Download Chapter 13: Preserving and Restoring Nature

Chapter 15: Preserving and Restoring Nature
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
_________3. The United States' first two national parks are
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Glacier and Great Smoky Mountains.
Yellowstone and Everglades.
Olympic and Yosemite.
Yosemite and Yellowstone.
Great Smoky Mountains and Yellowstone.
_________4. _________ is believed to be the first national park in the world.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Glacier National Park
Yellowstone National Park
Banff-Jasper National Park
Yosemite National Park
Great Smoky Mountains
_________5. National parks are an important part of our heritage,
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
and they remain pristine and undisturbed because of their park status.
but they lack any protection from mining, logging, and grazing.
but they are endangered by overcrowding, pollution, and in some places, mining.
that unfortunately exist only in remote inaccessible areas.
but they are endangered by overcrowding.
_________6. Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has _______ and park budgets have ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
increased by more than one half; increased by about 25%
increased by one third; decreased by about 25%
decreased by more than one half; decreased by about 25%
decreased by one third; increased by about 25%
stayed about the same; decreased by about 25%
_________7. One way to control herd sizes in national parks is the reintroduction of predators, but this course
is opposed by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
animal rights activists.
neighbors and local ranchers.
wilderness advocates.
scientists.
park rangers.
_________8. Which of the following factors is probably the most important in the success of the
reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The cooperation of local residents.
The genetic diversity in the population.
The availability of prey species.
The hybridization of the species with coyotes.
Both "The cooperation of local residents" and "The availability of prey species."
_________9. As officially defined by Congress in the 1964 Wilderness Act, "wilderness" is
A. any area with important scenic, historic, and recreational value.
B. undeveloped land where humans have little impact and temporary presence, and visitors can find
solitude.
C. a place where people live in harmony with nature, building only low-impact structures and roads.
D. an area of at least 10,000 acres with no human intrusion.
E. an area of at least 10,000 acres with low-impact development by humans
_________11. Many rural communities object to nearby wilderness designations because they
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
depend on natural resources in the area.
dislike and misunderstand wildlife.
object to subsidies for wildlife.
dislike having wilderness nearby.
object to all of the campers and hikers who visit the area.
_________12. Wilderness proponents emphasize that ninety-six percent of the United States is open to
development; the remaining four percent consists mainly of areas developers
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
could not enter because of legal restrictions.
felt was too beautiful to ruin.
agreed was culturally important.
could not reach or did not want.
agreed was important for ecological services.
_________15. The boundaries of a park or nature preserve are usually based on
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
how much land can be effectively managed.
political considerations.
animal territories.
an entire ecosystem.
watersheds.
_________16. Poor people in developing countries often threaten wildlife preserves because
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
they dislike unsettled territory.
they need the resources to survive.
they enjoy sport hunting.
vandalism is a popular use of spare time.
their religion often emphasizes the action of dominating wildlife.
_________17. Which part of a biosphere reserve has the most intensive human impact?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the core zone
the buffer zone
the multiple use zone
there is no human impact in a biosphere reserve.
there is the same amount of human impact throughout the biosphere reserve
_________18. If managed carefully, ecotourism benefits natural areas by giving economic value to land and
water resources
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
that have no other value.
that no one is interested in.
that never existed before.
without destroying them.
All of these are economic benefits of carefully managed ecotourism.
_________20. Corridors have the potential to effectively enlarge which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
preserve areas
genetic pools
feeding ranges
areas of refuge against natural disasters (e.g., fire)
Corridors have the potential to enlarge all of these.
_________24. The amount of interior area in a preserve is important because
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
humans and other hardy species encroach on preserve margins.
it is more economical to buy large land areas.
many threatened species cannot survive environmental conditions on preserve margins.
All of these.
Both "humans and other hardy species encroach on preserve margins" and "many threatened species
cannot survive environmental conditions on preserve margins."
_________30. Wetlands are critical for wildlife survival because they
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
are productive sources of food.
allow animals too cool off.
contain few, but rare, species.
provide vast amounts of habitat.
All of these are reasons wetlands are critical for wildlife survival.
_________31. Wetlands and floodplains control flooding by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
temporarily storing water.
diverting water to other drainage basins.
evaporating most of the water.
helping rain flow faster into rivers.
Wetlands and floodplains control flooding by all of the above methods.
_________32. Floods are worse after levees are built and wetlands are drained because
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
water moves into rivers more quickly.
rainfall becomes more intense per unit area.
the total volume of water increases.
people complain more about damage.
All of these are reasons floods are worse after levees are built and wetlands are drained.
_________33. Which of the following perspectives is not a difference between ecosystem management and
traditional policies of the past?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Humans cannot be separated from nature.
Scientific knowledge is provisional and as more knowledge is gained, policies change.
Scientific knowledge is the basis for management since science is free from bias.
Ecosystem management requires a high level of routine monitoring.
All of these are perspectives that reflect a difference between ecosystem management and traditional
policies of the past.
_________36. The first wildlife refuges were established in the United States shortly after 1960.
A. True
B. False
_________37. Hunting is not allowed in wildlife refuges.
A. True
B. False
_________38. Flood-control structures on all rivers help decrease the level of floods when there are especially
hard rains.
A. True
B. False
ESSAY AP PREP
3. For decades, forest fires in the United States have been suppressed. In 2003 legislation was passed under the Healthy
Forests Initiative (HFI) in response to the record-breaking wildfires that had occurred in the early 2000s. Some
environmental and conservation groups fear that negative impacts could result if timber companies are encouraged to
harvest medium- and large-size trees in federally owned forests while clearing away the smaller trees and underbrush.
(a) Identify TWO characteristics of forests that develop when fires are suppressed, and explain why the practice of fire
suppression does not reduce, but actually increases, the risk of intense and extensive forest fires.
(b) The effects of the HFI are expected to extend beyond fire reduction. Excluding fire reduction, describe ONE
positive and ONE negative effect likely to result from the implementation of the provisions of the HFI.
(c) Describe TWO ecosystem services provided for humans by forests. Explain how clear-cutting would affect
each ecosystem service you describe.
(d) Identify a specific type of plant community or biome (other than a forest) that is naturally maintained by fire.
Explain how the fire maintains the community or biome.
Chapter 13: Preserving and Restoring Nature Key
1.B
2.A
3.D
4.B
5.C
6.B
7.B
8.E
9.B
10.D
11.A
12.D
13.B
14.D
15.B
16.B
17.C
18.D
19.A
20.E
21.C
22.B
23.C
24.E
25.A
26.D
27.B
28.C
29.D
30.A
31.A
32.A
33.C
34.A
35.C
36.B
37.B
38.B
39.A
40.For a total of 10 points (Note: The numbers can be changed to fit your assessment needs.)
10 = Provided an accurate depiction of how fragmentation occurs; Drew corridors between the fragmented areas
5 = Provided a fairly accurate depiction of how fragmentation occurs; Drew lines between the fragmented areas
0 = Provided an inaccurate depiction of how fragmentation occurs; Did not connect the fragmented areas