Download kirinyaga central district joint examination - 2013

KUWED SUB-COUNTY JOINT EXAMINATION - 2014
312/1 – GEOGRAPHY MARKING SCHEME PAPER 1
1.
2.
(a)
Give three heavenly bodies.
- Sun
- Moon
- Stars.
- Natural satellites.
- Comets
- Meteors
- Meteorites.
(b)
Distinguish between equinox and solstice.
Equinox refers to the time of the year when we have equal length of day and night and
the sun is overhead at the Equator while solstice is the time of the year when the day are
longer than nights or nights are longer than days and the sun is overhead at either tropic
of Cancer or Tropic of Capricorn.
(2mks)
(a)
What are Harmattan winds.
- These are North East winds blowing from Sahara across West Africa between
November and March.
(2mks)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
3.
4.
5.
max 3mks
Identify the type of wind marked W.
- Katabatic wind / mountain breeze.
(1mk)
List two characteristics of the type of the wind marked W.
- Cold air
- Dense air.
- Blow from hills to downhill.
- Local winds.
Max 2mks
(a)
What is a mineral?
2mks
A mineral is an inorganic substance with a definite chemical composition at /
beneath the surface of the earth /a mineral is a solid inorganic substance occurring
naturally.
(2mks)
(b)
Name two non-metallic minerals. (2mks)
- Sulphur
- Potash
- Diamond.
Max 2mks
(a)
What is climate?
(2mks)
Average weather conditions of a place which have been observe and recorded over
along period of time.
(b)
Explain two effects of climate change on the physical environment.
(4mks)
- Global warming / increased temperature may led to increase evaporation of ocean water
which may cause heavy rainfall in some areas.
- Increased temperature may lead to the melting of ice caps / ice sheets and glaciers
leading to rising sea level.
- Increased temperature may lead to high evaporation causing drought.
- Climate change may cause changes in rainfall pattern in different parts of the world.
2 x 2 = 4mks
(a)
What is a karst scenery? (2mks)
A karst scenery refers to an area covered by limestone rocks.
(b)
Give three factors that influence the development of karst scenery. (3mks)
- The surface rock and the rock beneath should be thick limestone, dolomite or chalk.
- The rock should be hard and well jointed.
- The climate should be hot and humid.
- The water table should be deep below the surface.
Max 3mks
SECTION B
6.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Identify the settlement patterns found on the Northern area covered by the map (3mks)
- Nucleated.
- Linear.
- Scattered.
Max 3mks
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Geography paper 1
Give longitudinal extent of area covered by the map. (2mks)
- 35º 00’ E
to
35º 15’ E
Measure the distance of the Kitale municipality boundary.
Give your answer in kilometres.
(2mks)
8.2 km + 0.1 km
What is the bearing of the air photo principal point on the grid square 2912 from
the air photo principal point on grid square 3516.
(2mks)
- 223º + 1º.
Calculate the area to the east of the district boundary and to the South of
Northing 23.
Full squares - 4
Half squares - 12  6
2
10km²
2
(2mks)
(2mks)
(d)
7.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
Identify two types of vegetation found in the area covered by the map. (2mks)
- Forest.
- Woodland
- Scrub
- Papyrus swamp.
- Tree swamp
- Riverine trees.
max 5mks
(ii)
Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. (5mks)
- There are Swamp.
- There are seasonal swamps.
- There are permanent rivers.
- There are many permanent rivers.
- Short rivers.
- The main rivers are Kapolet and Noigameget.
- Dams present.
Max 5 = 1 x 5 = 5mks
What is a rock?
Any naturally occuring aggregate of mineral particles of the earth’s crust.
(i)
Classify rocks according to their mode of formation.
- Igneous.
- Sedimentary.
- Metamorphic.
3mks
(ii)
Identify three examples of rocks mentioned in b (i) above that is formed
from the already existing rock materials.
- Limestone
- Coal
- Diatomite.
- Iron stone.
Any 3 x 1 = 3mks
(iii)
List two characteristics of rock.
- Colour.
- Stratification.
- Chemical composition.
- Crystalline.
- Resistance (hardness / softness.
(i)
(ii)
(d)
2mks
List two main types of rocks dominant in Kenya.
- Sedimentary.
- Volcanic.
Explain the importance of studying rocks.
- Helps to tell the nature of surface relief
- Helps us to understand how soils are formed.
- Helps us to determine the availability of minerals in an area.
- Helps us to determine water resources in an area.
Any 2 x 1 = 2mks
(2mks)
Any 3 x 2 = 6mks
Explain four benefits of rocks to the economy of a country. 8mks
- Some rocks tourist - earning country foreign exchange.
- Rock weather down to form fertile soils which support agricultural activity.
- Some rocks contain minerals which are exploited and exported and bring huge
income to the country’s economy.
- Some rocks are used as raw materials in building and construction industry.
- Some rocks contain mineral salts (Nitrate etc) which are used for domestic / industrial
purpose such as making dyes / fertilisers / medicine.
- Some rocks act as underground water reservoirs.
- Some rocks e.g. soap stone is used for sculpturing.
- Rocks are a source of employment to many people therefore generates income for them.
Any 4 x 2 = 8mks
Geography paper 1
3
8.
(a)
(b)
(i)
What is mass movement? 2mks
Downwards movement of weathered material under the influence of gravity.
(ii)
List the two broad categories of mass wasting.
- Slow movement. 1mk
- Rapid movement. 1mk
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(d)
9.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Total 2mks
What is soil creep?
Downward movement of fine particles on a gentle slope.
1mk
List the factors that cause soil creep.
- Heating and cooling of soil.
- Alternate drying and wetting of the soil.
- Trampling or burrowing of animals.
- Shaken by earthquakes or heavy trucks.
- Ploughing down hill.
2mks
Differentiate between rockslide and soil creep.
- Rock slide involves movement of large masses of rocks soil creep involves movement
of soil / fine materials. 2mks
- Rock slide occurs on a very steep slope. Soil creep on a gentle slope.  2mks
- Rock slide fast speed. Soil creep has a very slow speed.  2mks
- Rock slide has surface rocks sliding over slip surface. Soil creep has heating and
cooling of soil as ideal conditions.  2mks
- Rock slide is a localized movement. Soil creep is an intermittent movement.  2mks
Any 3 x 2 = 6mks
Explain the negative effects of mass wasting or physical and human environments. 8mks
- Mass wasting is causes rock fall or rock slide which leads to loss of life. 2mks
- Mass wasting such as landslide or rock fall destroys propertysuch as transport,
communication lines and other buildings. 2mks
- Mass wasting facilitates soil erosion by removing soil / vegetation cover, which make
it unsuitable for agricultural activities. 2mks
- Mass wasting leads to permanent scars on the landscape making it physically unsuitable
for human  settlement. 2mks
Any 4 x 2 = 8mks
Differentiate between an ocean and a sea.
- An ocean is a vast body of salty water on the earth’s surface that surrounds the land
or continents. 1mk
- A sea is a large salty water body surrounded by land. 1mk
(i)
Identify the main cause of water movement in the oceans.
- Wind.
1mk
(ii)
Identify the two main water movements in the oceans.
- Horizontal 1mk
- Vertical1mk
Total 2mks
List three processes through which erosion occurs along the Coasts.
- Solution / corrosion 1mk
- Hydraulic corrasion. 1mk
- Corrosion / Abrasion. 1mk
- Attrition. 1mk
Any 3 x 1 = 3mks
Geography paper 1
4
(c)
Using a well labelled diagram, describe the formation of a spit. 5mks.
(1mk)
Long shore drift
moves materials
in this direction
Hook of a split
(Land protecting
into sea) (1mk)
Shore
Land attached to
mainland (1½)
Split (1mk)
- Forms on shallow waters / swamps in coastline.
- Long shore drift checked by angle of change in coastline.
- This leads to deposition of sand and shingle by the long shore drift.
Deposition continues and materials accumulate seawards forming an elongated
feature with one end attached to the mainland and other projecting into the sea.
Diagram - 3mks
Explanation - 2mks (Total 5mks)
10.
(d)
Describe briefly the three of the coasts.
- Submerged - type of coast which is drowned - meaning part of coast lies under sea water.
- Emerged coast - type of coast where part of land which was formerly under water
becomes permanently exposed.
- Coral coast - type of coast that compose of coral rocks.
1mk Total 2mks
Mention type of describe it. (6mks total)
(e)
Explain how the ocean currents influence climate of the surroundings. 6mks
- When wind from the ocean blow over a cold ocean current adjacent land cool and
dry. (2mks)
- When wind from the ocean blow over a warm ocean current - the adjacent land receive
heavy rainfall. (2mks)
- Sea/land breezes affect adjacent land by warming the land during winter (2mks)
and cooling of the adjacent land during summer. (2mks)
Any 3 x 2 = 6mks (total)
(a)
(i)
What is ice?
Ice is the solid water formed by freezing and condensation of atmospheric
vapour or compaction of snow. 1mk
(ii)
Differentiate between glacier and Avalanche.
1mk
- Gracier is a mass of limited width of moving outward from an area of concentration
- Avalanche is a mass of ice falling heavily and rapidly through gravity down the
mountain. 1mk
2mks
(i)
Identify the two main glacier erosion processes.
- Plucking / weight of the ice - should be thicker and heavier to exert pressure
on rock debris for effective scrapping.
2mks
- Abrasion of debris - material embedded in ice such as sand, gravel / sand act
as tools for scrapping/ scouring the surface through abrasion.
- Nature of underlying rock - jointed /faulted/soft rock which allow passage
of water into the rock leading to erosion by plucking. 2 mks
- Speed of glacier - should fast moving to provide energy required for erosion.
Any 3 x 2 = 6mks
5
(b)
Geography paper 1
(c)
Explain four effects of glaciation on human activity.
- Glacier tills provides fertile soil suitable for arable farming.
- Melt water from glacier - are source of rivers useful in irrigation / domestic and
industrial purposes.
- Graciation creates fjords - which are well sheltered grounds - good for fish breeding /
attracting fishing activity.
- Snow fall provide a natural refrigeration for food conservation.
- Erosion by ice sheets reduces the depth of land - exposing mineral - makes mining easier.
- Glacial features such as kame / eskers compose of clean sand / gravels - which provides
raw material to the construction and building industry.
- Hanging valleys are ideal sites for constructing H.E.P generators useful for domestic /
industrial activities.
- Glacier created lakes are used as natural water ways - facilitates transport and
communication systems.
- Glaciation produces features that attract tourist who bring foreign exchange to the country.
- Boulder clay deposits can interfere with drainage creating a marshy landscape not suitable
for settlement or agriculture.
- Some outwash plain contain infertile sands which give rise to wasteland not suitable for
agriculture.
- Leads to ruggedness of terrain which makes transport difficult.
- Leads to fjords which are not easily accessible from the mainland - this obstructs
transport and communication.
- It turns some land into numerous lakes which reduces the amount of land available
for agriculture.
Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks
(d)
Students from Neive School are planning to carry out a field study of a glaciated area.
(i)
State two objectives of their study.
- To
(ii)
State two ways they would prepare for the study.
- Familiarization trip.
- Seeking for permission from relevant authorities.
- Reading Literature/books on glaciation.
- Assembling the required apparatus and equipment.
- Setting objectives and hypothesis.
Any 2 – (2mks)
(iii)
Give two methods they would use to collect information.
- Observation.
- Measurement
- Photographing.
Any 2 – (2mks)
Geography paper 1
6