Download Review Sheet // Study Guide: ESS Semester II 2002

Review Sheet // Study Guide: ESS Semester I 2014
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Construct a written study guide for the exam using these questions.
This review sheet is in addition to the 2 cross word puzzles you received in class. The crossword
puzzles cover more of the definition and matching type questions on the exam. You should know
all the words in the puzzle and be able to identify the definition
Use your class notes and your text. Look up all the answers yourself.
Remember that this exam is 20% of your semester grade and you need to spend time outside of
class to study for it!!!
You will be allowed to bring one 81/2 x 11, one-side only memory aid into the exam. Anything
different will not be allowed. It will be turned in with the exam. It must be an original copy in
your own handwriting – no photocopied material allowed.
Astronomy
1. Be able to explain in great detail what causes the seasons. What and when are the solstices and equinoxes,
when is the earth closer/farther and tilted toward/away from the sun? What is the longest/shortest day of
the year?
Label spring, summer, winter, fall, perihelion and aphelion in this diagram of the seasons.
On the seasons diagram to the right, be able to identify spring, fall,
winter, summer, Dec 21 path, June 21 path, Equinox,
Sostice, sun rising east and setting west, shortest day, longest day.
2. How do astronomers determine the composition and surface temperature of a star?
3. What is the difference between actual motion and apparent motion of stars? Give examples of each.
4. What is the difference between absolute and apparent magnitude?
5. Which star is the brighter one with an apparent magnitude of 4 or –1?
6. What happens during the various stages of stellar evolution? The diagram on page 560 gives a good
summary. Don’t just memorize the diagram…you also need to know what happens during each stage
7. Why do we always see the same side of the moon?
8. Be able to explain in great detail what causes moon phases. Also be able to identify the names of the
phases and the difference between waxing and waning. How many days does it take to go through a cycle
of phases? Be able to draw them in order and name them.
What phase is at position 1 ,2, 3, and 4?
What position would it be possible for a solar eclipse?
Lunar Eclispe?
9. What happens during a solar and lunar eclipse? Be able to draw a diagram and label the umbra and
penumbra in each.
10. Know the parts of the sun and what happens in each part.
Be able to label the parts on a diagram. Core, Radiative Zone,
Convective Zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona, Sunspots
11. What is the difference between prominences, coronal mass ejections and the solar wind?
12. What is right ascension and declination used for? Be able to find these coordinates on a chart.
Geology
13. Know the following laws & principles: The law of superposition, the principle of original horizontality,
Uniformitarianism, and the law of cross cutting relationships.
14. Be able to identify normal & reverse faults; be able to label hanging wall & foot wall
15. Know the types of fossils and how they form? (Mummification, Amber, Mold, Tar bed, Cast, Trace Fossil,
Petrification, Imprint, and Freezing.
16. Be able to distinguish between the types of folds (anticline, syncline, monocline) and the types of
unconformities (angular, nonconformity, and disconformity)
17. What is the difference between absolute age and relative age?
18. What is a half-life and an isotope?
19. Be able to interpret a geologic cross section.
20. What is a mineral? What is color, hardness, streak, cleavage, fracture, luster as it relates to minerals?
21. What are the 3 categories of rocks and how do they form.
22. Be able to read a ternary diagram.