Download I. Introduction - Villa Walsh Academy

Social Studies 7
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Chapter 10: Section 5 – States’ Rights and the Economy
I. Introduction
The issue of states’ rights versus the power of the federal government has been debated since the
founding of the United States. The debate became more urgent when Americans disagreed on
important economic measures.
II. Focus Question
How did old issues take a new shape in the conflict over a national bank and tariffs?
III.Lesson Focus
The issue of national power versus states’ rights resurfaced in the struggle between Andrew Jackson
and the Bank of the United States, and Jackson’s refusal to allow states to nullify the tariff laws of the
federal government.
IV.
Vocabulary
1. nullification – an action by a state that cancels a federal law to which the state objects.
V. Outline
A. The Bank War
1. Second Bank of the United States
a) Supporters of the Bank
1. __________________________ – the bank made _______ to businesses
2. Bank was a ________________ for the federal government to keep its
___________________
3. Paper money it issued ________________________________
4. Careful policies helped ____________________________ all over the
country.
b) Opposition to the Bank
1. Bank restricted _____________ made by _____________________.
a. Fearing that state banks were making too many loans, Bank directors
often ________________________________ banks could lend
b. Angered _____________________________ who wanted to borrow
money to ______________________________________.
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c. Many southerners and westerners blamed the _________ for the
_____________________ of 1819 – people _________________.
2. Most powerful enemy was Andrew Jackson
a. Called the bank “__________________”
b. Jackson felt that the bank allowed a small group of the _________
people to enrich themselves at the ________________________.
c. Jackson believed that the wealthy stood for _________________.
d. Jackson especially Nicholas Biddle the Bank’s president
i. Came from a wealthy Philadelphia family
ii. Skilled at doing favors for powerful politicians
iii. Got Congress to renew the Bank’s charter in 1832 (even
though the charter had 4 years to go)
iv. Jackson vetoed the bill.
c) Effect on the Election of 1832
1. The _________over the Bank became a major issue in the election
2. Henry Clay – strongly _______________________ the Bank
3. Most voters _____________________Jackson’s _______of the bank bill
4. Jackson won reelection by a landslide.
d) Effect on Jackson’s Presidency
1. Jackson’s victory over the Bank helped to ______________________ of the
___________________________________________
2. Showed that a ________________________ could stir up the voters and
face down _________________________ in Congress.
e) Bank’s Charter Runs out
1. The _____________________ ceased to exist when its
_______________ran out in 1836
2. An _____________________ struck a few months after Jackson left office
3. Without a _________________________________, it was harder for the new
President to ___________________________________________
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B. The Question of States’ Rights
1. Balancing State and Federal Power
a) The Constitution
1. 1787 – The Constitutional Convention had created a government based on
__________________– the division of power between the ___________
__________________________and the ______________________.
2. Gave the _________________________many significant powers.
3. ________________ Amendment set limits on ___________________ – any
powers not specifically given to the federal government are” r____________
_____________________________, respectively, or to the people.”
b) Examples
1. Alien and Sedition Acts
2. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
3. Hartford Convention
c) Never fully resolved
1. During Andrew Jackson’s presidency, arguments over federal power and
states’ rights caused a crisis.
C. The Nullification Crisis
1. Background
a) Congress raises the tariff
1. Congress passed a law in 1828 raising the tariff on _____________
__________________________________ other products.
2. Helped ______________________in the north and some parts of the
_____________________________________________
3. Made Southerners pay more for ___________________________ –
federal government was forcing them to obey an unfair law
b) Right of Nullification
1. Calhoun (VP from SC) argued that the ______________had the right of
_________________________________________________.
2. If accepted, his ideas would seriously weaken the __________________
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2. Arguments for Nullification
a) Concerns of the Southerners
1. If the federal government could enforce what they considered an unjust
law, they were concerned that the government could use its power to
_______________________.
b) Calhoun’s Theory of Nullification
1. Based on his view of how the Union was formed – the ____________
from certain ____________________________________.
2. After the union was formed, each _________kept ________________.
3. One of the powers was to ______________________ that the people of
the state _____________________________________________.
3. Arguments against Nullification
a) Came from MA Senator Daniel Webster
1. Argued that the United States was not formed by the states, but by the entire
____________________________________________.
2. 1830 – on the floor of the Senate, Webster said, “We are all agents of the
same supreme power, the people.”
b) Jackson’s View
1. Dramatically _________________________ – said to Calhoun, “Our Federal
Union – it must be preserved.”
2. Calhoun responded, “The Union – next to our liberty, the most dear.” – to
Calhoun, ______________________ were more important than __________
____________________________________________________.
4. South Carolina threatens to secede
a) Congress passes another tariff law (1832)
1. Lowered some tariffs, raised tariffs on iron and textiles.
2. South Caroline called a state convention – voted to ________________ on
_______________________________________________.
3. The tariffs of 1828 and 1832, it said, did not apply to South Carolina.
4. Warned the federal government not to _______________to impose the tariff
– threatened _________________________________________________.
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b) Jackson’s response to South Carolina’s secession
1. Furious – put ______________________ on alert in December 1832
2. Issued a Proclamation to the People of SC
a. The Union could ________________________
b. Warned that “disunion by armed forces is treason”
c. Tensions high –Calhoun _____________________
3. Early 1833 – Jackson asked Congress to allow ____________________ to
collect its __________________________, by _______________ if
necessary.
4. At the same time, Jackson supported a bill that would lower the tariffs
5. March 1833 – Congress passed both laws.
c) South Carolina repeals tariff nullification
1. Unable to ______________________ for its position from other states, SC
_____________________________ its tariff ________________________
d) Issue of States’ rights remains
1. The debate continued – would remain until the ___________________ broke
out in 1861.
D. The End of the Jackson Era
1. VanBuren Succeeds Jackson
a) Political Backgound
1. _______________________________ during Jackson’s first term
2. _____________________________ during Jackson’s second term
3. Received majority of both the _________________________ votes.
2. The Panic of 1837
a) American economy slumps
1. Van Buren took office at a time when the American economy was
beginning a ___________________________________
2. Because Britain was experiencing an economic slowdown, British
manufacturers were buying _____________________________
3. Cotton prices ______________________________________--.
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4. American banks could not __________________________ they had
made to cotton growers – hundreds of banks _________________.
5. Result – ___________________________ – the Panic of 1837
i. The economic hard times that followed lasted 6 years.
ii. Hardships of those years ruined the _______________
presidency.
3. The Election of 1840
a) Van Buren Defeated
1. Van Buren ran for reelection against the Whig candidate __________
_____________________________________________-2. Whigs ran a skillful campaign
i. Used barbecues, picnics, parades and other forms of
entertainment to reach ________________________
ii. Portrayed Harrison as a “_____________________.”
3. Helped by the ___________________ campaign, ______________
easily defeated __________________________.
4. __________________ were in power and the ____________________
was over.
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