvian tax [10] From the latin for "by value," examples of this type of tax include value-added taxes and property taxes. ANSWER: ad valorem tax 10. He wrote the ridiculously hard piano piece Islamey, as well as incidental music for King Lear. For 10 points each: [10] Name this member of The Five and composer of the Overture on Russian Themes. ANSWER: Mily Alekseyevich Balakirev [10] This other member of The Five wrote the opera Boris Gudonov as well as Night on Bald Mountain and Pictures at an Exhibition. ANSWER: Modest Mussorgsky [10] This almost-finished Mussorgsky opera depictes the fate of the Old Believers under Peter the Great, and ends with Dosifei leading a mass suicide. ANSWER: Khovanshchina 11. For 10 points each, name these island nations in the Pacific Ocean. [10] This former British colony has its capital at Funafuti. Over twenty-five percent of its GDP comes from selling the dot-tv domain ending. ANSWER: Tuvalu [10] This nation's name comes from its native pronunciation of Gilberts. It is the first country to see the new year as a result of a shift in the international date line. ANSWER: Kiribati (pronounced either how it looks or "Kiribas") [10] This only monarchy in the Pacific has repeatedly tried to shut down critical newspapers. Members of its royal family were killed in a San Fransisco car crash in 2006. ANSWER: Tonga 12. The title character says that while she wishes there were better options, there simply aren't. Her uptight daughter Vivie disagrees. For 10 points each: [10] Name this 1893 work about brothels. ANSWER: Mrs. Warren's Profession [10] Mrs. Warren's Profession was written by what author of Man and Superman and Pygmalion? ANSWER: George Bernard Shaw [10] Shaw also wrote this similarly titled work a boxer attempting to hide his pugilistic occupation from his aristocratic lover Lydia. This early novel became the play The Admirable Bashville. ANSWER: Cashel Byron's Profession 13. Identify these Jean Racine works, for 10 points each. [10] Set in Epirus after the Trojan War, this play concerns the love quadrilateral between Pyrrhus, Hermione, Orestes, and the titular Trojan. ANSWER: Andromaque [10] Theseus calls upon Neptune to help punish his son Hippolytus for making moves on his stepmother, the titular queen. ANSWER: Phedre [10] A teenage Nero frees himself from Agrippina and poisons the titular pretender in this play that flopped when it premiered. ANSWER: Britannicus [do not accept Wikipedius] 14. Answer the following about the work of John Rawls, for 10 points each. [10] Rawls is most famous for this 1971 work, which advocates a distributive version of the title concept and inspired a reply by Robert Nozick. ANSWER: A Theory of Justice [10] In A Theory of Justice, Rawls posits an “original position” from which individuals agree on moral principles while experiencing this phenomenon, which keeps them from knowing their own social status or even moral beliefs. ANSWER: “the veil of ignorance” [10] The "enduring signifance of John Rawls" was analyzed in an article by this author of The Fragility of Goodness and The Therapy of Desire, who integrates classicism with contemporary liberal ideas. ANSWER: Martha Craven Nussbaum 15. An example of the cubic type is body-centered. For 10 points each: [10] Name this simplest repeating unit in a crystal. ANSWER: unit cell [10] This Frenchman showed that crystals could be divided into 14 different unit cells. ANSWER: Auguste Bravais [10] Each atom in a body-centered unit cell has this coordination number, or number of nearest neighbors. ANSWER: 8 16. Planck charge is equal to it divided by the square root of the fine structure constant. For 10 points each. [10] Name this constant that relates mechanical quantities to electrical charge. ANSWER: permittivity of free space [accept vacuum permittivity; or electric constant] [10] This value is equal to one over the square root of the permittivity of free space times the permeability of free space and is constant in all inertial reference frames ANSWER: speed of light [prompt on "c"] [10] The permittivity of free space appears in the denominator of this doubly eponymous equation used for finding activity coefficients ANSWER: Debye-Hückel equation 17. For 10 points each, answer the following about the man who was king of Poland until 1831. [10] Name this monarch, whose ascension to another throne was eased when his brother Constantine renounced the throne in 1825 from Warsaw. ANSWER: Nicholas I Romanov [10] Constantine and Nicholas's dithering over who swore difference to whom caused this 1825 rebellion after the death of their father in 1825. ANSWER: Decembrist Revolt [or Vostane Dekabristov] [10] The Russians attempted to relieve Sevastopol in this November 1854 battle, the last major Crimean War conflict before Nicholas's death, but the Sandbag Battery and some fog let the outnumbered British win. ANSWER: Battle of Inkerman 18. This story is narrated by Miss Coverdale and features characters like Priscilla and Zenobia. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this novel, a roman-a-clef for Brook Farm, in which Mr. Hollingsworth wants to turn the titular setting into a reform colony for criminals and the characters’ utopia is destroyed by their own self interest ANSWER: The Blithedale Romance [10] The Blithedale Romance was written by this author who also wrote The Marble Faun and Young Goodman Brown. ANSWER: Nathaniel Hawthorne [10] Medbourne, Killigrew, Gascoigne, and Wycherly drink from the Fountain of Youth in this Hawthorne story. ANSWER: "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment" 19. Named for a Brit, it features nine parts including biological gradient and temporality. For 10 points each: [10] Name this criteria used for evaluating causation in exposure and disease. ANSWER: Bradford Hill Criteria [10] From the Greek for “what is upon the people,” this branch of medicine studies the factors that affect health and cause diseases in populations. ANSWER: Epidemiology [10] This term describes an organism or causative agent that does not directly cause disease, but is the primary host by which the pathogen spreads. An example is the deer tick for Lyme disease. ANSWER: Vector 20. For 10 points each, name these political scandals. [10] This scandal resulted in the resignation of most of Jackson's cabinet. At issue were the alleged improprieties of the Secretary of War's wife. ANSWER: Peggy Eaton Affair [10] This scandal of the Reagan administration involved the sale of arms to one country to provide funds to support anti-Sandanista rebels in Nicaragua. ANSWER: Iran-Contra [10] This doubly eponymous scandal involved the alleged crimes of the Secratary of the Interior. That man was exonerated, but the firing of the head of the US Forest Service helped split the Republican Party in the 1912 election. ANSWER: Ballinger-Pinchot controversy Extra Bonuses 21. For 10 points each, answer the following about a Chinese book. [10] It was written by Luo Guanzhong and details the end of the Han dynasty to the reunification over a century later. ANSWER: Romance of the Three Kingdoms [10] This prime minister was defeated at the Battle of the Red Cliffs when his boats were lit on fire. ANSWER: Cao Cao [10] In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang is ordered to come up with one hundred thousand of these, which he does with straw men and boats. ANSWER: arrows 22. For 10 points each, name the following naval battles of World War I: [10] Fought between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet, this inconclusive battle near Denmark was the only major clash of dreadnoughts during the entire war. ANSWER: Battle of Jutland [10] This battle between battlecruiser squadrons off the coast of England almost resulted in a crushing British victory until a misinterpreted signal caused the ships to break off pursuit. ANSWER: Battle of the Dogger Banks [10] The German squadron from Tsingtao under Spee destroyed a British naval squadron off the coast of Chile in this 1914 battle. ANSWER: Battle of Coronel