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Plate Tectonics & Rock Deformation Study Guide - Unit 4 1. Vocabulary o continental drift o supercontinent o mid-ocean ridge o sea floor spreading o paleomagnetism o magnetic reversal o magnetic symmetry o plate tectonics o Ring of Fire o lithosphere o continental crust o oceanic crust o asthenosphere o divergent boundary o convergent boundary o transform boundary o convection o crust (continental & oceanic) o mantle (upper & lower) o core (inner & outer) o ridge push o slab pull o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Pangea Gondwanaland Laurasia Wilson cycle isostasy rifting – rift zone terrane accretion sea mount coral atoll craton shield deformation uplift due to erosion subsidence due to deposition stress strain compression tension shear stress brittle ductile fold o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o fault limbs hinge axial plane overturned syncline anticline monocline fracture fault hanging wall footwall normal fault reverse fault thrust fault strike-slip fault mountain range mountain system mountain belt folded mountain plateau fault-block mountain dome mountain volcanic mountain Continental Drift 2. Why was Wegener’s hypothesis not originally accepted? 3. What were 3 forms of evidence that plate tectonics occurred according to Wegener? a. Be able to explain the reasons behind each piece of evidence. 4. What are mid-ocean ridges and why are they important? What happens at them? Where is the younger sediment found? 5. Which is older, continental crust or oceanic crust? 6. Where does sea-floor spreading occur? 7. Where does rifting occur? 8. Where are the oldest sediments in a mid-ocean ridge? a. Where is NEW ROCK formed? 9. What did paleomagnetism help scientists to discover? 10. What is magnetic symmetry and why does it occur? Plate Tectonics 11. Scientists use the terms “crust, mantle and core” as well as “lithosphere and asthenosphere.” What is the difference between these layers? 12. Which is more dense, continental crust or oceanic crust? 13. Tectonic plates are also indicated by what two geologic features? Types of Plate Boundaries 14. What are the 3 types of plate boundaries? a. Know the direction of movement. b. Know where it happens. c. Know examples of each. 15. What is the difference between a fracture and a fault? 16. What 3 things cause plate motion (p. 252 – 254)? Cycles 17. How long does a cycle last? 18. What continents did Pangea break up into? 19. When did Pangea first form? 20. When did it start to break apart? 21. Where will Los Angeles be compared to San Francisco in 150 my? Isostasy 22. What two layers of the Earth need to find a balance? 23. What 3 factors can influence the isostasy of the crust? 24. What is the difference between compression, tension and shear stress? 25. What causes permanent strain? 26. What factors affect strain? Folds 27. Know the anatomy of a fold. 28. Know the three types of a fold. Faults 29. Be able to describe each type of fault, their motions and the type of boundary. Mountains 30. Know the difference between: a. Continent – continent collisions b. Oceanic – continent collisions c. Continent – continent collisions 31. Folded mountains 32. plateaus 33. fault-block 34. grabens 35. dome 36. volcanic