Download 5 Existing built heritage resources

Contents
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2
2.1
2.2
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
5
5.1
5.2
6
6.1
7
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
10
Introduction
1
Origin and scope of the report
1
Site status
1
Development Proposal
2
Aims and objectives
2
Methodology and sources consulted
3
Sources
3
Figures and Gazetteers
3
Legislative and planning framework
5
Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site
5
Statutory protection
5
Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest
6
National planning policy guidance
6
Regional guidance: The London Plan
7
Local Planning Policy
7
The Royal Park
10
Topography and Historical Development of the Site
12
Topography
12
Historical Development of the Site
12
ADDENDUM: Land on Blackheath.
18
Existing built heritage resources
20
Surviving built heritage resources
20
Assessment of the built heritage resource
20
Impact of proposals
22
Proposals and further assessment
22
Conclusions
23
London Olympics Equestrian Centre Built Heritage Gazetteer
24
Greenwich Park
24
National Maritime Museum
34
Old Royal Naval College
41
Bibliography
52
General sources
52
Site specific sources
52
Unpublished archaeological investigation reports
53
Other Sources
53
Cartographic sources
53
Built Heritage Descriptions from the National Monument Record of Greater
London
55
10.1 Greenwich Park
55
10.2 National Maritime Museum
58
10.3 Royal Naval College
63
i
Figures
Fig 9B.1 Site location and major divisions of the study area
Fig 9B.2 Plan of Greenwich Park, dated 1693
Fig 9B.3 Rocque’s map dated 1746
Fig 9B.4 Survey of Greenwich Hospital, dated 1849
Fig 9B.5 Wellers’ plan of Greenwich Park, dated to the 1860s
Fig 9B.6 Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” map of 1869 (not to scale)
Fig 9B.7A–C Built heritage
Note: site outlines may appear differently on some figures owing to distortions in historic
maps. North is approximate on early maps.
ii
1
Introduction
1.1
Origin and scope of the report
1.1.1
The London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games and Paralympic
Games Limited (LOCOG) have commissioned Museum of London Archaeology
(MOLA) to carry out a built heritage assessment in advance of proposed
development at the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site (National Grid
Reference 539044 177294, Fig 9B.1). The development proposal comprises the
construction of the London Olympics Equestrian Centre for the 2012 Olympic and
Paralympic Games.
1.1.2
The Site is essentially formed of three components, which comprise, from south
to north:



Greenwich Park,
The National Maritime Museum (NMM), and
The Old Royal Naval College (ORNC).
1.1.3
The Site is bounded by the River Thames to the north; by King William Walk,
Crooms Hill and Chesterfield Walk to the west; Charlton Way and Blackheath to
the south; and by Maze Hill, Park Vista and Park Row to the east.
1.1.4
This assessment forms a Technical Appendix to an ES Chapter (Chapter 9) on
Cultural Heritage required relation to the planning process in order that the local
authority can formulate appropriate responses in the light of any identified built
heritage resource. Other Technical Appendices address Archaeological
(Technical Appendix 9A) and Historical Landscape (Technical Appendix 9C)
Cultural Heritage Resources
1.1.5
The assessment has been carried out in accordance with the standards specified
by the Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA 2001), English Heritage (EH 1998,
1999), and the Association of Local Government Archaeological Officers. Under
the ‘Copyright, Designs and Patents Act’ 1988 MOLA retains the copyright to this
document.
1.1.6
Note: within the limitations imposed by dealing with historical material and maps,
the information in this document is, to the best knowledge of the authors and
MOLA, correct at the time of writing. Further investigation, more information
about the nature of the present structures, and/or more detailed proposals for
development may require changes to all or parts of the document.
1.2
Site status
1.2.1
The Site is highly sensitive both in terms of archaeology and built heritage. The
Site falls entirely within the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site (being
slightly smaller than it), the Greenwich Park and West Greenwich Conservation
Areas, an area of Metropolitan Open Land, the Greenwich Thames Policy Area
and an Area of Archaeological Potential as defined by the London Borough of
Greenwich.
1.2.2
The southern part of the Site – Greenwich Park – is a Grade I registered park,
which contains 13 statutorily-listed structures, including the Royal Observatory.
The Park is subject to a management plan (Greenwich Park Management Plan,
1
2007). Of the listed structures, five have been listed at Grade I and seven have
been listed at Grade II.
1.2.3
1.3
1.3.1
1.4
1.4.1
To the north, the Site covers the ORNC and the NMM. The grounds of the ORNC
comprise a Scheduled Ancient Monument: Greenwich Hospital / ORNC. Within
the grounds are a number of statutorily-listed structures covered by six Grade I
listings and 13 Grade II listings. In some cases, an individual listing covers more
than one building. Most of the existing buildings in the grounds of the NMM are
also listed. The main complex of museum buildings, ranging around Queen’s
House (the site of which is a Scheduled Ancient Monument), is covered by a
single Grade I listing. Other structures within the museum grounds are protected
by 10 Grade II listings.
Development Proposal
The development proposals for the London Olympic Equestrian Park will entail
the erection of temporary structures comprising a 23,000 seat arena, sporting
facilities (training and competition areas including a cross-country course in
Greenwich Park), stabling, offices, and services.
Aims and objectives
The aim of the assessment is to identify and assess the significance of built
heritage resources that may be affected by the proposals.
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2
Methodology and sources consulted
2.1
Sources
2.1.1
For the purposes of this report, the documentary and cartographic sources,
including results from any cultural heritage investigations in close proximity to the
area of proposed development were examined in order to provide a baseline
understanding of the distribution and significance of built heritage resources
within the Site.
2.1.2
Published and unpublished literature relevant to the site and its wider context
were studied. This included statutory national and local regulations, reports and
management plans and unpublished reports – see Bibliography.
2.1.3
In addition, information in the following sources was consulted:
2.1.4
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
British National Copyright Library – Ordnance Survey maps
British Geological Survey (BGS) – geology map
Greenwich Heritage Centre – historic maps and published histories and
unpublished past investigations
Greenwich Borough Council – information on locally listed buildings
LOCOG – architectural drawings, existing 2D topographical survey (Plowman
Craven drawing date Oct 2007).
London Archaeological Archive and Resource Centre (LAARC). A public archive
of past investigations and is managed by the Museum of London.
National Archives (TNA) – documentary sources and maps
National Monuments Record (NMR). Managed by English Heritage, containing
information on statutory designations including Scheduled Ancient
Monuments and listed buildings.
The assessment has been facilitated by extensive MOLA involvement in the area
in the past resulting in detailed knowledge of the topography and existing land
use as well as its history, archaeology and architecture. Different areas of the
whole Site have been examined many times over the last ten or so years and
have been recently visited again in conjunction with this report.
Figures and Gazetteers
For the purposes of the gazetteers, the Site was divided into its three main
constituent areas (see Fig 9B.1):
 Greenwich Park (GP),
 National Maritime Museum (NMM area), and
 Old Royal Naval College (ORNC area).

Figs 9B.2 to 9B.6 show the Site as depicted on historic mapping. Fig 9B.7 shows
the mapped built heritage features within the Site.
Features have been given assessment reference numbers, as listed in the
gazetteers at the back of this report. The numbering system has been carried
forward from the Archaeological Assessment Report first prepared in 2008
(Technical Appendix 9A) for the London Olympics Equestrian Centre. According
to this system, the numbers assigned to all built heritage features are prefixed by
a ‘B’. Built heritage features within Greenwich Park are assigned numbers in the
1000s (i.e. B1001, B1002, etc.), built heritage features within the grounds of the
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NMM are assigned numbers in the 200s (i.e. B200, B201, etc.) and built heritage
features within the grounds of the ORNC are assigned numbers in the 3000s (i.e.
B3001, B3002, etc.). These reference numbers are used in the text and on the
relevant figures. References to archaeological (AF) and landscape (L) features
may be made the relevant assessment should be consulted for additional detail.
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3
Legislative and planning framework
3.1
Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site
3.1.1
The Site lies within the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site (WHS). The
WHS includes the historic centre of Greenwich Town with the architectural
masterpieces and designed landscapes of the Royal Naval College, National
Maritime Museum, and the Royal Park. Maritime Greenwich was inscribed on the
UNESCO list of WHS in December 1997, in recognition of the outstanding
universal architectural and historic significance of this group of buildings and
spaces.
3.1.2
The Maritime Greenwich WHS Management Plan follows the format set out in the
UNESCO guidelines for managing World Heritage Sites. It describes and
evaluates the site so that the significance of the cultural assets and the need to
conserve them are fully understood. It states that “Maritime Greenwich is now
ranked among the most famous and prestigious heritage sites in the world” (EH
2004, preface).
3.1.3
The Plan identifies the main issues affecting the World Heritage Site and
suggests the objectives and programmes of action necessary to ensure the
holistic and coordinated management of it. It provides a framework for the
activities taking place in the area, which will ensure that the heritage qualities and
character, which make Maritime Greenwich such a special and unique place, are
protected. It complements but does not supersede the local plan drawn up by the
London Borough of Greenwich, and supports the strategies and programmes of
the agencies and site owners who are working towards the regeneration of the
area.
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
Statutory protection
Scheduled Ancient Monuments
Nationally important archaeological sites may be identified and protected under
the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. An application to the
Secretary of State is required for any works affecting a Scheduled Monument
(also known as ‘Scheduled Ancient Monument’) or its setting. The protection
afforded to Scheduled Ancient Monuments applies to the ground and to features
below ground. Buildings are covered by statutory listing as discussed in Sections
3.2.3 and 3.2.4, below.
Town and Country Planning Act 1990
The Town and County Planning system provides a framework for the protection
of archaeological or historic remains that may be affected by development,
principally through the application of the relevant Planning Policy Guidance Notes
(PPGs). PPG Note 16 provides national planning guidance in relation to
archaeology and this policy is reflected in county and local plan policy.
Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
The Act sets out the legal requirements for the control of development and
alterations which affect buildings, including those which are statutorily listed or
are within conservation areas, and the framework by which control is maintained.
Buildings which are listed or which lie within a conservation area are protected by
law.
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3.2.4
3.2.5
3.3
The Secretary of State for the Environment is required to compile lists of
buildings of special architectural or historic interest. The buildings are classified in
grades to show their relative importance as follows:
Grade I (Grade One): These are buildings of exceptional interest.
Grade II* (Grade Two Star): These are particularly important buildings of more
than special interest.
Grade II (Grade Two): These are buildings of special interest, which warrant
every effort being made to preserve them.
The Site contains numerous listed buildings, plotted on Fig 9.B7A–C, and
described in the relevant area gazetteers (Sections 8.1 – 8.3) below.
Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest
3.3.1
Greenwich Park is a Grade I Registered Park and Garden of Special Historic
Interest. Although inclusion of an historic park or garden on the Register in itself
brings no additional statutory controls, local authorities are required by central
government to make provision for the protection of the historic environment in
their policies and their allocation of resources. Registration is a material
consideration in planning terms (PPG15, 2.24) so, following an application for
development that would affect a registered park or garden, local planning
authorities must, when determining whether or not to grant permission, take into
account the historic interest of the site.
3.3.2
To ensure that local planning authorities have the appropriate professional advice
when considering such applications, they are required to consult the Garden
History Society on all applications affecting registered sites, regardless of the
grade of the site (see Central Government Circular 9/95, and summary in
Environment Circular 14/97 /Culture, Media and Sport Circular 1/97).
3.4
3.4.1
National planning policy guidance
In 1994, the Department of the Environment published its Planning Policy
Guidance Note 15: planning and the historic environment (PPG15). This sets out
the Secretary of State’s policy on the visible remains of historic buildings, spaces
and structures, and provides recommendations many of which have been
integrated into local development plans. The key points in PPG15 can be
summarised as follows:
It is fundamental to the Government’s policies for environmental stewardship that
there should be effective protection for all aspects of the historic environment. The
physical survivals of our past are to be valued and protected for their own sake, as
a central part of our cultural heritage and our sense of national identity. They are
an irreplaceable record which contributes, through formal education and in many
other ways, to our understanding of both the present and the past.
The Secretary of State attaches particular importance to early consultation with the
local planning authority on development proposals which would affect historic sites
and structures, whether listed buildings, conservation areas, parks and gardens,
battlefields or the wider historic landscape. There is likely to be much more scope
for refinement and revision of proposals if consultation takes place before
intentions become firm and timescales inflexible.
Local planning authorities should also consider, in all cases of alteration or
demolition, whether it would be appropriate to make it a condition of consent that
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applicants arrange suitable programmes of recording of features that would be
destroyed in the course of the works for which consent is being sought.
3.4.2
PPG15 specifies about development in World Heritage Sites as follows:
Inclusion [of a site in the World Heritage List] does, however, highlight the
outstanding international importance of the site as a key material consideration to
be taken into account by local planning authorities in determining planning and
listed building consent applications, …
Each local authority concerned, taking account of World Heritage Site designation
and other relevant statutory designations, should formulate specific planning
policies for protecting these sites and include these policies in their development
plans. Policies should reflect the fact that all these sites have been designated for
their outstanding universal value, and they should place great weight on the need
to protect them for the benefit of future generations as well as our own.
Development proposals affecting sites or their setting may be compatible with this
objective, but should always be carefully scrutinised for their likely effect on the site
or its setting in the longer term.
3.5
3.5.1
Regional guidance: The London Plan
The over–arching strategies and policies for the whole of the Greater London
area are contained within the GLA’s London Plan (Feb 2008) also include
statements relating to built heritage:
Policy 4B.11 London’s built heritage
The Mayor will work with strategic partners to protect and enhance London’s
historic environment. DPD policies should seek to maintain and increase the
contribution of the built heritage to London’s environmental quality, to the economy,
both through tourism and the beneficial use of historic assets, and to the well-being
of London’s people while allowing for London to accommodate growth in a
sustainable manner.
3.5.2
The GLA’s London Plan specifies about development in World Heritage Sites as
follows:
Policy 4B.14 World Heritage Sites
The Mayor will work with the relevant boroughs, English Heritage and site owners
and occupiers to agree and to implement management plans for London’s World
Heritage Sites. DPDs and management plans should contain policies that protect
their historic significance and safeguard, and where appropriate enhance their
settings. In considering planning applications the Mayor will, and boroughs should,
take account of, and give appropriate weight to, the provisions of the World
Heritage Site Management Plans.
3.5.3
3.6
3.6.1
In addition, the London Plan states that in respect of Metropolitan Open Land (MOL)
DPDs shall “include a presumption against inappropriate development of MOL and
give the same level of protection as the green belt. Essential facilities for appropriate
uses will only be acceptable where they do not have an adverse impact on the
openness of MOL.”
Local Planning Policy
The Greenwich Unitary Development Plan was adopted on the 20th of July 2006.
While the first Local Development Framework is being produced (planned to be
completed in 2010), the Greenwich UDP will continue to serve as the statutory
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Development Plan for the borough (together with the London Plan). The
document sets out the local authority’s policies in relation to archaeology and
adheres to the principles of national planning guidance PPG15 (see above). The
relevant policies in relation to statutorily-listed buildings are set out below:
D18 There will be a presumption in favour of the preservation of Listed Buildings.
Listed Building Consent will only be granted for demolition or partial demolition in
exceptional circumstances, and will be assessed against the following criteria:
i. The condition of the building and the cost of repairs relative to its importance.
ii. The adequacy of efforts made to return the building in use.
iii. The merits of alternative proposals for the site.
D19 Proposals for external or internal alterations or additions to Listed Buildings
should respect the integrity of the buildings, and harmonise with their special
architectural or historic character. Where consent is required for internal
alterations, features of interest should be respected and left in-situ wherever
possible.
D20 The Council will resist proposals for development which would detract from
the setting and proportions of a Listed Building or group.
D21 Proposals for changes of use of Listed Buildings will only be granted planning
permission if it is no longer in its original or other established historic use and the
new use is beneficial to the building and is compatible with its character and
features of historic interest. Such a change of use should not conflict with other
policies in the Plan.
D22 The Council will assist English Heritage to maintain and revise regularly, a
Register of Listed Buildings at risk from neglect and decay. The Council will
promote action, including the use of building repair notices and urgent works
notices, where appropriate, to bring about the reuse and repair of buildings on the
register.
D23 In considering proposals affecting buildings on the Local List of Buildings of
Architectural or Historic Interest, substantial weight will be given to protecting and
conserving the particular characteristics that account for their designation.
Consequently, proposals for the demolition or unsympathetic alteration of Locally
Listed Buildings will be discouraged.
3.6.2
As referred to in UDP policy D23, above, Greenwich Council maintains a Local
List of Buildings of Architectural or Historic Interest. This list is separate from the
statutory list compiled by the Secretary of State for the Environment, and
inclusion on the local list does not entail statutory protection for the structures so
listed. Nevertheless, buildings included on the Local List are recognised as
important components of the Borough’s built heritage that must be conserved.
3.6.3
The Site contains a number of statutorily-listed buildings and Scheduled
Monuments which are set-pieces by some of the most eminent post-medieval
European architects including Inigo Jones, Christopher Wren, John Webb and
Nicholas Hawksmoor. In addition, three structures within the Site – specifically,
two sculptural monuments and an 18th-century conduit house – have been
locally listed.
3.6.4
The Greenwich UDP policies addressing conservation areas are as follows:
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D16 Planning permission will only be granted for proposals which preserve or
enhance the character or appearance of Conservation Areas, taking into account
local scale, the established pattern of development and landscape, building form
and materials. Where the character or appearance of a Conservation Area is
threatened by inappropriate development the Council will seek to control these
through the use of Article 4 Directions. Development on sites in the vicinity of a
Conservation Area and which would have a visual effect on its character or
appearance, should respect the setting of that area.
D17 Demolition of buildings and structures that positively contribute to the
character or appearance of a conservation area will be resisted. Conservation Area
consent for the demolition of buildings will normally be given only when planning
permission has been granted for redevelopment which complies with the
requirements of Policy D16.When demolition is permitted it will be subject to the
building remaining until a contract for redevelopment is let.
3.6.5
As noted in Section 1.2.1, above, the Site is partly within the Greenwich Park
Conservation Area (to the south) and partly within the West Greenwich
Conservation Area (to the north).
3.6.6
Specifically in relation to the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site, the
Greenwich UDP states:
TC7 The Council will protect and enhance the site and setting of the Maritime
Greenwich World Heritage Site, as defined on the Proposals Map. Development
within it should preserve and enhance its essential and unique character and
appearance. Views and vistas to and from the World Heritage Site will also be
protected by ensuring that developments in the buffer zone of the Site or directly
visible from it are visually sympathetic.
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Reason
8.20 The Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site was inscribed in 1997 under the
1972 World Heritage Convention. It formed the sixteenth World Heritage Site in the
UK, in recognition of its outstanding and internationally significant universal value.
It comprises one of the finest and most dramatically sited architectural and
landscape ensembles in the British Isles. It includes the historic centre of the town
with the architectural masterpieces and designed landscape of the Old Royal Naval
College, National Maritime Museum and extending outside the town centre to
include the Royal Park. The strong historical association of the area with
shipbuilding, seafaring, the navy, royalty and the measurement of time and
distance, combine with the brilliant architectural expressions of them within a
historic landscape, to make Greenwich unique.
8.21 PPG15 Planning and Historic Environment states that the inclusion of a site
on the World Heritage List highlights its outstanding international importance as a
key material consideration to be taken into account by local planning authorities in
determining planning applications and listed building consent applications.
Guidance stresses that sites should be protected for the benefit of future
generations, and that development proposals affecting sites or their buffer zones
require careful scrutiny for their likely effect on sites, or their settings in the longer
term. To achieve this planning authorities are advised to formulate specific
planning policies for protecting World Heritage Sites.
8.22 The Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site Management Plan (2005)
provides a framework for the activities that take place in the Site, whilst ensuring
that they do not conflict with the need to protect the heritage qualities that make
Maritime Greenwich such a special and unique place. It sets out aims and
objectives for the Site and a programme of long and short-term actions. Both the
Site and the buffer zone are also protected by Conservation Area designation.
3.7
3.7.1
The Royal Park
In January 2007, The Royal Parks produced a ‘Draft subject to Consultation’ of
the Greenwich Park Management Plan. The Royal Park’s policy towards the built
heritage within Greenwich Park was laid down as follows (Royal Parks, 2007,
Part 3, Section 16, 113–114):
Policy BUIL1: Buildings and Structures
Greenwich Park is characterised by its topography, trees, green spaces and the
views out to the magnificent collection of buildings which surround the Park. The
management policy will be to maintain this contrast and juxtaposition by enhancing
the visual continuity with the surrounding buildings and constraining further built
development within the Park.
3.7.2
In addition, the Plan includes the following information on management
guidelines:
Management Guidelines: Buildings and Structures
BUIL1.1: Existing Buildings
The existing buildings will be used and maintained in a manner appropriate to the
Royal Park and occupation of as many park lodges as practicable by key staff of
the TRP or ROOCU will be encouraged.
BUIL1.2: New Buildings
10
Generally there will be a presumption against the construction of additional new
buildings in Greenwich Park and this will only be contemplated when these are
considered essential for public use and enjoyment and no existing building can be
used.
BUIL1.3: Historic buildings and lodges
The historic lodges within the control of the TRP – St. Mary’s Gate Lodge,
Vanburgh Gate Lodge, Blackheath Gate Lodge, The Pavilion Teahouse – will be
maintained to a high standard and their setting managed to retain an appropriate
relationship to the Park. Where other buildings of historical importance are
managed by other agencies TRP will continue to encourage their proper
conservation.
BUIL1.4: Later buildings
Later buildings or structures that make a positive and historically appropriate visual
contribution to the parks shall be maintained and refurbished (if necessary) and
new uses found as appropriate. Buildings in a good state of repair and use but
which do not fulfil these criteria will be maintained and phased out when they reach
the end of their viable life.
BUIL1.5: Buildings surrounding the Park
Any proposals for buildings surrounding the Park must be considered in the light of
the impact that they may have on the character and setting of the Park. This policy
applies not only the architectural ensemble of Grade I listed buildings but also the
surrounding villas and houses on Maze Hill and Crooms Hill. Close co-operation
between the National Maritime Museum and Royal Park Agency will be required to
ensure that small scale landscape details such as signing/location of park
furniture/landscape maintenance and horticultural management regimes are
visually integrated.
BUIL1.6: Derelict or superfluous buildings
In cases where buildings have become redundant there may be an opportunity for
renewal/refurbishment/replacement. Any proposals should be undertaken within
the footprint of the existing building curtilage where possible and of an aesthetic
design appropriate to the parkland setting. Careful consideration should be taken if
restoration of the 1660’s plan requires relocation of buildings. The Lodge at
Blackheath Gate has potential as a possible administrative and visitor centre at the
southern gateway to the WHS.
Where appropriate, building conversions should not result in an increase in
vehicular traffic in the Park.
Where buildings have become redundant and are of no architectural/historic merit
demolition and restoration of the area as parkland may be the most practical
option. Removal of some of the derelict glasshouses in the contractors yard in the
south-east corner of the Park, for example, will allow part of this area to be reintegrated with the Wilderness.
BUIL1.6: Setting of Buildings
The setting of buildings will be designed and managed to create an historically and
visually appropriate relationship with the Park.
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4
Topography and Historical Development of the Site
4.1
Topography
4.1.1
The Site is located on ground sloping from the Blackheath plateau at the
southern end of Greenwich Park to the present south bank of the River Thames
at its northern end. The present ground surface is an average of 46m above
Ordnance Datum (OD) within the southern part of Greenwich Park, dropping
sharply just north of the Observatory to 25m OD. From here it slopes gently
northwards, lying at 11m OD at the southern end of the NMM grounds to c. 5m
OD against the river.
4.1.2
The line of the Thames Valley within Greenwich Park is broken by two prominent
coombes (narrow valleys) created by ancient spring erosion lines - one by One
Tree Hill and one just west of the Observatory. A small-scale gravel extraction pit
on the western side of Observatory Hill has created an exaggerated slope into
the coombe.
4.1.3
The northern edge of the Site lies against the present southern bank of the River
Thames. The present shoreline is a creation of the early 18th-century
reclamation.
4.1.4
Historically, there has been a great deal of small-scale, hand-dug quarrying and
numerous roads and paths have run through the Site, but more significant
landscaping activity began in the 17th century, as described below. At the
northern end of the Site, particularly within the ORNC, past archaeological
investigations indicate that the ground levels were raised in the 18th and 19th
centuries by over one metre.
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
Historical Development of the Site
Prehistoric period (c 700,000 BC–AD 43)
To date no settlements of prehistoric date have been found within the Site.
Isolated flint artefacts have, however, been found in the Site and adjacent river;
many might have rolled downhill within colluvial movements. It was reported that
“several stone implements and flint chippings were found in the Park at Crooms
Hill in 1846” (Webster 1902, 1).
Many Mesolithic and Neolithic stone artefacts and Bronze Age metalwork have
been found in the Thames at Greenwich. Some are interpreted as ritual
depositions in the River. Such finds however, may suggest that there was some
prehistoric activity within the general area around the Site.
Roman period (c AD 50 – 410)
The nearest Roman settlements are attested well to the east (Woolwich) and
west (Deptford), though funerary urns are known from Blackheath. Roman
activity was presumably related to the line of the Roman road known as Watling
Street as it passed through the area on its way from London to Dover. Its course
has not been observed archaeologically within the Site, but it is suggested that it
either ran diagonally across the park passing out of it just to the south-west of the
NMM grounds (RCHME 1994, part 2, 78–79), and then followed the course of the
later road, or that that it may have run in a more westerly direction at the south
end of the park with a diagonal side road serving only the identified Roman
structure in the park (see below, 4.2.4) (Brown 2002).
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4.2.4
An important Roman building was discovered in the south-east part of Greenwich
Park in 1902 and was re-excavated a number of times. This building has been
identified as a Romano-Celtic temple and, as such, not necessarily related to any
settlement. In 1978–9, this building was re-excavated and remains of an earlier
building found beneath the temple. The earlier building, dating to c. AD100, had
been destroyed by fire and the ‘temple’ built soon afterwards. Further work at the
site in 1999 revealed features to the east of the main building. Another Roman
site, largely comprising earthworks investigated in 1906, lies in the south-east
corner of the Park. Over 300 coins found in 1902 were from “over an acre” of
ground (Webster 1902, 71) and the proximity of the two ‘sites’ may suggest a
wider area of Roman activity within the Park.
4.2.5
A “stone coffin” of purportedly Roman date, was said to have been found on the
western side of Greenwich Park in 1873, and may further suggest the antiquity of
the Crooms Hill route. Isolated fragments of Roman pottery have been found
within the ORNC grounds and farther afield.
4.2.6
Early medieval period (c AD 410 – 1066)
Permanent settlement in Greenwich seems to have begun in the Saxon period,
as the etymology of the name also suggests. Greenwich was Grenewic or the
Green Village, indicating an early settlement (VCH Kent i, 340–71). The
etymology of Crooms Hill, which forms the Site’s western boundary, has been
thought to derive from crumb – the Saxon word for crooked. The manor of East
Greenwich was certainly a royal holding by AD 964, when it was given to the
Abbey of St Peter in Ghent (Belgium), in whose hands it remained until finally
confiscated by the crown in 1415.
4.2.7
The Saxon village of Greenwich is likely to have been closer to the river front,
although no remains of this period have yet been found. The focus of such
settlement is uncertain. There are reasons to suggest that it may have occurred
intermittently on the dry ground along the riverside with a nucleus possibly
around the site of the later medieval and Tudor palaces (i.e., in the northern half
of the Site, see below) and, a little later, in the area of St Alphege Church (c.
140m west of the Site), which is thought to be sited on the location of Alphege’s
martyrdom in AD 1016.
4.2.8
There is extensive evidence for Middle Saxon burial activity, which would
normally be situated away from the settlement centre. A large barrow cemetery
survives on high ground in the south-west part of Greenwich Park. Although
these tumuli have not been investigated since the 18th century, the artefacts
recovered were undoubtedly of Middle Saxon date. Excavations by Hearne in
1714 and Douglas in 1784 revealed inhumation burials, some in coffins, and
associated grave goods. In 1784, Reverend Douglas recorded about 50 round
barrows or high status burials. A RCHME survey in 1993–4 identified 31 barrows
but was unable to determine the full extent of the cemetery.
4.2.9
Other Middle Saxon graves are known from an area in the north-eastern part of
the NNM grounds and just to the east of it. The distance between these burials
and the burials within the park suggests that these were separate burial grounds
that did not form part of the same cemetery.
13
4.2.10
Later medieval period (AD 1066–1485)
The Domesday Book (AD 1086) lists arable land, pasture, woodland and four
mills attached to the manor, held by the Bishop of Lisieux for the Bishop of
Baieux (VCH Kent i, 426–93). The Domesday Book reference to a ‘manor’ relates
to an estate owned by a particular individual and does not necessarily imply that
there was a manor house on that estate.
4.2.11
Numerous references attest to the flourishing fishing village of Greenwich in the
medieval period. It was almost certainly centred on the riverside but probably, like
its Saxon predecessor, tapered southwards to and beyond the parish church. The
village, therefore, was almost certainly located within the north-western part of
the ORNC site. A number of undated earthworks within the park may have been
associated with agriculture in the hinterland (RCHME 1994, part 2, 70). There
were roadways through the park, the most prominent of which, running diagonally
to the north-west, is probably Roman in origin. As mentioned, the road known as
Crooms Hill is also of at least medieval origin. It is probable that the road layout in
the settlement area, which survived until the early 19th century, was medieval in
origin.
4.2.12
Five hundred metres to the east of the Site, the hostel of the Abbey of St Peter of
Ghent was still flourishing in the 13th century. Fragmentary medieval remains
and isolated pottery sherds have been found throughout the Site but the focus for
such discoveries has been in the ORNC site.
4.2.13
There must have been some royal presence by 1408, when Henry IV signed his
will at Greenwich (not at the hostel discussed above, but possibly within the Site
on land held by the Abbey of Ghent). Ghent’s tenure of Greenwich was ended by
statute in 1414 and the manor was subsequently given to Thomas Beaufort,
Duke of Exeter. Exeter either inherited or built a house on the riverside (in the
northern part of the Site), in which he died in 1426 and the property, then known
as Bella Court, passed to Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. In 1433, Humphrey
enclosed an estate that roughly corresponds to the Site, comprising the area now
formed by the ORNC, the NMM and, as a deer (-hunting) park, Greenwich Park.
He was allowed to close the roadway that ran through the park but was asked to
make a new route which also formed the eastern boundary - now known as Maze
Hill. Crooms Hill formed the western boundary. Within the park he constructed ‘a
certain tower’ known as Mirefleur, or Greenwich Castle, possibly on the site of an
earlier building. Foundations associated with this building survive in the cellars of
the Royal Observatory (B1002) which succeeded it in the 17th century (Bold
2000, 22).
4.2.14
Humphrey also enlarged the Bella Court palace on the riverside. After
Humphrey’s demise, the building was enlarged by his nephew, Henry VI, and
renamed Placentia. There were further embellishments under Edward IV who
also established a Franciscan Friary just to the west of the palace in 1481,
though it was not to be completed until 1494. This Friary, with its large church, lay
in the area now occupied by the King Charles Building (B3001) of the ORNC, but
its cloisters and other buildings stretched southwards with orchards into the
present NMM grounds.
Early post-medieval period (AD 1485 to the granting of land for a Seamen’s
14
4.2.15
Hospital in AD 1694)
Greenwich entered the world stage under the Tudors; the old medieval buildings
were thoroughly demolished and a magnificent new palace - only ever known as
Greenwich Palace - was built by Henry VII. The palace contained the main
riverside range, itself around three courtyards, as well as a number of associated
buildings. West of the Friary was the famous Greenwich Armoury, and other
workshops and, in the area of the present Pepys Building (B3012), a large stable
block built by Henry VII. In the park, Humphrey’s tower was rebuilt in 1526. Apart
from temporary standings associated with archery and hunting, no other
developments were known in the park.
4.2.16
The last great addition to the Tudor palace complex was the Queen’s House
(B208) (Grade I Listed and a Scheduled Ancient Monument), completed in 1635.
Up in the park, a "snow conserve" (to store snow for later use) was built in 1620
(another snow conserve is also mentioned in sources, with one located in a
coombe; RCHM 1994, pt 2, 85) and by 1624 a new brick wall was constructed
around the park.
4.2.17
The whole palace complex fell into decay during the Commonwealth. Much of the
tiltyard was dismantled and its timbers used to repair other parts of the palace. At
the Restoration (1660), most of the palace and Friary buildings were demolished.
The Chapel, however, and the two tiltyard towers survived until the end of the
century.
4.2.18
Redevelopment of the royal manor was piecemeal. Though a new palace by the
river was begun, work stopped after the construction of only one of the proposed
three ranges. This new building, which became known as the King’s House (and
later as the King Charles Building), was left unfinished, albeit roofed, in 1669.
Additions to the Queen’s House, including the new bridge rooms over the
highway, were finished. Planned additions to the corners of the building were not
realised, though foundations were started. Much of the northern part of the Site
was made over to allotments, though many earlier buildings survived, particularly
to the east and west of the palace proper. A further development, at the southern
end of the tiltyard, was the construction of “The Laboratory” which was, in effect,
a successor to the Greenwich Armoury and important in the development of
pyrotechnics. It did not survive in Greenwich for long and its functions were
transposed to the new Woolwich Arsenal in the early 18th century.
4.2.19
In the 1660s, a major re-landscaping of the Park was envisaged. A plan drawn up
by Andre Le Notre (Bold 2000, 13 Fig 19) resulted in a large parterre (consisting
of planting beds and gravel paths) south of the Queen’s House, but most of his
proposals were not adopted. Farther south in the Park, formal roadways and a
massive tree-planting programme were inaugurated by Sir William Boreman
(Bold 2000, 8-14). The castle was finally demolished in 1675 to make way for a
new observatory building, also known as Flamsteed House (B1002), which was
completed the next year. The hill on which the Observatory now stands formerly
had giant steps cut into its northern slope, though these were filled in during the
19th century.
4.2.20
In 1694, the entire ORNC site was given over for a project to build a Seamen’s
Hospital akin to the military one at Chelsea.
15
4.2.21
The 18th and 19th centuries (from AD 1695)
With the exception of the King Charles Building (B3001) (the King’s House, see
4.2.18, above), the buildings of the Greenwich Hospital within the Site were
constructed between 1696 and 1751. The King Charles Court incorporated the
earlier King Charles Building’s as its east range, but the foundations of its new
wing were laid during the same period as those of the entirely new blocks. A
matching block – the Queen Anne Court (B3003) – was built opposite the King
Charles Court, and the two larger southern blocks – King William (B3002) and
Queen Mary (B3004) – were also added, though the latter was not finished until
the 1750s (the gazetteer of built heritage names the architects responsible, see
Section 8, below). In 1749, the Royal Hospital Burial Ground was opened. It
covered three and a half acres from the south of Romney Road to the park on
part of ‘Goddard’s Ground’, and by the 1780s it extended southwards to the line
of the former Deptford-Woolwich Highway.
4.2.22
A series of conduits throughout Greenwich Park, and beyond, were associated
with water supply to the early palaces and retained by the Hospital. Brick built
tunnels survive though the route of any tunnels and lead pipes is not certain
(Stone 1913; Pearman 1973; RCHME 1994, Part 2, 33-45; Bold 2000, 15-19). A
survey of 1780 describes numerous pipes in the area (TNA ADM 80/63 (misc)).
There were once at least 14 Conduit heads in the area but only two survive to be
seen today as landscape features, the (recently listed) Standard House and the
Little Conduit Head, in the western and eastern parts of the site respectively.
4.2.23
The layout of the Park has not changed greatly since the 18th century. There was
little development in Greenwich Park in the 19th century apart from the
construction of lodges and tea houses (and the filling-in of the giant steps as
described above). Weller’s map of 1860 (Fig 9B.5) shows the Park as relatively
empty, though it contains inaccuracies as far as buildings around its edge are
concerned. One of these buildings was Montague House to the south-west,
famous as the residence of Queen Caroline in the late 18th / early 19th century.
Its bath lies within the park walls and was recently restored (B1019).
4.2.24
Most of the older buildings at the eastern end of the ORNC site were swept away
in the 1730s as part of a landscaping exercise. At the western end, the Hospital
infirmary, now the Dreadnought Library (B3006), was added in the 1760s. The
next major change was undertaken in the 1830s when the Hospital expanded
westwards. The village of Greenwich had largely become a slum and was
radically re-planned and rebuilt by Joseph Kay, who was also responsible for new
buildings in the western part of the ORNC site. Here a Tudor stable block was
replaced with the present mews (B3022) and a new brewery (now the ‘old’
brewery, B3023). A police Section House (now the offices of the Greenwich
Foundation, B3024) was built in 1853-4 and a ‘smoking colonnade’ (B3025) for
the pensioners was added, in 1855, just to the east of the brewery (Fig 9B.6).
4.2.25
The naval pensioners occupied the ORNC site until 1869, when the Hospital was
allocated to the Royal Navy who occupied it in 1873 and who used the site as a
Staff College. A complex of racket courts, later serving as an engineering block
(now the Pepys Building, B3012), was built in the 1880s with further additions in
the early years of the 20th century. The grounds of the ORNC / Greenwich
Hospital are now a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The departure of the Navy in
16
1998 saw a large programme of refurbishment and alteration, which was
accompanied by much archaeological work and architectural analysis.
4.2.26
The setting out of Romney Road in the late 17th century divided what are now
the ORNC and NMM sites. Although the Queen’s House was used by Greenwich
Hospital, only a few ancillary buildings were erected in that area before the end of
the 18th century. At the western edge of what we may call the NMM grounds,
was the Royal Hospital Burial Ground – conveniently across the road from the
infirmary. This site was partially investigated in 1999. At its southern end there
had been an old mansion, Copped Hall, largely below the present University
Union Building, but in the 1780s a new school block (B204) was built for the sons
and daughters of the Greenwich Hospital. This building still survives amongst its
newer neighbours. In 1807, the architect Daniel Asher Alexander radically
changed the landscape with the construction of two long north-south wings linked
to the central Queen’s House by a colonnade on the line of the old Woolwich Deptford highway. These were occupied by the Royal Naval Asylum until 1821
when it was amalgamated with the Greenwich Hospital School.
4.2.27
From the middle of the 19th century, there was expansion both in the east and
west of the NMM site. In the eastern part, now the NMM car park, a number of
buildings were erected including a small training observatory at its southern end.
To the west, a West Central and a South West wing were added. Finally a large
Gymnasium (now Neptune Court) was built between the two west wings. To the
south were lavatory blocks and a swimming pool, open at first but later roofed.
4.2.28
In the 1870s there was disruption to any buried remains at the northern part of
the NMM site, with the construction of a railway tunnel below the burial ground
and the front lawns.
4.2.29
The 20th century
With the increasing work of the Dreadnought Hospital (so named when taken
over from Greenwich Hospital by the Seamen’s Hospital Society in 1870) across
the road, Devonport House (B203), a nurses’ home, was built between 1924 and
1935 in the former burial ground, with a pathology laboratory fronting King William
Walk. With the establishment of this part of the site as University of Greenwich
offices and student accommodation, further buildings appeared but were preceded
by a major archaeological excavation in the former burial former grounds, which
found in-situ human remains.
4.2.30
The school which occupied the NMM site was moved to Holbrook, Suffolk in 1933
and, after a period of restoration, the National Maritime Museum opened in 1937.
The main complex of the NMM’s buildings, including Queen’s House, has been
statutorily listed as Grade I.
4.2.31
There was minor bomb damage to the northern part of the Site, and to the
grounds of the Royal Observatory, in the Second World War and there was much
activity within the Park during that time. Most of the northern, or lower, part of the
Park was dug up as allotments for food cultivation. Other wartime features in the
Park included the installation of air raid shelters, barrage balloon anchorages and
a possible (anti-aircraft) gun emplacement (RCHM 1994, pt 2, 59-65).
17
4.2.32
4.3
A number of 19th-century ancillary buildings within the Observatory complex
were demolished in the 1950s, when the Observatory was taken over by the
NMM. Structures in the former ‘Magnetic Enclosure’ to the east were also
demolished at this time (remains of the Magnetic Observatory were revealed
during archaeological evaluation and watching briefs). The southern part of the
complex was redeveloped in recent years culminating in the opening of the new
Peter Harrison Planetarium in 2007.
ADDENDUM: Land on Blackheath.
An additional area to be studied comprises strip of land south of Greenwich Park. This
comprises the triangular area that lies between Charlton Way (which runs alongside the
south wall of the Park) and Shooters Hill Road (the A2) that crosses Blackheath. The
western point of the triangle lies at the junction Shooters Hill Road and Charlton Way – which
runs alongside the park wall. The eastern side of the triangle is bound by Prince Charles
Road. The area is unequally divided by the remnant Duke Humphrey Road that runs up to
Shooters Hill Road. The larger area to the east is known as Circus Field and the smaller area
to the west as Folly Field.
This site lies geographically in Blackheath but lies within the London Borough of Greenwich.
The site is generally even and rises, on its northern side, from 41.2m OD in the east, to 45m
in the west. The area comprises some 73,000 square metres with its centre at National Grid
Reference 539398 176791. There are no listed monuments or buildings within the site,
though a telephone box just to the west, is locally listed (LB UID 203469).
Features described below are given Built Heritage numbers continued from the Greenwich
Park listing.
Although Blackheath itself was witness to a number of historical events, there are none that
can be identified with this particular area. The absence of any known archaeological
features is largely due to widespread gravel extraction. The larger quarry, the Crown Pits to
the east, was still being worked in the 1860s. Despite an appeal to create an ornamental lake
it remained open, and occasionally used by fairs, until after the war and it is now filled and
levelled. This part of the site had been used since at least the 19th century for fairs and
latterly, circuses - which still appear three times a year. A by product of the ‘fun of the fair’
which still exists is the donkey riding area in the northern rump of duke Humphrey Road. To
quench the holidaymakers and sightseers drawn to the area, a drinking fountain (B1034) was
erected in the 1850s at the north-west corner of Circus Field just south of the park gates.
The smaller area to the west was made into a boating lake, known as Folly Pond, in the late
19th century. At the height of its popularity it contained an island in the middle but though it
still exists, it is a fraction of its former size.
There are two buildings at the western end of the Site. To the west is Metropolitan Lodge,
built by the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1882 as a Heath Keepers House (B1032). The
fortunes of this building have waxed and waned though it is now in use again as a residence
of a local official. Adjacent to this is a Public Convenience block built by the board in 1896
(B1033) to provide for the numerous visors to the Park and the heath. This building is
currently closed and in poor repair.
18
The only feature in the site listed by the GLSMR is the site, at the southern side of the larger
Circus Field, of a wartime Anti-Aircraft Battery. This was a ZAA battery firing rockets from
multiple barrel launchers. There would have been ancillary Nissen hut(s) and possibly
ammunition hut and radar facilities on a concrete bed (Dobinson 1996, 168-176).
19
5
Existing built heritage resources
5.1
Surviving built heritage resources
5.1.1
For the purpose of this assessment, the built heritage resources to be considered
will be those structures that have architectural or historic significance,
established, at least in part, by their age. The distinction between built heritage
and cultural landscapes can be difficult, and many features of the cultural
landscape, such as earthworks and roads, are in fact built features, although they
are not addressed in this report. Such features are addressed under separate
cover, in the Historic Landscape Assessment report (Technical Appendix 9C),
which is the companion to this Built Heritage Assessment report. These two
reports, together with the Archaeological Assessment Report (Technical
Appendix 9C) comprise the baseline inventory of heritage resources which will be
used to inform the Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment for the proposed London
Olympics Equestrian Centre.
5.1.2
Only those structures with some degree of architectural or historic significance
have been included in the inventory of built heritage resources, although the
importance of some structures has been flagged as uncertain. The inventory of
built heritage resources is presented as a gazetteer in Section 8, below. In
addition to the statutorily-listed and locally-listed structures, several unlisted
structures that have architectural or historic significance have been identified.
5.2
Assessment of the built heritage resource
5.2.1
The overall heritage significance of the study area is well understood, and is
attested by the inclusion of the area in the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site.
Accordingly, any built heritage resources that make a positive contribution to the
World Heritage Site must be considered to be individually significant components of
a group that, taken as a whole, has international significance. This basic fact
elevates the significance of all structures within the Site boundaries and has been
taken into account in the significance ranking described below.
5.2.2
The broad scope of this heritage assessment exercise does not allow for, or require,
a detailed assessment of each individual built heritage feature. Each feature listed in
the inventory is assigned to one of five ranks of significance as described in Table 1,
below.
20
Table 1: Significance of Resources
Significance of Resource
Discussion
Very High
All statutorily-listed structures within the
World Heritage Site.
These features are individually protected by
law.
High
Locally-listed structures and those unlisted
structures that have historical or architectural
significance and that form an important and
well-known component of the World Heritage
Site.
Medium
Unlisted structures that may have moderate
historical or architectural value and that
enhance the historic character of the World
Heritage Site and either the West Greenwich
Conservation Area or the Greenwich Park
Conservation Area (as well as the registered
park / Royal Park, if applicable).
Low
Unlisted structures that may have borderline
historical or architectural value.
These features may make a positive
contribution to the historic character of the
Site and should be considered in any
assessment of impacts to built heritage
features, if they are situated within areas to
be affected by the proposed developments.
Uncertain
Groups of features such as street furniture,
fences, walls, etc., that have not been
individually examined as well as certain
unlisted structures that may have otherwise
very low historical or architectural
significance, but that, in their present context,
may warrant further consideration if they are
to be affected by proposed development.
The significance, if any, of these features has
yet to be determined.
5.2.3
In total, 80 inventory numbers have been assigned to built heritage features or
groups of built heritage features. Of these, 46 have very high significance, 11 have
high significance, 9 have medium significance, 4 have low significance, and 10 are
of uncertain significance. These features or feature groups are listed, and their
significance identified, in Section 8 (below), divided according to the three
subdivisions of the Site: Greenwich Park (8.1), NMM (8.2), and ORNC (8.3).
21
6
Impact of proposals
6.1
Proposals and further assessment
6.1.1
The proposals for the London Olympics Equestrian Centre, comprising the
erection of temporary structures including a 23,000-seat arena, sporting facilities
(training and competition areas including a cross country course in Greenwich
Park), stabling, offices, and services, are to be submitted in detail for approval in
the form of a Masterplan planning application.
6.1.2
A Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment Report (Technical Appendix 9G) has
been prepared to assess the impact of the proposals and its mitigation, based on
the baseline heritage data presented in the desk-based archaeological
assessment (Technical Appendix 9A), the historic landscape assessment
(Technical Appendix 9C) and this built heritage assessment report.
22
7
Conclusions
7.1.1
The Site falls entirely within the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site, and
comprises portions of two conservation areas: Greenwich Park Conservation
Area and West Greenwich Conservation Area. In addition, Greenwich Park is a
Royal Park and has been registered as a park of special historical interest. Three
Scheduled Ancient Monuments are within the Site: the ORNC / Greenwich
Hospital, Queen’s House, and the Royal Observatory. Thus, taken as a whole,
the Site is demonstrably of international heritage significance, and individual built
heritage features within the site must be viewed in this light.
7.1.2
This built heritage assessment has identified and made an inventory of 46 built
heritage features – or groups of features – of very high significance, 11 built
heritage features of high significance, and 9 built heritage features of medium
significance. In addition, four built heritage features of low significance have been
inventoried and should also be taken into account during the upcoming impact
assessment. A further nine features, or groups of features, of uncertain
significance have been inventoried and their significance, if any, should be
evaluated during the impact assessment, if they fall within confirmed areas of
potential impact.
23
Historic landscape assessment  MOL Archaeology 2009
8
London Olympics Equestrian Centre Built Heritage Gazetteer
Reference Number Abbreviations
UID – Unique Identifier (given by the National Monuments Record)
SMR – Sites and Monuments Record
RCHM – Royal Commission of Historic Monuments
AFXX – MOL Archaeological feature identifier in Archaeological assessment
BXX– MOL Built heritage feature identifier in Built Heritage assessment
LXX– MOL Historic landscape feature identifier in this assessment
8.1
No.
B1001
Greenwich Park
Other
Reference
Nos.
LB 200392
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
nos.
II
Bandstand to south of Great Cross Avenue
Very high
1909189
I
Royal Observatory Flamsteed House,
Very high
2409126,
Now part of the NMM. Constructed on the site of
2409128–30
Greenwich Castle. The original building was
Grade
Notes
AR78
L1079
B1002
LB 200387
AF21
Greenwich.
L1080
Flamsteed House, so named after the first
Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed.
B1003
LB 449368
II
Royal Observatory South Building
Very high
L1081
B1004
LB 200389
1909023
I
L1083
B1005
LB 200388
1909015–6,
Royal Observatory Former Great Equatorial
Very high
1909034–5
Building
I
Royal Observatory the Transit House
Designed by the Astronomer Royal Sir William
Christie and the Admiralty Architect William Crisp.
Very high
AF22
1909034,
2409124–5
L1082
24
No.
B1006
Other
Reference
Nos.
LB 200390
Grade
I
L1084
B1007
LB 200391
LB 200385
Significance
Royal Observatory Wall and Clock to right of
Very high
2409123
Very high
1909032
Bronze 1930, Robert Tait McKenzie
Notes
entrance gates
II
L1086
B1008
Name / Description
Photograph
nos.
Statue of General Wolfe to east of Royal
Observatory
II
St Mary's Lodge (in north-west corner of park)
Very high
1909003
1823, George Basevi
II
St Mary’s Gate to Greenwich Park
Very high
1909001–2
Early 19th century
II
Boundary wall surrounding the park
Very high
1909070
Originally 1618-24, but with many subsequent repairs
L1087
B1009
LB 200422
L1088
B1010
LB 200393
L1089
and episodes of rebuilding
Photo: Wall by St Mary's Lodge
1909072
Photo: Circus Gate
1909073
Photo: Wall substituted by railings from Circus Gate to
south
1909084–6
Photo: Wall dividing NMM from Greenwich Park
1909091-
Photo: Park Row Gate and wall
1909092
25
1909094
Photo: Wall to east of Park Row Gate
1909095
Photo: Wall to west of Park Vista Gate
1909096
Photo: Park Vista Gate
1909097
Photo: Wall to south of Park Vista Gate
No.
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
nos.
Notes
1909123
Photo: Maze Hill Gate
1909124
Photo: Wall to south of Maze Hill Gate
1909132
Photo: Gate by Flower Garden
1909143-
Photo: Blackheath Gate (wall to west)
1909145
1909161-
Photo: Shooters Hill Road Gate
1909162
1909164
Photo: Wall by Queen Caroline's Bath
1909174
Photo: Wall substituted by modern railing by tennis
courts
1909199
Photo: Gate by the Standard Reservoir / Standard
House
1909200
Photo: Crooms Hill Gate
1909201-
Photo: Wall to south of Crooms Hill Gate
1909202
1909203-
Photo: Wall substituted by modern railings by General
1909204
Wolfe's house
1909205-
Photo: Wall used for General Wolfe's house
1909206
26
No.
B1011
Other
Reference
Nos.
SMR
Grade
II*
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
nos.
The Standard Reservoir House. Also referred
Very high
1909193–8
Notes
This structure is included in the Local List of Buildings
07025902
to as Conduit House. Post-medieval conduit
RCHM 50
house. Single-storey, gable-roofed, screen-
of Architectural or Historic Interest.
L1092
fronted, brick structure built into the slope of
The Standard Reservoir was designed by Hawksmoor
Crooms Hill. Situated near the western
and built in 1710–11. Part of a previously established
boundary of the park, south-east of King
medieval/Tudor water system in Greenwich Park,
George Street Gate.
designed to channel water from Blackheath to the foot
of the Greenwich escarpment. The conduit system
comprises brick-built tunnels with four known
entrances. The system was enlarged during the 17th
and 18th centuries. Ceased in use 1891, partly
demolished 1850–1902.
NGR: 538632 177246
B1012
AF66
Pavilion Teahouse. Situated to the north-east
1909022,
Originally constructed in 1906 (Land Use Consultants
L1066
of the junction of Blackheath Avenue and
High
1909024,
1986, Artefacts Schedule 2.14; Royal Parks 2007,
Great Cross Avenue. Octagonal, stuccoed
2409121–2
49).
brick structure capped by a tall, octagonal,
peaked roof and surrounded by an enclosed
NGR: 539036 177209
porch. Porch enclosure formed by glazed
doors between columns that support the
corners of the porch roof. On the north side,
the porch extends further northwards,
surrounding a gable-roofed extension of the
main pavilion.
27
No.
B1013
Other
Reference
Nos.
SMR
Grade
II
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
nos.
Little Conduit Head. Disused, post-medieval
Very high
1909099,
07025908
conduit head. An ornamental semi-circular
RCHM 8
façade in red brick with stone detail at the
AF9
entrance to a disused conduit. North–south
L1009
ridge of brick roof (gabled) protrudes from
Notes
Initially constructed in the 17th century.
2409133–4
NGR: 539097 177654
ground behind (south of) façade.
B1014
L1020
Fountain at the junction of Great Cross
Medium
1909025
Avenue and Blackheath Avenue. Drinking
1890s (Land Use Consultants 1986, Artefacts
Schedule 4.13; Royal Parks 2007, 54)
fountain of polished, pink granite with copperalloy fittings, set on an octagonal plinth of grey
NGR: 539050 177154
stone, with a small stone step.
B1015
L1021
Rustic Fountain. Ornamental, grotto-like
Medium
1909117
fountain of rough stone, set into the earthen
19th century (Land Use Consultants 1986, Artefacts
Schedule 4.14)
bank or cut slope adjacent to a small side path
running west off of Lovers’ Walk
B1016
RCHM 32
Sub-circular mound 25m in diameter covering
AF43
an underground reservoir connected with the
L1043
conduit system.
NGR: 539164 177421
Low
1909050
Probably a 19th-century alteration to an earlier
structure.
NGR: 539063 177434
B1017
L1055
Strologo Public Shelter. Wooden shelter by
Medium
Blackheath Lodge. Rectangular, hip-roofed
1909140
1938 (Land Use Consultants 1986, Artefacts
Schedule 4.31; Royal Parks 2007, 50)
shelter of dark-stained wood, set on a
concrete slab. With benches facing in four
NGR: 539219 176872
directions. Situated north of the junction of
Blackheath Avenue and Bower Avenue.
28
No.
B1018
Other
Reference
Nos.
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
nos.
The Ranger's House
Very high
1909168
RCHM 63
‘Queen Caroline’s Bath’. Bath of former
High
1909163–4
AF77
Montague House (demolished in 1815), which
L1077
was lived in by Caroline, Princess of Wales
LB 200259
Grade
I
Notes
L1076
B1019
A rare survival of a Georgian health bath.
NGR: 538940 176792
from 1798 until 1814. Situated near the
western boundary wall of the park, south of
Ranger’s House.
B1020
AF78
Covered Reservoir. A large, grass-covered,
L1078
flat-topped, circular mound surrounded by
Medium
1909175–8
Paraphrasing from Bold (2000): The reservoir was
constructed in the 1840s as an open basin
surrounded by a spearheaded, cast-iron fence
surrounded by an earthen bank (Bold 2000, 19). The
embedded in a low, stone-coped brick wall.
reservoir was covered in the later 19th century by a
Situated between Blackheath Avenue and
roof of brick arches supported on iron beams, which in
Conduit Avenue, to the north of the tennis
turn rest on brick piers.
courts. A gate in the fence, on the west side of
the reservoir, blocks access to a stone or
NGR: 538916 177027
concrete stairway which ascends the slope of
the mound. An iron ventilation pipe can be
seen on top of the mound. The reservoir is
said to be empty (Bold 2000).
B1021
LB 489754
II
Altazimuth Pavilion at the Royal Observatory
Very high
L1090
1909036–7,
1909039
29
1899
No.
B1022
Other
Reference
Nos.
L1091
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
nos.
The Peter Harrison Planetarium. New
High
1909038,
Designed by Allies & Morrison Architects. Opened
1909040–3
May 2007.
planetarium facilities (opened 2007), including
Notes
iconic bronze cone between the Altazimuth
Pavilion and the South Building. Situated on
NGR: 538937 177248
the west side of Blackheath Avenue north of
Great Cross Avenue (between the Altazimuth
Pavilion to the north and the South Building to
the south), the new planetarium has been built
into the slope of the hill such that its roof is a
paved terrace at the level of the ground
surrounding the Altazimuth Pavilion. The
glazed south wall of the new structure is
visible in what is now a sunken area between
the planetarium and the South Building. The
paved terrace roof of the structure is pierced
by a large bronze lantern in the form of an
obliquely truncated cone, the truncation of
which serves as a window.
B1023
L1099
Large stones and a metal pipe fitting on
Low
1909057–8
Uncertain date. Possibly 19th or 20th century.
ground to the south-east of Queen Elizabeth’s
Oak – possibly associated with a conduit. Six
NGR: 539116 177347
large, grey paving stones are visible in the
grass. One of the stones has, bolted to it, a
circular metal fitting, which may be a disused
seating for some absent fixture.
30
No.
B1024
Other
Reference
Nos.
L1101
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
nos.
Drinking trough in ground by former Keeper's
Medium
1909053–4
Notes
19th century.
House. Also referred to as a ‘deer trough’.
Now dry and not in use. Concrete or concrete-
NGR: 539126 177400
covered (brick or masonry) trough set in
ground to the west of Lovers’ Walk (east of
Queen Elizabeth’s Oak).
B1025
L1103
The playground: three brick structures (gazebo
Uncertain
and two small bathroom blocks). Gazebo is
(probably low)
1909101–2
20th century
At most low significance, based on survival as a group
octagonal with tall, peaked roof supported on
of utilitarian playground structures for over 40 years.
brick columns at each corner. Set well inside
the eaves of the roof (well behind the brick
Bathroom blocks probably date to 1950s (Land Use
columns), the interior of the gazebo is
Consultants 1986, Artefacts Schedule 2.9), but
enclosed by wooden walls. Each bathroom
gazebo may be from 1930s (Land Use Consultants
block is a small, rectangular, brick structure
1986, Artefacts Schedule 2.8). Gazebo has arguably
with a ceramic-tiled, hipped roof. The two
higher significance based on greater age and more
bathroom blocks are of very similar
architectural flair.
construction, which does not appear related to
that of the gazebo. All three structures are in
NGR: 539058 177772
the eastern part of the playground, in the
north-eastern corner of the park, near the
Creed Place Gate.
B1026
L1110
Fountain in Herb Garden, by St Mary's Lodge.
Medium
1909069
Probably 20th century.
Metal (probably copper-alloy) ornamental
fountain set on a concrete base, in the form of
NGR: 538472 177442
an open, upward-facing flower (which serves
as a basin). Fountain sits in small, circular
pond within the garden.
31
No.
B1027
Other
Reference
Nos.
L1112
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
nos.
Royal Observatory toilets west of the South
Medium
1909015
Notes
1907, originally a store house (Land Use Consultants
Building. Referred to by Land Use Consultants
1986, Artefacts Schedule 2.15; Royal Parks 2007,
(1986, Artefacts Schedule 2.15) as Store
50).
House Lavatories. Single-storey, rectangular
brick structure with low or flat roof hidden
NGR: 538937 177199
behind parapet. Red brick with pale
ornamental quoins and surrounds. Situated on
the east side of the Avenue.
B1028
L1114
Sundial at The Boating Pond. Large
Low
1909093
20th or 21st century
ornamental sundial at north edge of pond,
south-east of the Park Row Gate.
B1029
L1109
Older brick structures within the Park Office
NGR: 538863 177711
Low
complex to the west of the Blackheath Gate.
1909147,
Uncertain date, possibly 19th century (Land Use
1909152–4
Consultants 1986, Artefacts Schedule 2.2).
Two abutting buildings – or possibly one
longer building with two roofs at different
NGR: 539183 176780
levels. Both are rectangular, gable-roofed brick
structures with cambered flat arches (or very
shallow segmental arches) over their openings
(several of which have been bricked up or
repaired with concrete lintels). Together, they
appear to comprise a longer and taller
structure to the west, abutted by a small
addition on the east. The buildings are built
onto the south boundary wall of the park. At
the time of writing, they appeared to be
undergoing at least interior remodelling.
32
No.
B1030
Other
Reference
Nos.
L1110
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
Fences, walls, and railings within the park but
Uncertain
Photograph
nos.
Notes
not marking the park boundaries
B1031
L1120
Grounds furniture and street furniture including
Uncertain
lamps, bollards, etc.
B1032
Metropolitan Lodge / Heath Keepers House.
uncertain
Built 1882, by Metropolitan Board of Works
uncertain
Built 1896, by Metropolitan Board of Works
uncertain
Built 1850s, (Rhind 2002, 39)
Outside, to the south of, the Park
B1033
Public Conveniences.
Outside, to the south of, the Park
B1034
Drinking Fountain.
Outside, to the south of, the Park
33
8.2
National Maritime Museum
No.
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
B200
LB 200386
II
Photograph
L200
Name / Description
Significance
Statue of William IV to north-east of St Mary’s
Very high
no.
2409077
Notes
Sculpted by Samuel Nixon in 1844. Originally in King
Gate. Granite statue representing King William
William Street at the head of London Bridge, relocated
IV as Lord High Admiral.
here in 1936. The statue is located on the site of the
former St Mary’s Church.
B201
LB 398390
II
L201
B202
LB 396021
Former Devonport Pathological School, now
Very high
2409075
the University of Greenwich Students’ Union.
Cooper Building.
II
L202
Monument south of Nurses’ Home. ‘Newton’s
Built by Edwin Cooper in 1926–29. Currently houses
Very high
2409068
18th century monument designed by William Newton.
Pillar’. Coade stone urn on a Tuscan column,
General funerary monument originally at the centre of
formerly on an upright composite rectangular
the Greenwich Hospital Burial Ground on the axis of
plinth with sunk panel sides. The plinth was
the former Greenwich Hospital School building.
lost in the recent relocation for Devonport
House works, except for the cap and base
slabs which now form the column base.
B203
LB 398392
II
66–68 King William Walk / Nurses’ Home.
Very high
2409068,
2409072
Very high
2409075–6
Devonport House – former Nurses' Home –
L203
Built by Edwin Cooper in 1925–1934.
now conference hotel and student
accommodation incorporating part of the
former Greenwich Hospital School building of
1783 (Nos 66–68 King William Walk) as rear
wing (see B204, below).
B204
LB 396015
L204
II
Building to South of Devonport House. Rear
wing of Devonport House, being most of the
former Greenwich Hospital School building
(School Infirmary, post-1825), now abutting
the former Nurses’ Home.
34
Built by William Newton in 1783.
No.
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
B205
LB 396044
II
Photograph
L205
Name / Description
Significance
Boundary Fence to Former Burial Ground of
Very high
no.
2409063–64
Seamen's Hospital (at north-east of Nurses'
Notes
Mid-18th century boundary railings of former
Greenwich Hospital Officers Burial Plot.
Home).
B206
LB 396045
II
L206
Mausoleum in north-east part of former burial
Very high
2409063
Designed probably by Thomas Ripley in 1749.
ground of Seamen's Hospital. Greenwich
Cartouche on pediment records John Meriton as first
Hospital Officers’ mausoleum, comprising a 1-
Pensioner interred in the larger burial ground, 5th July
storey, 3-bay pavilion over the east end of a
1749.
vault of approximately double the ground-plan
to the front.
B207
LB 396010
L207
II
Forecourt Railings And Gates To North Of
Very high
Seamen's Old Burial Ground And Nurses'
Home. Tall, lancehead, cast-iron railings on
plinth of Portland stone. Central double, castiron gate with wrought-iron cresting and
maritime symbols. Single side gates.
35
2409052–3
Designed by Philip Hardwick in 1855.
No.
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
B208
LB 395996
I
Photograph
Name / Description
Significance
National Maritime Museum
Very high
The Queen’s House (central block of the
L208
no.
2409101,
2409104
NMM).
Notes
Designed by Inigo Jones. Begun in 1616 and
structurally complete in 1635. Part of the former
Palace of Greenwich. Addition of east and west
Bridge Room in 1662, attributed to John Webb. It
became the Royal Naval Asylum in 1806. The
colonnades and south ends of the side wings were
built in 1807–10, subsequently extended by 1816. It
was taken over and reorganized as part of the
Greenwich Schools from 1821; the whole being
renamed the Royal Hospital School in 1892. The
School was relocated to Suffolk in 1933 and the
buildings – after extensive renovation - allocated to
the NMM, which opened in 1937.
“
“
I
NMM:
Very high
2409102
Designed by Daniel Asher Alexander in 1807–10.
Very high
2409101
Designed by Philip Hardwick in 1862.
Very high
2409101,
2409104–5
Designed by Philip Hardwick in 1862.
East Wing, West Central Wing (south),
Colonnade of NMM (formerly Greenwich /
Royal Hospital School). Wing extension
northwards in 1812–16.
“
“
I
NMM:
West Wing (formerly Greenwich / Royal
Hospital School)
“
“
I
NMM:
South Wing (formerly Greenwich / Royal
Hospital School)
36
No.
“
Other
Reference
Nos.
“
Photograph
Grade
I
Name / Description
Significance
NMM:
Very high
no.
2409101
Notes
Designed by Charles Pasley in 1874.
South West Wing (formerly Greenwich / Royal
Hospital School)
“
“
I
NMM:
Very high
Designed by Charles Pasley in 1873. Built to serve as
Former Royal Hospital School Gymnasium /
an indoor gymnasium.
NMM Neptune Hall. Only the outer façade wall
of the northern entrance block (NMM
Stanhope entrance) survives after
redevelopment in 1996-9 (BDP/Rick Mather)
as Neptune Court.
B209
LB 200473
II
L209
Wall, Railings and Gates to east of NMM. Tall,
Very high
2409093–6
cast iron railings, with leaf or spearhead finials,
Early-19th century wall (remaining east flank of former
service buildings), plus c. 1935 railings/gates.
running from the north-east corner of NMM
grounds south to the double cast-iron gate
hung from square cast-iron piers with lamp
holders. Stuccoed wall runs south from the
gates to another, similar pair of gates and
small section of railings at the south-east
corner of the grounds.
B210
LB 396004
L210
II
Forecourt Railings and Gates to NMM.
Very high
2409100
Designed by Philip Hardwick in c 1859–62. Centre
Romney Road. Cast iron railings on plinth of
gates probably later than 1859–62, western ‘half-
Portland stone.
moon’ gate formed 1949.
37
No.
B211
Other
Reference
Nos.
L211
Photograph
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
Monument to the men of the Royal Navy and
High
no.
2409054–5
Marines – former inmates of the Royal
Notes
This structure is included in the Local List of Buildings
of Architectural or Historic Interest.
Hospital – interred in the burial ground
between 1741 and 1869. Ornate stone obelisk
Erected 1892 by order of the Lords Commissioners of
with several inscriptions, topped by a sculpted
the Admiralty. Other inscriptions on other faces of the
figure of Britannia. Situated to the north of
monument.
Devonport House (66–68 King William Walk /
Nurses’ Home), on the south side of Romney
NGR: 538501 177689
Road.
B212
L212
Memorial stone for Sir Thomas Boulden
High
2409057
Thompson. In the form of an ornamented
This structure is included in the Local List of Buildings
of Architectural or Historic Interest.
stone pillar located to the north-east of
Devonport House (66–68 King William Walk /
Uncertain date. Probably 19th century.
Nurses’ Home), on the south side of Romney
Road, north of B213 (below) and east of
NGR: 538523 177722
B211 (above).
B213
L213
Memorial stone for John Simpson, Esq. A
High
2409056
Uncertain date. Probably 19th century.
stout, four-sided column with a sculpted cap
and with figures carved in relief within
NGR: 538530 177706
recessed panels on its faces.
B214
L214
Burial monument for Thomas Allen. A low,
High
square, stone pillar with a sculpted cap and an
inscription on its east face. Located to the
north-east of Devonport House (66–68 King
William Walk / Nurses’ Home), on the south
side of Romney Road, south of B213 (above).
38
2409058
19th century.
No.
B215
Other
Reference
Nos.
L215
Photograph
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
Group of burial monuments within and
High
adjacent to the former Greenwich Hospital
no.
2409059–61,
2409064
Notes
Presumably 18th and 19th centuries (enclosure not
entered).
Officers Burial Plot railings (B205, above).
Several headstones, slabs and tomb chests
NGR: 538541 177670
are present within the railings, in addition to at
least two monuments outside (to the south of)
the railings. The monuments are to the north
of the easternmost wing of Devonport House
(66–68 King William Walk / Nurses’ Home).
B216
L216
2003 sculpture by Francois Hameury. Abstract
Uncertain
2409070–71
2003, Commissioned by Cathedral Group plc.
sculpture of copper alloy, set within the
grounds of Devonport House, north of the
NGR: 538469 177617
Devonport House student residence block, on
the east side of King William Walk.
B217
L217
Plaque and stone pavement plus four stone
High
boundary markers commemorating the site of
2409081–3
20th century, after the demolition (in 1936, according
to the plaque) of the church.
St Mary’s Church. The four boundary markers
appear to be square stones set in the grass,
NGR: 538533 177547
with cross sculpted in relief on the top of each.
The stones mark the corners of a large
rectangle within the lawn surrounding the
statue of William IV (B200), to the north-east
of the St Mary’s Gate to Greenwich Park (on
the east side of King William Walk). The
pavement and commemorative plaque are
located to the west of the statue.
39
No.
B218
Other
Reference
Nos.
L218
Photograph
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
Small wooden guard shelter. Rectangular
Uncertain
no.
2409103
Notes
Uncertain date, possibly mid to late 20th century.
wooden shed with gable roof. Upper portions
of 3 walls (sides and front [to south]) glazed.
NGR: 538767 177814
Shed does not appear to have foundations.
Situated just inside northern gate in eastern
boundary wall of NMM, at entrance to staff
parking lot.
B219
L219
Fences, walls, railings and gates that have not
Uncertain
been statutorily listed
(probably
medium to
high when of
brick or cast
iron)
B220
L220
Grounds and street furniture including lamps,
Uncertain
bollards, etc.
40
8.3
No.
B3001
Old Royal Naval College
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
LB 200510
L3001
I
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
Notes
nos.
North-west quarter, “King Charles Court.”
The original “King’s House” of 1664-69
forms the east range. All of limestone
ashlar. East front of 2 storeys with 3storey end pavilions of 3 bays. Attached
Corinthian columns in centre and pilasters
in angles support full width enriched
entablature. North front of 3 storeys, main
entablature, at 2nd floor level, rests on
Corinthian attached columns and pilasters
and has pediment at centre of either side.
Sunk panel and pediment over, and
another flat panel above. Inscription in left
pediment "CAROLUS II REX A.REG.XVI."
West range, early 19th century, replaces
low Wren base block. West front of 23
bays, with slightly projecting 3-bay centre
and ends. 2 storeys and basement. 3storey ends. Corinthian pilasters divide
bays and support entablature with
modillion cornice and balustraded parapet
except in centre where parapet is high
and solid; and at ends where rusticated
top floor has another entablature and
balustraded parapet over. Moulded
architraves to sash windows with glazing
Very high
2409017
1664–1811: John Webb (1664-69 east range),
Christopher Wren (1712, north-west pavilion), James
Stuart (1769 south range)
1811–1814: John Yenn (west range)
41
No.
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
Notes
nos.
bars except in ends where reveals are
plain. Inscription in frieze of centrepiece
“GEORGIUS III REX A.REGNI IV AD
MDCCCXIV”.
B3002
LB 395931
L3002
I
South-west quarter, “King William Court.”
Very high
2409025–6,
2409100
West front comprising hall, dome and
colonnade. East (inner front) a long
colonnade of paired Tuscan columns.
Upper stage round, of Corinthian
columns, with diagonal projections. South
front 4 storeys and basement. Inner block
of 4 storeys and basement, 11 windows.
B3003
LB 395863
L3003
I
North-east quarter, “Queen Anne Court.”
1698–1728: Christopher Wren (1698–1703), John
Vanbrugh (1728)
The south range contains the original dining hall, the
Painted Hall, with frescoes by James Thornhill.
Very high
East front of 23 bays. Portland stone
ashlar. 2 storeys and basement. North
front 3 storeys, 7 windows. Flat arched
central entrance of 2-storey height to
courtyard behind. West front 23 bays with
slightly projecting 3-bay centre and ends.
2 storeys and basement. 3-storey ends.
42
2409024,
2409031–2
1699–1750: Christopher Wren (1699), Colen
Campbell and Thomas Ripley (1750)
No.
B3004
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
LB 395868
L3004
I
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
Notes
nos.
South-east quarter, “Queen Mary Court.”
Very high
2409025–6,
2409033–4
1699–1788: Christopher Wren (1699), John Vanbrugh
(1728), fire damage in 1779, post-fire work by James
‘Athenian’ Stuart and William Newton.
Begun in 1699 by Wren and completed by
Sir John Vanbrugh 1728. East front
Portland stone ashlar. 4 storeys, 25 bays.
South front 4 storeys and basement, 11
windows. The whole inner (west) return is
a long colonnade of paired columns.
The chapel occupies the south range. It was damaged
by fire in 1779 but remodelled by James (Athenian)
Stuart and William Newton in 1779-89. Octagonal
vestibule with coved ceiling. Original organ by Samuel
Green, 1789. All that remains of pre-fire decoration
are 2 tall pairs of Corinthian columns at either end
framing entrance and the altarpiece painting.
B3005
LB 399180
L3005
II
River wall in front of ORNC.
Very high
Two hundred metres of river wall fronting
the Royal Naval College (formerly
Greenwich Hospital, q.v.). Limestone
ashlar, a formal composition with two
flights of steps at its centre, the stonework
in between rusticated and slightly
battered. The east end adjoining the
Trafalgar Tavern projects towards the
river for twenty metres. Safety; safety is
ensured by the survival of the
contemporary ironwork set between thick,
square limestone piers. Each panel of
ironwork comprises a diagonal cross set
with a central boss decorated with a
circular ‘rope’.
43
2409021–3,
2409027–8
19th century
No.
B3006
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
LB 395955
L3006
II
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
Notes
nos.
Dreadnought Seamen’s Hospital in
grounds at south-west of ORNC. Main
south front of 3 storeys and basement, 13
windows.
Very high
2409043–5,
2409047,
2409049–50
18th-century building with later repairs and alterations.
Originally, the Greenwich Hospital Infirmary, renamed
in 1870. The architect was James ‘Athenian’ Stuart
(1713–1788), Surveyor to the Hospital from 1758 until
his death. The foundations were begun in September
Includes the Stephen Lawrence Building
(also referred to as the West Annexe)
1763 and the building completed in December the
following year. The original construction was a
quadrangle measuring 174’ by 196’ (53 x 59m), the
north and south ranges were of three storeys and the
east and west of two. In the central courtyard
ablutions block linked by open passages either side.
The building was of brick with stone dressings with its
main entrance on the east and the entire site was
surrounded by a brick wall. There was a major rebuild in 1814 after a fire. A ‘Helpless Ward’ – now
known as the Stephen Lawrence Building (also
referred to as the West Annexe) - was added on the
west side by John Venn in 1808. The whole site was
fully refurbished in 2001 as Greenwich University
Dreadnought Library.
44
No.
B3007
B3008
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
LB 395959
L3007
II
LB 395927
L3008
II
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
Notes
nos.
Gates and railings in front of Dreadnought
Seamen's Hospital. Tall, lancehead, castiron railings, with square stone piers at
intervals. On axis of hospital 2 small stone
arches, with wide pilasters and
entablature and small cast-iron gates
within the arch. Double cast-iron gates
between.
Very high
ORNC South Gates and Railings on south
side of grounds. Tall cast-iron railings with
leaf-head standards, on Portland stone
plinth. On north–south axis 4 square piers
of cast-iron with ornament of thistles,
roses, trefoils and crowns. Double gate
with wrought-iron cresting and maritime
symbols. Single side gates. Piers have
ogee wrought-iron caps with lamps on
top. Further west, in front of Dreadnought
Seamen's Hospital, railings are articulated
by stone piers at intervals. On axis of
Seamen's Hospital cast-iron double
entrance gate hung from stone piers in
the form of arches, with wide pilasters and
entablature, and small cast iron gate in
the arch.
Very high
45
2409046,
2409048
2409036–9
Erected in 1870 to separate it from the Royal Naval
College.
19th century
No.
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
B3009
LB 395952
L3009
II
ORNC Fountains in grounds on axes to
west of King Charles And King William
Buildings: 2 identical stone fountains.
Vermiculate square plinth, with masks on
sides, supports raised round bowl. Shaft
above with 4 projecting gargoyles. Iron
cap, probably later, with 3 stepped lamp
holders.
Very high
2409018,
2409041
B3010
LB 200475
L3010
I
Gate and lodges at east entrance to
ORNC. Pair of lodges, each one storey
and attic with a one-storey, one-window,
set back outer extension. Red brick with
Portland stone dressings, i.e. plinth,
vermiculate rusticated quoins, window
architraves and frame of attic pediment.
Lunette in attic. Ground floor sash
windows with glazing bars. Built to match
West Gates (B3011, below).
Very high
2409032–3
Photograph
Notes
nos.
1850, Philip Hardwick
Lodges originally constructed in 1751–1754 (Bold
2000, 191). Subsequently rebuilt (and possibly
moved) under the direction of Philip Hardwick, 1850–
1851. Second storey added in 1906.
46
No.
B3011
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
LB 200424
L3011
I
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
Notes
nos.
Gates, gate piers and lodges of west
ORNC entrance. On main East-West axis
2 massive, square Portland stone piers
with plinths, vermiculate rusticated
quoins, cornice, and high, solid parapet
with carved trophies of arms. Round
arched niches in main shaft. Above
parapets, swept plinths bear huge ball
finials with lines of latitude and longitude,
ecliptics, etc. in copper strips (by Richard
Oliver). Central double cast iron gate with
wrought iron cresting and arched
overthrow with lamp holder. 1-storey and
attic, 1-window lodges of red brick with
Portland stone dressings, i.e. plinth,
vermiculate rusticated quoins, window
architraves and borders of open attic
pediment. Lunette in attic. Ground floor
sash window with glazing bars. Entrances
on inner return. 1-storey, 1-window left
extension to North Lodge.
Very high
2409013
Lodges originally constructed in 1751–1754 (Bold
2000, 191). Subsequently rebuilt (and possibly
moved) under the direction of Philip Hardwick, 1850–
1851. Second storey of northern lodge added in 1906.
Great gates moved to present position in 1850 (from
earlier position immediately to west of King Charles
and King William Buildings, where they were first
erected n 1751).Built in 1752 (when the Greenwich
Hospital was enclosed by a boundary wall – replaced
by railings in 1850).
47
No.
B3012
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
LB 399181
L3012
II
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
Notes
nos.
Pepys Building. Stone and stuccoed
facades, roof hidden by high parapets.
Very high
2409009–10
1874–1882, Andrew Clarke (1874–5 western block of
the Pepys Building)
1882–1883, Charles Pasley (central and eastern part
Grade II listing includes several structures
now attached or within the curtilage of the
Pepys Building, namely the Mews
Building (B3022), the Brewery Building
(B3023), the Police Section House
(B3024), and the Smoking Colonnade
(B3025) see separate entries below.
of the Pepys Building)
The Pepys Building comprises former rackets courts,
converted to laboratories c. 1906.
B3013
LB 395861
L3013
II
Statue of George II in centre of Grand
Square. The king as Roman emperor,
leaning on broken columns. Figure rests
on square stone plinth, with sunken
panels and cornice, up 2 steps.
Very high
2409029
1735, John Rysback
B3014
LB 395852
L3014
II
Lamp standards surrounding Grand
square. 8 lamp standards of Portland
stone. Obelisks on square plinths carrying
wrought iron lamp holders.
Very high
2409025
18th / early 19th century
B3015
LB 200474
L3015
II
Gates and railings to east of grounds of
ORNC. Tall cast-iron railings with leaf
heads, resting on stone plinth. On east–
west axis of buildings, central double and
side single cast iron gates hung from
square, ornamental cast iron piers with
lamp holders on top.
Very high
2409030,
2409032–3
48
1850s, Philip Hardwick
No.
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
B3016
LB 200423
L3016
II
Railings to west boundary of grounds of
ORNC. Stone piers, with plinths, cornice
and blocking course, at intervals of tall,
cast-iron railings with leaf-head
standards, resting on stone plinths.
Very high
2409010–12
B3017
LB 200512
L3017
II
Monument to Officers and Men who fell in
New Zealand Campaign 1863–64. At
north-west part of ORNC grounds.
Very high
2409005–8
B3018
LB 200513
L3018
II
Bellot Monument. Pink granite obelisk just
outside boundary fence of ORNC and
about 16 yards west of north-west corner
of King Charles Building.
Very high
2409023
Philip Hardwick 1854-5
B3019
LB 200511
L3019
II
Gates and railings along north boundary
of ORNC. Tall cast-iron railings with leaf
heads, resting on stone plinth. On axis of
main plan, 4 square piers of cast iron,
with pattern of thistles, roses, trefoils, and
crowns. Central double gate with wroughtiron cresting and maritime symbols.
Single side gates. Piers have wroughtiron ogee caps with lamps above.
Very high
2409030
19th century
B3020
L3020
-
Statue of Sir Walter Raleigh. Bronze
statue of Sir Walter Raleigh holding a
sword, atop of a four-sided stone plinth.
Situated to the north of the Pepys Building
(B3012).
Medium
Photograph
Notes
nos.
2409003–4
1870
Possibly C. Raymond Smith, 1872
1959, William McMillan.
Moved from Whitehall to its present location in 2001.
NGR: 538371 177891
49
No.
B3021
B3022
B3023
B3024
Other
Reference
Nos.
L3021
Grade
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
Notes
nos.
-
LB 399181
[reference
no. for the
Pepys
Building
(B3012)]
L3022
II
LB 399181
[reference
no. for the
Pepys
Building
(B3012)]
L3023
II
LB 399181
[reference
no. for the
Pepys
Building
(B3012)]
L3024
II
Turkish cannon. Copper-alloy gun set in
ornamented gun carriage, on a marble
platform north of the Pepys Building
(B3012).
Medium
Mews Building. Within the curtilage of,
and now attached to, the Pepys Building
(B3012).
Very high
Brewery Building. Within the curtilage of
the Pepys Building (B3012).
Very high
2409001–2
Dated 1791, captured 1807 and deposited in
Greenwich. Removed to Suffolk 1933-2007.
NGR: 538351 177883
2409012,
2409014
1836, Joseph Kay
2409016
1836, Joseph Kay
Built on the site of the 1509 stables
Damaged by fire in 1842 but rebuilt and enlarged the
next year. Formerly extended to the west but replaced
by Pepys Building (B3012). The remnant is now
known as the ‘Old Brewery’.
Police Section House, now houses the
offices of the Greenwich Foundation.
Within the curtilage of the Pepys Building
(B3012).
Very high
50
2409011
1853-4, Philip Hardwick
No.
Other
Reference
Nos.
Grade
B3025
LB 399181
[reference
no. for the
Pepys
Building
(B3012)]
L3025
II
B3026
Name / Description
Significance
Photograph
Notes
nos.
Smoking Colonnade. Built for the
pensioners to look out over the river whilst
smoking their pipes. Within the curtilage
of the Pepys Building (B3012).
Very high
L3026
Fences, walls, railings and gates that
have not been statutorily listed
Uncertain
(probably
medium to
high when of
brick or cast
iron)
B3027
L3027
Lamp posts that have not been statutorily
listed
Uncertain
(possibly
medium to
high)
B3028
L3028
Other street furniture including bollards,
etc.
Uncertain
51
2409019
1855, Philip Hardwick
9
Bibliography
This bibliography includes works consulted as well as those referred to in the text of the
report.
9.1
General sources
BADLG, 1986 British Archaeologists and Developers Liaison Group, Code of practice,
London
DoE, 1990 Department of the Environment, Archaeology and planning: a consultative
document, Planning Policy Guidance Note 16, London
DoE, 1993 Department of the Environment [and] Department of National Heritage, Planning
policy guidance: historic buildings and conservation areas, Planning Policy Guidance
Note 15, London
English Heritage, March 1993 Time for Action. Greenwich Town Centre: A Conservation
Strategy. English Heritage, London.
English Heritage, 1999 Maritime Greenwich; World Heritage Site Management Plan.
English Heritage Greater London Archaeology Advisory Service, 1998 Archaeological
guidance papers 1–5, London
English Heritage Greater London Archaeology Advisory Service, 1999 Archaeological
guidance papers 6, London
Greater London Authority, Feb 2007 The London Plan Spatial Development Strategy for
Greater London Consolidated with Alterations since 2004
IFA, 2001 Institute of Field Archaeologists, By-laws, standards and policy statements of the
Institute of Field Archaeologists, standard and guidance: desk-based assessment, rev,
Reading
London Borough of Greenwich Unitary Development Plan, 2006
Museum of London, 2003 A research framework for London archaeology 2002, London
Rackham O, 1999 The history of the countryside. The classic history of Britain’s landscape,
flora and fauna. Phoenix Giant, London.
Sumbler, M, 1996 (4th edn). London and the Thames Valley. British Regional; Geology,
British Geological Survey, HMSO, London.
VCH Kent i, Hasted E, 1797 The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent:
Volume 1
Welch, M. 1992 Anglo-Saxon England. Batsford. English Heritage.
9.2
Site specific sources
(Published references to archaeological work, listed here, take precedence over unpublished
reports listed below (9.3)).
Bold, J, 1989 John Webb: Architectural Theory and Practice in the Seventeenth Century.
Clarendon Studies in the History of Art. Oxford.
Bold, J, 2000. Greenwich: An Architectural History of the Royal Hospital for Seamen and the
Queen’s House. Yale University Press / English Heritage, London.
Bolton, A, and Hendry, H (eds), 1929 The Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich, 16941728. The Wren Society, Vol. VI. Oxford
Bradley, S and Pevsner, N 1997. London: South. The Buildings of England series
Chettle, G, 1937 The Queen’s House. Survey of London, vol. 14. HMSO, London.
Colvin, H (ed), 1976 The History of the King’s Works. vol. V, 1660-1782. HMSO, London.
Colvin, H (ed), 1982 The History of the King’s Works. vol. IV, pt.ii, 1485-1660. HMSO,
London.
Davies, J, 1956 ‘The Dating of the Buildings of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich’, The
Archaeological Journal, vol. CXIII, 126-136.
52
D:\493707154.doc
Drake, H (ed.), 1886 History of Kent: Part 1. The Hundred of Blackheath. London.
Egan, M, 1994 ‘The Observant Friary at Greenwich’, Journal of the Greenwich Historical
Society, vol.1, no.3.
English Heritage, 1999 Maritime Greenwich. World Heritage Site Management Plan
Holden, A, 1966 ‘Early Town-planning in Greenwich’, Transactions of the Greenwich and
Lewisham Antiquarian Society vol.7, no.2, p. 111
Land Use Consultants, 1986 Greenwich Park, An Historical Survey, unpublished report.
Newell, P, 1984 Greenwich Hospital: A Royal Foundation 1692-1983. Trustees of Greenwich
Hospital, London.
Pearman, H, 1973, Caves and Tunnels in Kent; Greenwich, Records of the Chelsea
Spaeleological Society, vol 6, 4-21.
RCHME, 1994 Greenwich Park, Greenwich, Greater London. An Archaeological Survey by
the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England. Part 1: Summary
Report with Gazetteer and Geophysical Survey. Part 2: Reports for the National
Monuments record. Royal Parks Project. March 1994.
Royal Parks, 2007 Greenwich Park Management Plan. (Draft subject to Consultation)
Sharp, A, 1924a ‘Building the Royal Hospital at Greenwich’, Transactions of the Greenwich
and Lewisham Antiquarian Society. Vol. 3, no.1, 12-28.
Sharp, A, 1924b The Story of the Greenwich Armoury. Transactions of the Greenwich and
Lewisham Antiquarian Society. Vol. 3, no.4, 151-165.
Stone, JM, 1913, Greenwich; its underground passages, caverns etc, Trans.; Greenwich &
Lewisham Antiquarian Society, vol 1, no 4, 263-77.
Starkey, D (ed.), 1991 Henry VIII. A European Court in England. Collins and Brown /
National Maritime Museum. London.
Thurley, S, 1991 ‘Greenwich Palace’. pp.20-25, in Starkey (ed.).
Thurley, S, 1993 The Royal Palaces of Tudor England. Yale U.P., London.
Webster, A, 1902 Greenwich Park: Its history and associations.
Watts, K, 1991 ‘Henry VIII and the Founding of the Greenwich Armouries’ pp. 42-46 in
Starkey (ed.)
Williams, A and de Reuck, A, 1995 The Royal Armoury at Greenwich: A history of its
technology. Royal Armouries Monograph no. 4. London.
Willmot, F, 1968 ‘Flamsteed’s Well. Darenthis’, Journal of the Lewisham Natural History
Society. vol 4, 6–15.
9.3
Unpublished archaeological investigation reports
Bowsher, JMC, The Queen’s House, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich; a standing
building report. MoLAS.
Durnford, P, 1985 Queen’s House basements, archive report. MoL
9.4
Other Sources
British National Copyright Library, London
Historic Environment Record
Internet – web-published sources
Sites and Monuments Record
9.5
Cartographic sources
Plan of Greenwich Park, dated 1693 (TNA MR 1/329)
Rocque, J, 1746 ‘Exact Survey of the City of London Westminster and Southwark and the
Country 10 Miles Round’, reproduced in Margary, H, 1971 ‘Exact Survey of the City of
53
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London Westminster and Southwark and the Country 10 Miles Round’ by John
Rocque, 1746, Margary in assoc Guildhall Library, Kent
Survey of Greenwich Hospital, dated 1849
Wellers’ plan of Greenwich Park, dated to the 1860s
Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” map (1869)
Engineering/Architects drawings
LOCOG – Equestrian Greenwich Park, grp-sk-007, Rev. A1, 20/11/08
LOCOG – Equestrian Greenwich Park, grp-sk-008, Rev. A1, 20/11/08
Plowman Craven, Drawing No.: 18425-002T-02, Issue: A prov 1, 12-10-07
54
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10
Built Heritage Descriptions from the National Monument Record of
Greater London
10.1
Greenwich Park
The Old Royal Observatory
Greenwich Park: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Summary
Scheduled Monument (County Number) - 51
SMR Number (Greater London) - 070270
NBR Index Number - 82423
Listed Building List Entry Uid - 200387
Listed Building List Entry Uid - 200388
Listed Building List Entry Uid - 200389
Listed Building List Entry Uid - 200390
Listed Building List Entry Uid - 200368
Other Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
SCHEDULED MONUMENT
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 404339
THE OLD ROYAL OBSERVATORY
NMR Number: TQ 37 NE 17
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3884 7733 (area)
Original site of the Royal Observatory. Now part of the National Maritime Museum. Buildings
constructed from 1675.
Notes
Built on the site of the tower of Greenwich Castle (NAR. no TQ 37 NE 5), which was demolished to
make way for construction. The first stone was laid in August 1675 for the Octagon room of the Royal
Observatory (Attributed to Wren). This building now forms part of the National Maritime Museum and
to distinguish it from the Royal Greenwich Observatory which has removed to Herstmonceux, Sussex,
it is now called the Old Royal Observatory.
The original building, Flamsteed House (NAR no. TQ 37 NE 73), was constructed in 1675-6 by
Christopher Wren, with later additions in 1772-3. The rest of the complex was constructed in the 18th
and 19th centuries (NAR no. TQ 37 NE 73, 76-78).
The Royal Observatory was moved to Hurstmonceux in 1948. The buildings became an annexe of the
National
Maritime Museum. In 1965 attempts were made to locate Flamsteed's Well, a shaft 100ft deep used
for observation on the stars. It is shown on a 1676 engraving as partly brick-lined with a timber, spiral
staircase. Excavations located a circular shalf 7-8 ft in diameter with the remains of a small building
hexagonal in plan, capping the well. Most of the pottery dated from the 18th century.
The Old Royal Observatory, South Building
Greenwich Park: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
55
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Status
Unique Identifier: 449368
THE OLD ROYAL OBSERVATORY, SOUTH BUILDING
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3895177215
Former New Physical Observatory to the Royal Greenwich Observatory, now offices and planetarium.
1892-99 by William Crisp in close collaboration with W H M Christie, Astronomer Royal. Banded brick
and Doulton terracotta, slate roof rising to central flat area with decorative iron railings. Cruciform plan
of two storeys and attics on steeply sloping site with central copper dome built to house the Lassell
Dome telescope. Central core presents single-bay canted front to each side, from which project twobay wings terminating in paired stacks. Germano-Italianate Renaissance style, the ground floor with
Gibbsian surrounds and keystones to wooden casement windows, the first floors over heavy sill bands
with de Vriesian pilasters, mullions and transoms. Aediculed dormers with pediments. North side of
centrepiece has a double-height composition of mullions and transoms with decorated panels between
and below. Principal entrance on first floor at end of eastern arm, reached up six steps, with double
door under round headed opening and flanked by pilasters. Balcony over with pedimented dormer
behind. Many decorative plaques and shields devised by Doultons for the building.
Over each first floor window is a plaque to an important British scientist or astromer, with Newton
reserved for the centre and Flamsteed, Bradley, Maskelyne and Airy on the ends of the wings - these
last deemed the positions of greatest honour. Bust of John Flamsteed, the first Astronomer Royal, by J
Raymond Smith, c.1898-9.
The South Building was constructed to house the Lassell Dome telescope and to house the Royal
Observatory's pioneering work in astronomical photography. It later housed the two 'Thompson
equatorial' telescopes. The vigorous display of terracotta work is demonstrative of that material at its
best.
The Old Royal Observatory, Former Great Equatorial Building
Greenwich Park: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 200389
THE OLD ROYAL OBSERVATORY, FORMER GREAT EQUATORIAL BUILDING
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3890677311
Mid C19 octagonal stock brick building of 3 storeys with red brick window arches to sashes with
glaring bars; and stone 1st floor band. Wood gallery around 2nd floor. Low domed roof, a replacement
for large onion dome which was removed when the Great Equatorial telescope was transferred to
another building.
The Old Royal Observatory, Transit House
Greenwich Park: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 200388
56
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THE OLD ROYAL OBSERVATORY, TRANSIT HOUSE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3888877321
C17 and C18 2-storey brick building with C19 and modern alterations. This contains the transit
telescopes of 3 Astronomers Royal, with a collection of other relevant material; and the finally-decided
Prime Meridian runs trough the Eastern part. A series of rooms on the South side fitted and furnished
as if to be used by the 1st Astronomer Royal in late C17.
The Old Royal Observatory, Wall and Clock
Greenwich Park: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 200390
THE OLD ROYAL OBSERVATORY, WALL AND CLOCK
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3888577339
Short section of stock brick wall bounded by 2 square, stone-coped brick piers and having sunk panel
under gauged brick arch. In this panel the 24-hour astronomical clock.
Bronze Statue of General Wolfe
Greenwich Park: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 200391
BRONZE STATUE OF GENERAL WOLFE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3888877321
1930. Dr R Tait McKenzie, sculptor. Bronze figure holding telescope on high, square stone plinth up 4
shallow and one tall step. Inscription "This monument, the gift of the Canadian people, was unveiled
on the 5th of June 1930 by Le Marquis de Montcalm." Plinth much pitted by bomb fragments.
St Mary’s Lodge
Greenwich Park: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 200385
ST MARY’S LODGE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3847277481
Slightly ornamental cottage, 2nd quarter of C19. 2-storey central block projecting in a half-octagon
with 3 windows. 1-storey, 1-window side wings. Low pitched slated roof, hipped at ends and over
57
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projection, has deep eaves soffit with curved brackets. Stuccoed walls, 1st floor band. Low, 1st floor
segment-headed casement windows with glazing bars. Round arched ground floor windows, replaced
casements with bars under radial heads. Projecting central porch with low gable, angle pilasters and
cornice band, and plain modern door.
St Mary’s Gate
Greenwich Park: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 200422
ST MARY’S GATE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3852877544
1844. Granite statue by Samuel Nixon, representing the King in the uniform of a high admiral. It
formerly stood in King William Street, City.
Park Boundary Wall
Greenwich Park: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 200393
PARK BOUNDARY WALL
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3874677659
Much of the original C17 red brick walling, including piers with stone capping and dressed and
moulded angles, remains. Parts have been repaired or rebuilt at various later dates, but the whole
adds to the amenity of the Park. On the north side are wrought iron gates.
10.2
National Maritime Museum
Statue of King William IV
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 200386
STATUE OF WILLIAM IV TO NORTH-EAST OF ST MARY'S GATE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3852877544
1844. Granite statue by Samuel Nixon, representing the King in the uniform of a high admiral. It
formerly stood in King William Street, City.
58
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Cooper Building
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 398390
FORMER DEVONPORT PATHOLOGICAL SCHOOL
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3849177571
Pathological laboratory. 1926-9 by Sir Edwin Cooper. English bond reddish brown brick with Portland
stone dressings; flat roofs. Quadrangular plan. Classical style. Front elevation has 2-storey, 5-bay
ranges set behind one-storey, 9-bay range continued to sides. One-storey range has Doric portico in
antis flanked by 24-pane sashes set in square-headed stone architraves, and stone cill band and
parapet band; 2-storey range, with bold stone cornice, has windows set in square-headed tile
architraves flanking central keyed stone architrave with garlanded surround, similar windows set in tile
architraves to sides and rear of this block. One-storey side elevations each of 9-window range (to
outer sides) with oval windows and flat brick arches over 24-pane sashes. Rear elevation has 2storey block with small windows set in tile architraves and tall brick stack set behind one-storey range
with stone parapet; latter-has 3 semi-circular tile arches to garages flanked by bracketed hood over
doorway flanked by three 6-pane windows with flat brick arches to either side. Interior: includes
marble hall with pilasters and moulded cornice to vaulted corridor and turned-baluster open-well
staircase.
Newton’s Pillar
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 396021
Newton’s Pillar
OSGB Grid Reference TQ
General funerary monument built by William Newton, originally at the centre of the Greenwich Hospital
Burial Ground on the axis of the former Greenwich Hospital School building. Coade stone urn on a
Tuscan column, formerly on an upright composite rectangular plinth with sunk panel sides. The plinth
was lost in the recent relocation for Devonport House works except for the cap and base slabs which
now form the column base.
Devonport House
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 398392
59
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DEVONPORT HOUSE, NURSE’S HOME
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3848877621
Includes Nos 66-68 (consecutive), King William Walk.
Nurses' home. 1926-9 by Sir Edwin Cooper, incorporating part of Boys' Hospital of 1783 (Nos 66-68
King William Walk) as rear wing. English bond reddish brown brick with Portland.stone dressings;
hipped Roman tile roof; brick stacks with moulded stone capping. Plan has long east-west range,
facing Romney Road, with 2 projecting wings to south including 1783 wing to west. Wrennaissance
style. 3 storeys and attic; 24-window range with stone plat band above, rusticated ground floor and
stone cill bands to ground and first-floor windows. Giant order of 2 Doric columns to recessed central
bay set above semicircular arched entrance flanked by blind oculi; flanking bays have garlanded stone
oculi over 24-pane sashes set in bracketed pedimented stone architraves with flaming urns on
bracketed balustrades set above panelled double doors in bolection-moulded stone architraves.
Ground-floor 20-pane sashes, first-floor 15-pane sashes and second-floor 12-pane sashes set in
square-headed stone architraves to main 8-window ranges with similar garlanded oculi and
pedimented first-floor windows to each outer bay; pedimented dormers with 12-pane sashes. Other
elevations similar in style; rear of central entrance bay has lugged bolection-moulded architrave to
second-floor window and pedimented first-floor window with balcony and urns set over similar
rusticated doorway; 1783 wing, facing King William Walk, of 3 storeys and 8 x 3 bays with first and
second-floor windows (some retaining gauged brick arches over sashes with glazing bars) set in
recessed semicircular arches with stone impost courses and with dentilled cornice. Interior: includes
marble vestibule with pilasters, commemorative plaque, dentilled cornice and neo-classical style
plaster ceiling; fine panelled boardroom with carved overmantel, marble fireplace and neo-classical
style plaster ceiling; 2 late C17 style dog-leg staircases with turned balusters.
Rear Wing of Devonport House
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 396015
BUILDING TO SOUTH OF DEVONPORT HOUSE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3848977619
Formerly the Hospital Boys' School.
1783 by William Newton. Remains of symmetrical composition which once had 9-bay front and 3-bay
projecting end wings. Now north wing and north bay of main block have been removed and building
abuts on new Nurses' Home building. 3 storeys and attic. Slightly projecting 3-bay former centrepiece
has raised stone attic with 3 wide 3-light windows defined by flat pilasters. Elsewhere low pitched
slated roof has 3 flat dormers; and end wing has pedimented front. Stone modillion cornice and
blocking course. On 2nd floor low casement windows with glazing bars under near-flat, gauged brick
arches. On 1st floor long casement windows under round gauged brick arches with stone impost
band. In end wing centre window only round arched. Low, flat-arched flanking windows and round
recess above band. Sunk brick panels below windows. Stone 1st floor string. Gauged, near-flat brick
arches to ground floor sash windows with glazing bars in arcaded front with stone springing band. 2
plain doors at left.
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Boundary Railings of the Greenwich Hospital Officers Burial Plot
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 396044
BOUNDARY RAILINGS
OSGB Grid Reference TQ
Boundary railings of former Greenwich Hospital Officers Burial Plot, at the north-east of Devonport
House.
Greenwich Hospital Officers’ Mausoleum
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 396045
GREENWICH HOSPITAL OFFICERS’ MAUSOLEUM
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3913877750
Structure built under the direction of Nicholas Hawksmoor in 1713-14 to serve as a mausoleum for the
use of the officers of the Greenwich Hospital and their families. Richard Billingshurst was the
bricklayer. Re-roofed and arched openings filled up c1820. A 3-bay single storey structure of brown
brick with rubbed red brick dressings, stone coping and slate roof end pediments with brick pilasters
and round-headed arch with C20 plank door. The 3 arched openings on the north side have been
partially bricked in, partially glazed in and the central opening now has a door. The floor inside is
paved with stone slabs. Below the structure is a 3 bay groined vault of brick with a floor probably of
beaten earth. At the time of inspection this was full of intact, semi-preserved and collapsed coffins of
lead and wood together with the decayed relics of their former charges. Some iron bars, and a curved
section of brickwork on the west (or park) side show where the entrance to the vault originally was.
This structure ceased to be used for interments in the late 1740s. Shown on 1749 engraving of
Greenwich Park in London Magazine, but with original triple gabled roof with higher central section.
[See Mrs Basil Holmes, "The London Burial Grounds" 1896 p.178 and p.313].
Forecourt railings and gates to North of Seamen's old burial ground and Nurses'
Home
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 396010
FORECOURT RAILINGS AND GATES TO NORTH OF SEAMEN'S OLD BURIAL GROUND AND
NURSES' HOME
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OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3850377726
C19 tall, lancehead cast iron railings, with square stone piers at intervals, continuing around corner to
King William Walk. Opposite entrance to Nurses' Home 2 small, stone arches, with wide pilasters and
entablature and cast iron, acanthus pattern lamp holders above. Within the arches, small cast iron
gates and between them double cast iron gates.
The Queen’s House
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 395996
THE QUEEN’S HOUSE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3871177697
Central block of the Queen's House, connected by colonnades to side wings. The Queen's House.
Inigo Jones, begun 1616, completed 1637. 2 storeys, 7 windows on north-west front. Fairly low
pitched leaded roof has square chimney stacks with rebated angles. Stucco lst floor with stone
dressings. Rusticated stone ground floor. Moulded architrave, frieze, dentil cornice and balustraded
parapet with pilasters between bays. Sash windows with glazing bars. Moulded architraves with
cornices to 1st floor windows. On north front double curved stair to balustraded terrace. On
basement level, between wings of stair, a round arched entrance with moulded architrave and
keystone. On south front a slightly projecting central section with open 5-bay gallery divided by Ionic
columns on 1st floor. Balustrades to 1st floor windows matching that of gallery. Plain reveals with
tipple keystones to ground floor windows. Segmental arched entrances under colonnades at East and
West sides. Interior rather plain and solid. Original features remain, i.e. doors and door cases, marble
fireplaces and the Tulip Staircase so called because of tulip flowers in the wrought ironwork of the
balustrade. Some enriched ceilings notably in the galleried hall (geometrical with very high raised
borders) and the later east bridge room (geometrical with quatrefoil centre and very rich raised
borders).
East and west wings by David Alexander 1807-16. Road fronts of Palladian proportions 2 storey, attic
and basement. Moderately low pitched, slated roof. Stuccoed walls, stone dressings. Doric front of 6
attached columns, the outer ones square, supporting entablature and blocking course. Over 3 middle
bays an attic storey with 4 pilasters rising to small cornice and blocking course breaking forward
around them. Balustraded parapet at either side and for 1st portion of returns. Banded, rusticated
ground floor with cornice. Projecting rusticated stone basement with plain plinth. Moulded reveals to
low, replaced sashes with glazing bars on attic and 1st floors. Ground floor windows in moulded
architraves, basement windows with large keystones, both sashes with glazing bars. On inner returns
3 projecting features, each with 4 Doric pilasters, support entablature and blocking course.
Balustraded parapet at ends. Similar fenestration to fronts, except that basement windows at Romney
Road end are round arched. Rusticated ground floor. Heavily rusticated basement, vermiculate
basement to southern projections. Between projections 8 bays at back and 10 at front. West wing
forms left wing of symmetrical arrangement of 3 Western blocks, the far west wing being similar. The
centre block of this arrangement contains museum entrance. Two storeys, attic and basement, 4
windows. Doric attached columns, resting on projecting rusticated basement, support entablature and
balustraded parapet. Columns paired at angles and at either side of centre bay, which is further
emphasised by pairs of projecting detached columns. Tall central entrance arch to above 1st floor
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level has mask on keystone and Royal arms in tympanum. Recessed panel above entablature has
Naval arms under cornice and pediment.
In 1873, a large Gymnasium (now Neptune Court) was built by Charles Pasley between the two west wings to
serve as an indoor gymnasium. Former Royal Hospital School Gymnasium/National Maritime Museum Neptune
Hall. Only the outer façade wall of the northern entrance block (NMM Stanhope entrance) survives after
redevelopment in 1996-9 (BDP/Rick Mather) as Neptune’s Court.
Wall, railings and gates to east of National Maritime Museum
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 200473
WALL, RAILINGS AND GATES TO EAST OF NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM
OSGB Grid Reference TQ
Early-19th century wall (remaining east flank of former service buildings) and railings, plus c. 1935
gates to east of National Maritime Museum. Tall, cast iron railings, with leaf or spearhead finials,
running from the north-east corner of Museum grounds south to the double cast iron gate hung from
square cast iron piers with lamp holders. Stuccoed wall run south from the gates to another, similar
pair of gates and small section of railings at the south-east corner of grounds.
Forecourt railings and gates to National Maritime Museum
National Maritime Museum: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 396004
FORECOURT RAILINGS AND GATES TO NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3866377818
C19 tall, lancehead cast iron railings on plinth of Portland stone. On axis of Queen's House four
square cast iron piers with ornament of roses, thistles, trefoils and crowns. Wrought-iron ogee caps
with lamps over. Central double cast iron gate with wrought iron cresting and maritime symbols.
Single side gates.
10.3
Royal Naval College
North-west Building ‘King Charles’ Quarters’
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 200510
‘KING CHARLES’ QUARTERS’
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3848877924
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Begun in 1664 by John Webb, Eastern parts. North-west pavilion 1712. South parts 1769 by James
Stuart. West front 1811-14 by Yenn. All of limestone ashlar. East front of 2 storeys with 3-storey end
pavilions of 3 bays. These, and 3-bay centre section under pediment project slightly. 7-window
intermediate sections. Moderately low pitched, leaded roof except for angle pavilions which have
balustraded parapets. Attached Corinthian columns in centre and pilasters in angles support full width
enriched entablature. Walls rusticated with bands at both floor cills and 1st floor level. Quintuple
keystones to sash windows with glazing bars. Segmental pediments over centre ground floor windows
in end pavilions. 3 round arched entrances in centre section. North front of 3 storeys, 7 windows. Main
entablature, at 2nd floor level, rests on Corinthian attached columns and pilasters and has pediment at
centre of either side. 2nd floor looks later and has lighter entablature and balustraded parapet. Lower
floors rusticated. Quintuple keystones to sash windows with glazing bars, those on 1st floor with
Corinthian pilasters, entablature and pediment, those on ground floor with moulded architrave, Gibbs
surround and pediment. On both floors round arched niches alternate with windows. Round arched
entrance on axis under modified Doric entablature. Sunk panel and pediment over, and another flat
panel above. Inscription in left pediment "CAROLUS II REX A.REG.XVI." West front of 23 bays, with
slightly projecting 3-bay centre and ends. 2 storeys and basement. 3-storey ends. Corinthian pilasters
divide bays and support entablature with modillion cornice and balustraded parapet except in centre
where parapet is high and solid; and at ends where rusticated top floor has another entablature and
balustraded parapet over. First floor band behind pilasters. Moulded architraves to sash windows with
glazing bars except in ends where reveals are plain. Inscription in frieze of centrepiece "GEORGIUS III
REX A.REGNI IV AD MDCCCXIV".
South-west Building ‘King William’s Quarter’
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 395931
‘KING WILLIAM’S QUARTERS’
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3858977860
Begun 1698 to design of Sir Christopher Wren. Hall, dome and colonnade completed 1703. West front
by Vanbrugh 1728. East (inner front) a long colonnade of paired Tuscan columns with set back,
balustraded upper floor above. At north-east corner tower of 2 stages with drum and dome above.
Lower stage square, 1-bay with wide open pediment and high round arched window with flanking
niches. Upper stage round, of Corinthian columns, with diagonal projections. Low drum with raised
eaves on axes. Ribbed leaded dome with oval windows in lower part and columned cupola with vane
above. South front 4 storeys and basement. Enriched entablature and parapet. Slightly projecting
pedimented end bays with pilasters on 3rd floor and quoins below. All windows sashes with glazing
bars and all but ground floor in moulded architraves, those on 3rd floor shouldered. Console bracketed
broken cornices and triple keystones to 2nd floor windows. Modified Gibbs surround and console
bracketed cornices to 1st floor windows. Windows in outer bays in tall, round arched recesses with
oval attic windows. 3rd floor window in right bay flanked by round arched niches. Below this, return of
inner colonnade 6 pairs of Tuscan columns, the outer ones square, with entablature and balustraded
parapet. West front arranged in 3 blocks. Red brick with Portland stone dressings, and stone façade to
3-bay centre, Inner block of 4 storeys and basement, 11 windows. Rebated angles with inner and
outer quoins. 2 square ½-colums and 2 fluted round columns support Doric entablature and parapet,
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lower at sides. Gauged brick arches to recessed sash windows with glazing bars. Tall, round-arched
1st floor centre window with oval window above. Round arched entrance below. 3-storey, 1-window
links, with windows in open-pedimented entablature surround, to 3-bay end pavilions under wide
segmental pediments. Deep recess with oval window in tympanum. Stone quoins. Segment headed
2nd floor windows with drip mould and cill band. Round arched 1st floor windows with cill band.
Moulded stone architraves. Segment headed ground floor windows with spring string.
Inside, the Painted Hall. Vestibule under dome has columns painted in grisaille and sculpture in
pendentives. Flight of steps and screen of composite columns to Lower Hall of 8 main bays divided by
composite pilasters supporting enriched entablature. All painted in grisaille to give effect of fluted
columns and pilasters, enriched architraves and rosette-panelled reveals, trophies of arms on West
wall and cartouches over doors. 6 steps and proscenium-type arch to smaller upper hall. Signs of
zodiac in high relief on archivolt. Ceilings painted by Sir James Thornhill between 1708 and 1716. In
Eastern bay figures representing tidal rivers drawn up by the moon around a Spanish galleon and
surrounded by figures of great astronomers. In oval centre William and Mary surrounded by Virtues,
with Louis XIV underfoot, bordered by figures representing Seasons and Signs of Zodiac (a portrait of
an old pensioner of the Hospital introduced as Winter.) In western arch Vices chased from Heavens
by Minerva and Hercules, around another Spanish Galleon; and figures representing the City of
London and rivers; and Greek scientists. In Upper Hall ceiling Queen Anne and her consort, Prince
George of Denmark, in a medallion surrounded by Virtues; with sea gods and sea creatures
welcoming the return of the Maritime Agent. 4 side panels of the Continents. Flower pieces in corners
by Charles Lebrun. Walls painted by pupils of Thornhill, allegorical scenes in grisaille. Inner courtyard
of this building has, on East side, a colonnaded portico with pediment containing sculptures
representing Nelson's battles in Coade stone by Benjamin West.
North-east Building ‘Queen Anne’s Quarter’
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 395863
‘QUEEN ANNE’S QUARTERS’
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3862878007
Begun in 1699 to designs of Sir Christopher Wren. Completed by Campbell and Ripley in 1750. East
front of 23 bays. Portland stone ashlar. 2 storeys and basement. Slightly projecting 3-bay centre and
ends the latter of 3 storeys, rusticated, with balustraded parapet. Corinthian pilasters support full
length entablature. Low pitched slated roof. Pediment over 3-bay centre with all windows deeply
recessed, those on lower floors round headed with flat surround and sunk panels below. Centre attic
window in high, round arch reaching into pediment and resting on Doric columns. Enriched springing
strings to ground and 1st floor arches. All windows sashes with glazing bars, the rest in plain reveals.
Cill bands on both floors. Entrance on axis with lamp holder on wrought iron bracket above. North front
3 storeys, 7 windows. Main entablature, at 2nd floor level, rests on attached Corinthian columns and
pilasters and has pediment at centre of either side. Lighter entablature and balustraded parapet to 2nd
floor. Lower floors rusticated. Quire quintuple keystones to sash windows with glazing bars, those on
1st floor with Corinthian pilasters and entablature, those on ground floor with moulded architrave,
Gibbs surround and pediment. On both floors round arched niches alternate with windows. Flat
arched central entrance of 2-storey height to courtyard behind. West front 23 bays with slightly
projecting 3-bay centre and ends. 2 storeys and basement. 3-storey ends. Corinthian pilasters divide
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bays and support entablature with modillion cornice and balustraded parapet except in centre, where
parapet is high and solid and at ends where rusticated top floor has another entablature and
balustraded parapet over. First floor band behind pilasters. Moulded architraves to sash windows with
glazing bars except in ends where reveals are plain.
South-east Building ‘Queen Mary’s Quarter’
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 395868
‘QUEEN MARY’S QUARTERS’
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3867777909
Begun in 1699 with chapel and inner colonnade to designs of Sir Christopher Wren. Completed by Sir
John Vanbrugh 1728. East front Portland stone ashlar. 4 storeys, 25 bays. Slightly projecting 5-bay
centrepiece (with balustraded parapet) and 3-bay ends with pedimented gables. Hipped roof of
moderate pitch, leaded to North, slated to South. Dentilled eaves cornice right across; blocking course
over intermediate sections. Bands at 1st and 3rd floor levels and at 1st floor cills. Rusticated ground
floor. Piano Nobile comprises 1st and low 2nd floor, both included in arcading of centre and ends,
with 2nd floor windows lunettes. All other windows recessed square headed sashes with glazing bars,
those in centre and ends with moulded architraves. South front 4 storeys and basement, 11 windows.
Enriched entablature and parapet. Slightly projecting pedimented end bays with pilasters on 3rd floor
and quoins below. Bands at third floor level and first floor cills. Rusticated ground floor. Above ground
floor windows in moulded architraves, those on third floor shouldered. Console bracketed broken
cornices and triple keystones to 2nd floor windows. Modified Gibbs surround and console bracketed
cornice to 1st floor windows. Windows in outer bays in tall, round arched recesses running up into
pediment, with oval attic window. In left bay 3rd floor window flanked by round arched niches. Below
this the return of inner colonnade, 6 pairs of Tuscan columns (the outer ones square) with entablature
and balustraded parapet over. The whole inner (West) return is a long colonnade of paired columns
with balustraded upper floor set back behind them and ending in a tower of 2 stages with drum and
dome above. Lover stage square, 1-bay with wide open pediment and high round arched window with
flanking niches. Upper stage round, of Corinthian columns, with diagonal projections. Low drum with
raised eaves for clock face. Ribbed lead dome with oval windows in lower part, columned cupola with
vane above. Inside, the chapel, damaged by fire in 1779; and in 1789 redecorated by James
(Athenian) Stuart and William Newton. Octagonal vestibule with coved ceiling. Tall flight of curved,
dimishing steps. 8-bay chapel with wood galleries both sides resting on wide, curved brackets. Low,
segmental ceiling has 3 coffered roundels in borders. Organ gallery at West end resting on Ionic Order
with balustrade, highly enriched. Original organ by Samuel Green, 1789. All that remains of original
decoration are 2 tall pairs of Corinthian columns at either end framing entrance and altarpiece painting
by Benjamin West. Very rich classical ornament throughout in shallow relief and in grisaille. In gallery
ends double doors in rich surrounds under flattened, coffered ½-domes. Round pulpit, on 4 fluted
Corinthian columns, has carved Coade stone medallions by Benjamin West, and graceful curved stair.
River wall in front of Royal Naval College
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
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WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 399180
RIVER WALL IN FRONT OF ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3857778039
Two hundred metres of river wall fronting the Royal Naval College (formerly Greenwich Hospital, q.v.).
1830s, from the office of Joseph Kay, architect to the hospital, and contemporary with his Trafalgar
Tavern (q.v.) alongside. Limestone ashlar, a formal composition with two flights of steps at its centre,
the stonework in between rusticated and slightly battered. The east end adjoining the Trafalgar Tavern
projects towards the river for twenty metres; safety is ensured by the survival of the contemporary
ironwork set between thick, square limestone piers. Each panel of ironwork comprises a diagonal
cross set with a central boss decorated with a circular 'rope'.
Dreadnought Seamen’s Hospital
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 395955
DREADNOUGHT SEAMEN’S HOSPITAL
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3846677785
Built in 1703-4 by James Stuart. Main South front of 3 storeys and basement, 13 windows. Stuccoed
at a later date. 1-bay centre and end sections project slightly. Low pitched, hipped slate roof with
separate roofs over end sections. Entablature and blocking course, 2nd floor string, rusticated quoins
and rusticated centre bay to 2nd floor level. Over this a pseudo-pediment with maritime arms. 2-storey
entrance arch through axis. Sash windows with glazing bars in moulded architraves with bracketed
cills. Similar side elevations.
Gates and Railings in front of Dreadnought Seamen’s Hospital
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 395959
GATES AND RAILINGS IN FRONT OF DREADNOUGHT SEAMEN’S HOSPITAL
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3847477726
C19 tall, lancehead cast iron railings, with square stone piers at intervals. On axis of hospital 2 small
stone arches, with wide pilasters and entablature and small cast iron gates within the arch. Double
cast iron gates between.
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South Gates and Railings on South side of Grounds of the Royal Naval College
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 395927
ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE SOUTH GATES AND RAILINGS ON SOUTH SIDE OF GROUNDS
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3863977822
C19 tall cast iron railings with leaf-head standards, on Portland stone plinth. On North-South axis 4
square piers of cast iron with ornament of thistles, roses, trefoils and crowns. Double gate with
wrought iron cresting and maritime symbols. Single side gates. Piers have ogee wrought iron caps
with lamps on top. Further West, in front of Dreadnought Seamen's Hospital, railings are articulated by
stone piers at intervals. On axis of Seamen's Hospital cast iron double entrance gate hung from stone
piers in the form of arches, with wide pilasters and entablature, and small cast iron gate in the arch.
Fountains in grounds on axes to West of King Charles' and King William's Quarters
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 395952
ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE FOUNTAINS IN GROUNDS ON AXES TO WEST OF KING CHARLES'
AND KING WILLIAM'S QUARTERS
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3850877812
Two identical stone fountains, C18. Vermiculate square plinth, with masks on sides, supports raised
round bowl. Shaft above with 4 projecting gargoyles. Iron cap, probably later, with 3 stepped lamp
holders.
Gate Lodges at East Gate of Royal Naval College
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 200475
GATE LODGES AT EAST GATE OF ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3869377970
Pair of lodges, each one storey and attic with a one-storey, one-window, set back outer extension.
Red brick with Povtland stone dressings, i.e. plinth, vermiculate rusticated quoins, window architraves
and frame of attic pediment. Lunette in attic. Ground floor sash windows with glazing bars.
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Gates, Gate Piers and Lodges to West Entrance of Royal Naval College
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE I
Status
Unique Identifier: 200424
GATES, GATE PIERS AND LODGES TO WEST ENTRANCE OF ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3836677798
On main East-West axis 2 massive, square Portland stone piers with plinths, vermiculate rusticated
quoins, cornice and high, solid parapet with carved trophies of arms. Round arched niches in main
shaft. Above parapets swept plinths bear huge ball finials with lines of latitude and longitude in copper
strips. Central double cast iron gate with wrought iron cresting and arched overthrow with lamp holder.
1-storey and attic, 1-window lodges of red brick with Portland stone dressings, i.e. plinth, vermiculate
rusticated quoins, window architraves and borders of open attic pediment. Lunette in attic. Ground
floor sash window with glazing bars. Entrances on inner return. 1-storey, 1-window left extension to
North Lodge.
Royal Naval College ‘Pepys Building’
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 399181
‘PEPYS BUILDING’, MEWS BUILDING, OLD BREWERY, POLICE STATION AND SMOKING
COLONNADE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3837077870
Former rackets courts, now laboratories. The western block 1874-5 by Colonel Clarke RE, the central
screen and eastern part identical in design and added in 1882-3 by General Pudsey RE to form a
symmetrical composition. Converted to laboratories in c.1906. Stone and stuccoed facades, roof
hidden by high parapets. Seven-bay screen with higher two-bay ends. Tuscan pilasters across screen
break forward into pairs of Ionic columns set between engaged columns with fluted capitals, all these
in antis under projecting parapets at ends. The parapets are elaborate, with raised centrepieces
supported on swags and urns set on high and elaborately carved plinths as corner pieces; all this
decoration the work of C R Smith. Rusticated ground floor. At first-floor height busts in high relief set in
roundels depict from east to west: Anson, Drake, Cook, Howard, Blake, Benbow, Sandwich, Rodney,
Duncan, Collingwood, Howe, Nelson and St Vincent. Nine-bay side elevations and three-bay rear also
denoted by pilasters, the ground floor rusticated under fluted frieze and with empty first-floor roundels.
Above these a deep frieze and an attic storey also broken into bays by short pilaster strips.
Mews Building, built in 1836 by Joseph Kay on the site of the Tudor stables.
The brewery building was built in 1836 by Joseph Kay. It was burnt down in 1842 but rebuilt and
enlarged the next year. Formerly extended to the west but replaced by Pepys Building. The remnant is
now known as the ‘Old Brewery’.
The Police Section House was built in 1853-4 by Philip Hardwick, now houses the offices of the
Greenwich Foundation
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The Smoking Colonnade was built in 1855 by Philip Hardwick for the pensioners to look out over the
river whilst smoking their pipes.
Statue of George II in the Grand Square of the Royal Naval College
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 395861
STATUE OF GEORGE II
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3855777964
Statue of George II as warrior. Figure leaning on broken columns rests on square stone plinth, with
sunk panels and cornice, up 2 steps.
Lamp Standards Surrounding the Grand Square of the Royal Naval College
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 395852
LAMP STANDARDS SURROUNDING THE GRAND SQUARE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3856978003
8 lamp standards in Portland stone. Obelisks on square plinths carrying wrought iron lamp holders.
Gates and Railings to East of Grounds of the Royal Naval College
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 200474
GATES AND RAILINGS TO EAST OF GROUNDS OF THE ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3866178036
C19 tall cast iron railings with leaf heads, resting on stone plinth. On East-West axis of buildings
central double and side single cast iron gates hung from square, ornamental cast iron piers with lamp
holders on top.
Railings to West Boundary of the Royal Naval College
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
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WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 200423
RAILINGS TO WEST BOUNDARY OF THE ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3832577899
Stone piers, with plinths, cornice and blocking course, at intervals of tall, cast-iron railings with leafhead standards, resting on stone plinths.
Monument to officers and men who fell in New Zealand campaign 1863-64 (at northeast part of Royal Naval College grounds)
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 200512
MONUMENT TO OFFICERS AND MEN WHO FELL IN NEW ZEALAND CAMPAIGN 1863-64
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3833777917
After 1864. Tall, pinkish grey granite obelisk on square plinth with cable mouldings top and bottom and
inscriptions on sides. 3 high, wide steps to plinth.
Monument just outside boundary fence of Royal Naval College and about 16 yds
West of North-west corner of ‘King Charles' Quarter’
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
Status
Unique Identifier: 200513
MONUMENT JUST OUTSIDE BOUNDARY FENCE OF ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE AND ABOUT 16
YARDS WEST OF NORTH-WEST CORNER OF ‘KING CHARLES' QUARTER’
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3842477957
1853. Three steps of polished shap granite resting on sloped, square stone plinth. Low, square shaft
bearing, on North side, incised inscription "BELLOT". One step and obelisk above. On south face of
shaft an attached copper plate bearing inscription "To the intrepid young Bellot of the French Navy
who, in the endeavour to rescue Franklin, shared the fate and the glory of that illustrious navigator.
From his British admirers 1853."
Gates and Railings along North Boundary of the Royal Naval College
Old Royal Naval College: Greenwich (Civil Parish): Greenwich (District): Greater London
Identifiers
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II
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Status
Unique Identifier: 200511
GATES AND RAILINGS ALONG NORTH BOUNDARY OF THE ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE
OSGB Grid Reference TQ 3854478018
C19 tall cast iron railings with leaf heads, resting on stone plinth. On axis of main plan, 4 square piers
of cast iron, with pattern of thistles, roses trefoils and crowns. Central double gate with wrought iron
cresting and maritime symbols. Single side gates. Piers have wrought iron ogee caps with lamps
above.
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