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The Constitution The Framers The Delegates to the Constitutional Convention were young They were remarkably well educated and experienced in politics Organization and Procedure George Washington was elected president of the convention Each State could cast one vote on an issue, and a majority of votes were needed to carry any proposal The Decision to write a new constitution The Philadelphia Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation Most delegates agreed that writing a new constitution was necessary The Seven Principles of the Constitution 1. __________________ 2. __________________ 3. __________________ 4. __________________ 5. __________________ 6. __________________ 7. __________________ ____________________ Is based on the belief that the __________________________________________________________ for their political ________________________________________. The Framers of the Constitution wanted the people to have a voice in government. However they thought that public opinion might stand in the way of sound decision making. Also, every state must have a Republican form of government _____________________________________________ The Framers restricted the power of government which prevents the abuse of power. _______________________________________________________________. This principle ensures that everyone must obey the law which prevents the abuse of power. ______________________ _______________________ “ We the people of the United States…” According to the above sentence who gives the government the power. _________________________________________________________________. Have all people always had the power in government. _______________ ___________________ This principle guarantees personal freedom. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ The Virginia plan called for a strong National Government with three separate branches It _____________________________ because the number of _____________ in the legislature would be _____________________________________________. ________________________________________________ The New Jersey Plan resembled the Articles of Confederation, but with increased power of the Federal Government to tax and regulate trade It _____________________________ because ______________________ was given ______________________________ in the _________________________. _____________________________________________ Disagreement over representation in Congress caused tempers to flare The Great Compromise settled the conflict __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ The question arose of whether slaves should be counted in population of the Southern States The delegates agreed to __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise Congress was forbidden to tax exports Congress could not act on the slave trade for at least 20 years A “Bundle of Compromises” Great differences of opinion existed among delegates Compromise was necessary on many issues Sources of the Constitution The Framers were all well educated The delegates drew from history, current political thought, and from their own experiences The Convention Completes Its Work The convention approved the Constitution Most delegates agreed that the Constitution was not perfect, but it was the best that they could produce ___________________________ This is the part that guarantees that the states and the national government work together. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ How? ___________________________________________ The Framers of the Constitution were afraid that too much power might fall into the hands of a single group. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ This is how power is evenly distributed. Each branch of government can exercise checks, or controls, over the other branches. Though the branches of government are separate, they rely on one another to perform the work of government. __________________________________________________________________ AMEMDING THE CONSTITUTION _____________________________ can be found in Article 5 Process can be found in Article 5 ______________________ the __________ structure of the ___________________ ______________________________________ Flexibility allows change ___________________________________________ of the Constitution INFORMAL AMENDMENTS Laws Passed by Congress Passed to fill in details about how the Government works Explain certain parts of the Constitution Executive Action Presidential interpretation Court Decisions The Supreme Court makes decisions that help explain part of the Constitution Party Practices Political parties help decide how people become government officials Customs Customs and Traditions help shape the Constitution FORMAL AMENDMENT PROCESS Outlined in Article 5 of the Constitution Several ways of amending Constitution Proposed by _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Or Proposed at a NATIONAL CONVENTION called by Congress when requested by 2/3 (34) of the state legislatures Ratified by the state LEGISLATURES in 3/4 (38) of the states Anti-Federalists vs. Federalists How did they get their names? Federalism ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Many felt that the state governments would be better at protecting the rights of the citizens than the federal government Federalists Anti-federalists ____________t the Constitution _______________ the constitution Wanted a _________________ Feared that a strong federal government National/Federal Government Include: ________________________, James Madison and John Jay They believed the ___________ would take away peoples’ rights Include: Patrick Henry, George Mason and Sam Adams. The major issue was the Bill of Rights __________________________of _________________________ Confederation ___________________________ __________________________ ___________________________ _____________________________ ___________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________that _____________________________ the anti-federalists wanted Written by Alexander Hamilton, John _________________________________ Jay and James Madison A series of 85 essays that appeared in __ have been approved. New York newspapers from 1787 to 1788 Urged the adoption of the Constitution The Constitution The Preamble Explains the purpose of the Constitution 7 Articles Each deal with a specific function Divided into sections 27 Amendments Formal changes to the Constitution Federalism in the Constitution: The Constitution divides the power to govern between the National and States government The Supreme Court settles any disputes Article IV makes the Constitution and Federal laws superior to state laws DELEGATED POWERS ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Article I, Section 8 ______________________________________________________ IMPLIED POWERS ____________________________________________________________ Implied by the Elastic Clause Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 ______________________________________________________ DENIED POWERS Powers that are denied to the National Government Powers that are denied to the States CONCURRENT POWERS ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ RESERVED POWERS Powers that are neither delegated to the National government nor denied to the State governments The power to make divorce laws ________________________________________________ SENATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ______________________________________________________ Article I _________________________________________________ PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT _________________________________ and treaties Article II ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Appellate Jurisdiction Original Jurisdiction The Presidents Role’s ______________________________________ Main architect of American foreign policy ______________________________________ Commands the nation’s armed forces ______________________________________ Sets the shape of public policy ______________________________________ Leader of the political party in power _____________________________________ The representative of all people Qualifications for the President Must be a ________________________________________ of the United States who has __________________________________ at least ______________________________ __________________________________________ years old The Presidents Term The President is elected to a _________________________________ The 22nd Amendment limits Presidents to ______________________________________ in office Benefits Salary - $200,000 per year plus $50,000 in expenses Use of the White House, Air Force One, Limos and Camp David