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Stellar Properties/Evolution Review Sheet 1. It has been determined that all stars have the same general composition (90% H, 9% He, trace amounts of heavy elements). If this is the case, explain why stars of different temperatures show different spectral line patterns. 2. Use the table to answer the following questions. Star Spectral Type m M Procyon Arcturus Vega Achernar GL 725A Canopus Centauri F5 K2 0.37 -0.06 0.04 0.45 8.9 -0.62 0.01 2.6 -0.3 0.05 -2.77 11.16 -5.53 4.38 A0 B3 M3 A9 G2 a. Which star is the hottest? Coolest? b. Which star looks most red? Most blue? c. Which star is the most luminous? Least luminous? d. Which star appears the brightest? Faintest? e. Which star’s spectrum shows the strongest Balmer lines of Hydrogen? f. Which star’s spectrum most resembles the Sun’s? g. Which star is the closest (find m-M)? h. Which star has the smallest parallax angle? i. Which star can’t be seen without the use of a telescope? j. How is it possible that Canopus is more luminous than Achernar, given their respective spectral types? 3. List the evolutionary stages of the Sun’s life cycle & describe how its size (Radius), temperature, and luminosity changes with each stage. 4. Reorder the stars according to the Harvard Spectral Classification System and then answer the questions that follow. Star Spectral Type Procyon Arcturus Vega Achernar Betelgeuse Meissa Polaris Centauri F5 K2 Reordered Stars (Star Names) A0 B3 M2 O8 F8 G2 5. HR Diagram & Stellar Evolution – Circle the star that correctly answers each question. Use the information found on the HR Diagram that has been provided to answer the following questions. Which of the following stars took the longest time to form? Vega Altair Sun Which of the following stars will live the shortest amount of time on the Main Sequence? Sirius A Altair Barnard’s Star Which of the following stars has the smallest size? Procyon B Barnard’s Star Sun Which of the following stars is a stellar remnant? Spica Sirius B Wolf 359 Which of the following stars is presently fusing Hydrogen into Helium in its core? Arcturus Regulus Procyon B Which of the following stars will eventually have a core made of Iron? Sun Regulus Sirius B Which of the following stars has the greatest chance of turning into a black hole? Pollux Barnard’s Star Deneb Which of the following stars is fusing Helium into Carbon in its core? Altair Sirius A Betelgeuse Which of the following stars is most luminous? Regulus Proxima Centauri Aldeberan Which of the following stars most recently used up its core supply of Hydrogen? Procyon A Pollux Arcturus