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Name: Date: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Domain: Kingdom: Phylum: Learning Objectives: *Refer to Kingdom Animalia Unit Plan Text page: 372 *This is required reading. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/platyhelminthes/platyhelminthes.html -Flatworms belong to the Phylum ______________________________, which means ____________________ in Greek. An appropriate name! -Flatworms are different from other worms because they are ______________________________ Biology 11: Platyhelminthes Page 1 Platyhelminthes Habitat -Free-living Flatworms live in __________________________________________________________, whereas parasitic Flatworms live inside other animals (humans included!). Platyhemlnithes Common Characteristics 1. There are over 18,000 known species of flatworms. They are grouped into Phyla Platyhelminthes because they all share the following characteristics: a) Symmetry/Cephalization -Flatworms are the simplest animals with ____________________ symmetry. -With the evolution of this new type of symmetry, Flatworms also show some __cephalisation . For instance, in the Flatworm above has sensory eyespots in the head area. Cephalisation is the concentration of sensory nerve endings in the head area. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Biology 11: Platyhelminthes Page 2 b) Level of Organization -If Flatworms have specialized tissues working together for a common purpose, they have a ___________ level of organization. c) Germ Layers -The embryos of Flatworms have a third layer between the endoderm and the ectoderm. What is this layer called? _____________________________________________ -Which tissues and organs develop from this layer? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ -With three germ layers, Flatworms are _____________________________________________________ d) Coelom Development -Flatworms are Acoelomate. This means that ________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Platyhelminthes Essential Functions Biology 11: Platyhelminthes Page 3 1. Circulation/Respiration -Do Flatworms have specialized circulatory and respiratory systems? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Digestion -How many openings are there to the digestive system? _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ -What type of body plan do they have? _____________________________________________________ 3. Movement -How do Flatworms move? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Biology 11: Platyhelminthes Page 4 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Reproduction -Most flatworms are simultaneous hermaphrodites, which means that they can ______________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Platyhelminthes Classes *Take your own notes on each of the Platyhelminthes classes from text page 372 to supplement what is below. 1. Class Turbellaria (Planaria) -Common free-living marine and fresh water Flatworms, accounting for 16% of all flatworms. -Diet includes bacteria, algae and invertebrates. -Some species have considerable powers of regeneration. 2. Class Cestoda (Tapeworms) -Common parasite in mammals, obtained by eating undercooked beef or pork. -Show modifications to lifecycle/body plan for parasitism. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Biology 11: Platyhelminthes Page 5 ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 3. Class Trematoda (Flukes) -Endo and ectoparasites with modifications to life cycle and body plan for parasitism. -Shistosoma is a blood fluke that causes the disease ______________________________________. -Study the life cycle below: _____________________________________________________________________________________ Biology 11: Platyhelminthes Page 6 _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Biology 11: Platyhelminthes Page 7