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Nutrition Autotrophic: _____________________ Autotrophs can make their own Food (Glucose) Heterotrophic: ________________________ Re: Ingest, digest, egest All Animal and fungi, some bacteria Plant, algae, and some bacteria Types of Digestion: 1. Mechanical/physical Digestion 2.Chemical Digestion 2 types of autotrophic nutrition Chemo synthesis Like Sulfur and Nitrogen to Make its’ own food Photosynthesis *Uses sunlight, CO2 And water to create sugar. **Uses 2 reactions a. Light reaction b. Dark reaction Where it Takes place: •Intracellular Digestion: occurs within the cell •Extracellular Digestion: occurs outside of cells, within an organ(s) Chapter 7 (autotrophic nutrition) Autotrophic 2 Types Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Blue green bacteria Algae Some Protists Plants Heterotrophic Ingest, digest, egest Some Some Monera Protists Fungi Animals Is algae a plant? _______, like land plants, capture the sun’s energy and support the food web that leads to fish and shellfish. They occur in a size range from tiny microscopic cells floating in the water column (__________) to large mats of visible “__________” that grow on bottom sediments. Why is it important? 75% of the earth oxygen What is phytoplankton? Phytoplankton: (from the Greek words phytos = plant and planktos = ________) Phytoplankton, __________ plant life that floats freely in the ____surface waters, may alter the color of the water. When a great number of the microscopic plants are concentrated in an area, the color of the ocean surface will change. This is called a "______." Microscopic plant life is at the base of the marine food web and is the primary food and energy source for the ocean ecosystem. ___________convert nutrients by using sunlight with the help of the green pigment chlorophyll. The _______ ________in the plants ________light, and the plants themselves scatter light. Together, these processes change the color of the ocean as seen by an observer looking downward into the sea. Very productive water with a lot of plankton appears blue-green. Very pure water appears deep-blue, almost black. Phytoplankton=Seaweeds + algae Seaweeds are algae and form Phytoplankton Seaweeds are algae and form Phytoplankton RED ALGAE BROWN / GOLD ALGAE GREEN ALGAE SEA GRASS WHAT IS A RED TIDE? _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Leaf Cross Section Photosynthesis Types of Chloroplasts: Chlorophyll a: Chlorophyll b: Chlorophyll c: Carentenoid: Wavelengths Photosynthesis:___________________________________________________ It is composed of two major reactions. 1. __________ reaction, aka __________ 2. __________ reaction, aka __________, or light independent phase Three factors affect photosynthetic rates: 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ USES ATTACHED DIAGRAM TO FOLLOW THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTIONS!! OVERVIEW Light Reaction Use of light energy to generate two high-energy compounds, ATP and NADPH2 1) ATP a) When light is absorbed by chlorophyll, some of its electrons become excited and leap out of the chlorophyll molecule, grabbed by energy receptors. b) The energy of these electrons is used to make ATP from ADP + Pi •2) NADPH2 •a) When light is absorbed by chlorophyll, some of its electrons become excited and leap out of the chlorophyll molecule, grabbed by energy receptors. b) These electrons are then used to convert NADP+ to NADPH2 •3) The lost electrons in chlorophyll are replaced from electrons of oxygen in water; When e- are removed from water, oxygen is produced as a by-product of photosynthesis, water is split -> 2H+ (protons) + 2e- + 1/2 O2 (gas) (Note - NADP+ + 2e- + 2H+ <-> NADPH2) Dark Reaction | Carbon-Fixing Reactions are also known as the Dark Reactions (or Light Independent Reactions). Carbon dioxide enters single-celled and aquatic autotrophs through no specialized structures, diffusing into the cells. Land plants must guard against drying out (desiccation) and so have evolved specialized structures known as stomata to allow gas to enter and leave the leaf. The Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Six molecules of carbon dioxide enter the Calvin Cycle, eventually producing one molecule of glucose.
