Download mitosis review

Study sheet for biology test - cell division
Test covers chapter 8 and p. 181-189 of chap 10. Also section 11.15-17 and p. 563 (stem cells)
1. Describe the processes of mitosis and meiosis. You should know the order of the stages, and
understand what happens in each.
2. Along with mitosis and meiosis go several terms that were important in explaining these
processes - don't forget these. (check this online glossary) | click here (or scroll down) for a list
3. You should understand the context and ultimate goal of each of these processes:
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mitosis: occurs in every cell of an organism, for growth and repair. Produces two
identical copies of the original cell by first copying the DNA (chromosomes), splitting
the copies from each other, and then dividing the rest of the cell material in half.
meiosis: occurs only in areas that produce gametes in sexually reproducing organisms.
The process involves a copying of the chromosomes as well, but you end up with four
cells coming from one, so the number of chromosomes is cut in half. There are two
rounds of division: in the first, identical copies do not separate, but chromosomes find
and separate from their homolog; the second division proceeds just like mitosis.
4. In order to help understand the differences between mitosis and meiosis, use the comparisons
listed on the other side of this sheet. Also, be sure to take advantage of the diagrams on the web
site -- or use the book CD.
5. Cell cycle, including growth factors/controls
6. Also, don't forget to study the structure of DNA, and the process of DNA replication (the way
it copies itself). Be sure you understand the difference between genes, chromosomes, and DNA
(see definitions in notes).
7. Errors from non-disjunction - downs syndrome, etc.
8. Chromosomal rearrangements
9. Three sources of variability in producing offspring/gametes, including independent
assortment and crossing over.
10. Stem cells
The following chart is useful in comparing mitosis and meiosis:
Mitosis
1. occurs in normal body cells.
Meiosis
1. occurs only where gametes (sperm and
eggs) are made.
2. purpose: growth and repair of normal body 2. purpose: produce gametes.
parts
3. end product: 2 identical cells.
3. end product: 4 cells, each with half the
original number of chromosomes. The four
cells are not identical.
4. diploid number of chromosomes (2N).
4. haploid number of chromosomes (N)
5. chromosomes make copies of themselves
before cell divides.
5. chromosomes make copies of themselves
before cell divides.
6. chromatids attach to their identical (copied) 6. same as in mitosis, plus: chromosomes also
partner
line up with their homologous partner.
The key to understanding these difference lies in the arrangment of chromosomes during
metephase of mitosis and metaphase I of meiosis. Check out the diagrams:
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mitosis
meiosis
comparison of mitosis and meiosis
animation of meiosis (using dragons as model organisms!)
DNA replication (video)
mitosis rap (video)
Vocab List
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chromosome
gene
DNA
haploid
diploid
centromere
telomere
spindle (fiber)
centrosome/centriole
chromatid
totipotent
pluripotent
stem cell
tetrad
homologous
nondisjunction