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RECONSTRUCTION
UNIT
CHAPTER 14
CIVIL WAR MAP
Develop your own key to
Label the following areas
Northern States (Union)
Northern Border States (Union)
Southern Border States (Confederacy)
Southern States (Confederacy)
In addition label the following:
1) Fort Sumter
6)
2) Richmond, VA
7)
3) Washington, D. C.
8)
4) Mississippi River
9)
5) Vicksburg, Mississippi 10)
New Orleans
Gettysburg
Bull Run
Appomattox
Attietam
Label each of the states and the year
they entered the Union.
Draw in the state of Kansas.
Draw in the country of Cuba.
Northern Views and Visions
The Southern Perspective
The North saw itself, as Julia Lovejoy suggested as a
prosperous land of bustling commerce and expanding,
independent agriculture, Northern farmers and workers were
self-made free men who believed in individualism and
democracy. The “free labor system” of the North, as both
Seward and Lincoln often said, offered equality of opportunity
and upward mobility. Both generated more wealth. Although
the North contained many growing cities, northerners revered
the values of the small towns that spread from New England
across the Upper Midwest. These values included a respect
for the rights of the people, tempered by the rule of law;
individual enterprise, balanced by a concern for one’s
neighbors; and a fierce morality rooted in Calvinists
Protestantism. Northerners would regulate morality—by
persuasion if possible but by legislation if necessary—to
remove the sins of irreligion, illiteracy, and intemperance from
American society. It was no accident that the ideas of
universal public education and laws against the sale and
consumption of alcohol both began in New England.
Northerners valued the kind of republican government
that guaranteed the rights of free men, enabling them to
achieve economic progress.
Specifically, this meant
supporting government action to promote free labor, industrial
growth, some degree of immigration, foreign trade (protected
by tariffs), and at the development of railroads and free farm
homesteads westward across the continent. Energetic mobility
both westward and upward would dissolve state, regional, and
class loyalties and increase the sense of nationhood. A strong
Union could achieve national and even international greatness.
These were the conditions, benefiting a chosen people that
would, as Seward put it, spread American institutions around
the world and “renovate the condition of mankind”. These
were also the ideological principles of the Republican Party.
Only free men could achieve economic progress and
moral society. Therefore, the worst sin in the northerner’s
view was the loss of one’s freedom. Slavery was the root of
all evil. It was, Seward said, “incompatible with all …the
elements of the security, welfare, and greatness of nations.”
The South, then, represented the antithesis of everything that
northerners saw as good. Southerners were unfree, backward,
economically stagnant, uneducated, lawless, immoral, and out
of harmony with the values and ideals of the nineteenth
century.
Julia Lovejoy’s denunciation of slaveholding
Missourians was mild. Her fellow migrants to Kansas
described southerners as subhuman, unclean, and uncivilized.
They were, as one put it, “drunken ourang-outans,” “wild
beasts” who drank whiskey, ate dirt, uttered oaths, raped slave
women, and fought or dueled at the slightest excuse. In the
popular language of the day, they were known as “Pukes.”
Epithets aside, southerners were a diverse people who,
like northerners, shared certain broad values, generally those
of the planter class. If in the North the values of economic
enterprise were most important, southerners revered social
values most. Like the English gentry they sought to emulate,
they saw themselves as courteous, refined, hospitable, and
chivalrous. By contrast, they saw northerners as coarse, illmannered, aggressive, materialistic “Yankees.” In a society
where one person in three was a black slave, racial distinctions
and paternalistic relationships were crucial in maintaining
order and white supremacy. Fear of slave revolt was ever
present. The South had five times more military schools than
the North. Northerners educated the many for economic
utility, but southerners educated the few for grace and
character. In short, the South saw itself as a genteel, ordered
society guided by the aristocratic code of the gentleman
planter.
Southerners agreed with northerners that sovereignty in a
republic rested in the people, who created a government of
laws to protect life, liberty, and property. But unlike people in
the North, southerners believed that the democratic principle
of self-government of laws to protect life, liberty, and
property. But unlike people in the North, southerners believed
that the democratic principle of self-government was best
preserved in local political units such as the state. Southerners
were ready to fight to defend their sacred rights against any
tyrannical encroachment on their liberty, as they had in 1776.
They saw themselves, in fact, as true revolutionary patriots.
Like northerners, southerners cherished the Union. But they
preferred the loose confederacy of the Jeffersonian past to the
centralized nationalism Seward kept invoking.
To southerners Yankees were in too much of a
hurry—to make money, to reform the behavior of others,
to put dreamy theories (like racial equality) into practice.
Two images dominated the South’s view of northerners,
either they were stingy, hypocritical, moralizing
Puritans, or they were grubby, slum-dwelling, Catholic
immigrants. A Georgia paper combined both images in
an 1856 editorial: “Free society! We sicken at the name.
What is it but a conglomeration of greasy mechanics,
filthy operatives, small-fisted farmers, and moon-struck
theorists?” These northerners, the paper said, “are
devoid of society fitted fro well-bred gentlemen.”
Each side, then, saw the other threatening its
freedom and infringing on its view of a proper
republican society. Each saw the other imposing
barriers to its vision for America’s future, which
included the economic systems described in Chapters 11
and 12. As hostilities increased, the views each section
had of the other grew steadily more rigid and
conspiratorial. Northerners saw the South as a “slave
power,” determined to foist the slave system on free
labor throughout the land. Southerners saw the North as
full of “black Republicanism,” determined to destroy the
southern way of life.
369 A.P. US HISTORY
CIVIL WAR
NAME_____________________
PERIOD____________________
MAJOR THEMES AND TIMELINE
CONTINUAL SECTIONAL PROBLEMS: NORTH, SOUTH AND WEST
CONTINUATION OF THE GROWTH OF AN INDUSTRIALIZED SOCIETY IN THE
NORTH AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE SOUTH
CIVIL WAR—TECHNOLOGICALLY VIEWED AD THE FIRST MODERN WAR
FOCUS ON CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR
RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD—HOW TO GO ABOUT MENDING THE WOUNDS
BETWEEN THE VICTOR AND THE DEFEATED—COMPASSION VS. REVENGE
SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF THE RECONSTRUCTED SOUTH
TIMELINE
1817
James Monroe—President during “the Era of Good Feelings”
1819
Tallmadge Amendment
1820
Missouri Compromise
1829
Andrew Jackson (Democrat) elected President
1828-32
Tariff Issue: Secession/Nullification Crisis
1836
Gag Rule
1837
Martin Van Buren (Democrat) inaugurated President
1840
William Henry Harrison (Whig) elected President and dies one month later
1845
James K. Polk (Democrat) inaugurated President
1846
Wilmot Proviso
1848
Emergence of the Free Soil Party
1849
Zachary Taylor (Whig) elected President
1850
Millard Fillmore (Whig) assumes the Presidency
Compromise of 1850
Underground Railroad becomes a very effective route for slaves
1852
Uncle Tom’s Cabin published
1853
Franklin Pierce (Democrat) elected President
1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1855
Bleeding Kansas
1856
Sumner’s Crime Against Kansas Speech
1857
Election of James Buchanon (Democrat) to the Presidency
1858
Lincoln-Douglas Senatorial Debates
1859
John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry, Va.
1860
Election of Abraham Lincoln (Republican) to the Presidency
1861
Lincoln Inaugurated President
Crittendom Compromise
1860-61
Secession of the Southern States
1861-65
Civil War
1865
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln/Succeeded by Andrew Johnson who in
1868 is acquitted of Impeachment charges
1868
U.S. Grant (Republican) elected President
1866-77
Reconstruction Era
1876
Controversial Election of Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican)
1877
Southern Reconstruction Ends
Ch 14-1
369 AP US HISTORY
AMERICA: PAST AND PRESENT
NAME _________________
PERIOD _______________
CHAPTER 14: THE SECTIONAL CRISIS
I.
THE COMPROMISE OF 1850, p. 390-395
Northerners were inclined to view_____________________as a
backward and unwholesome institution, much inferior to their own
__________________labor system and were persuaded that
______________________were power-hungry aristocrats seeking
more than their share of ________________________influence.
However, Northerners were likely to be____________________against
blacks and___________________to accept large numbers of them as
________________ citizens—they saw no ______________ or
desirable way to bring about _________________.
Cite the
controversy which arose on admitting future states to the union:
Note that any of the *items appearing below that are italicized will be
done in class. Leave room to fill in this information:
*Tallmadge Amendment (1819)
*Missouri compromise (1820)—you already should have this
*Tariff of Abomination (1828-32)
*Gag Rule (1836)
Panic of 1837
*Wilmot Proviso (1846), p. 393
*Popular (Squatter) Sovereignty (1848)—define the term only, pgs.
393-94
*Election 0f 1848: candidates/parties/platforms, p. 391-92
*Free Soilers (1848), pg. 394
*Compromise of 1850, pgs. 395-96
Fugitive Slave Law (define this separately, noting that it was a part of
the Compromise of 1850, p. 396-97
Ch. 14-2
II.
Political Upheaval, 1852-56 (p. 395)
1.
a. What brought about the demise of the Whig party and the birth
of the Republican/Free Soil Party?
*Election of 1852, pgs. 395-96
*Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852, pgs. 402-03: Your book covers this
out of chronological sequence.
*Underground Railroad (pre-1850—Civil War)
*Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), pgs. 396-398
*Ostend Manifesto (1854), p. 398
2.
Define “nativism“(use the dictionary if needed)
*Know-Nothing Party (1854), pgs. 398-400
*Republican Party (1854), pgs. 400-01
*Bleeding Kansas (1856)/John Brown, pgs. 401; 406-07
*Summer-Brooks Incident (1856), pgs. 389
*Election of 1856, pgs. 401-02
*Panic of 1857
3.
Discuss the effects of social and cultural sectionalism in preparing
the path for southern secession with specific references to religion
and literature, pgs. 402-03.
Ch. 14-3
*Dred Scott Case (1857), pgs. 403-04
*Lecompton Controversy (1858), pgs. 404-05
*Lincoln-Douglas Senatorial Debates/Freeport Doctrine (1858),
pgs. 405-08
*Harpers Ferry, VA (1859), pgs 408-09
Impending Crisis of the South by Hinton Rowe Helper (1859), p.
409-410
*Election of 1860, pgs. 410-11
*Crittendom compromise (1860-61) p. 423
4.
Contrast the various historical interpretations that have been
advanced to explain the reasons for southern secession, (pgs. 41113)
CHAPTER 14 ID’S
1819
Tallmadge Amendment
Pgs. 270
The Tallmadge Amendment was a bill introduced to the House by New York
Representative James Tallmadge. It was an amendment to the Missouri statehood
bill. The Tallmadge Amendment provided for the banning of further introduction
of slavery into Missouri while gradually emancipating the slaves already there.
The amendment narrowly passed the House, but was voted down by the Senate.
1820
Missouri Compromise
Pgs. 270
In 1870, Missouri applied for Statehood. There were two or three thousand
slaves in the territory, and it appeared that Missouri would enter the union as a
slave state. Missouri was the first state west of the Mississippi after Louisiana to
apply for statehood. Whatever happened in Missouri would set a precedent for the
rest of the territory west of the Mississippi. There was a great debate over whether
to accept Missouri as a slave or free state. One of the attempts at compromise was
the Tallmadge Amendment, but that didn’t pass. The compromise that was
eventually reached was written basically by Henry Clay. It made Missouri a slave
state while Maine was brought in as a free state. Also, any other state accepted
into the union north of Missouri’s southern border was to be a free state. The line
was at 3630.
-21828-1832
Tariff of Abominations
Pg. 292-93
The Congress in 1826 was faced with the problem of setting up a tariff. The
industrializing Northeast wanted a tariff to protect their fledgling industries. Wool
and hemp growers also wanted a tariff. The cotton-growing South didn’t want a
tariff because they did a lot of trading with Europe, trading cotton to the textile
mills of Britain for manufactured goods. The tariff that eventually passed
Congress was intended to appease everybody by basically taxing everything. It
didn’t work. Southerners were outraged and called it the “tariff of abominations”.
1836
Gag Rule
In class
The Gag Rule was a bill passed in Congress that had two parts. The first part
said that House of Representatives wouldn’t hear any petitions against slavery.
The second part was that the Senate wouldn’t hear any slavery bills at all.
-31837
Panic of 1837
Pgs. 297
The Panic of 1837 was started in part of Jackson’s specie circular. The
specie circular required that all land purchases be paid off with specie. The Panic
of 1837 was a great depression. Cotton prices fell almost 50%. Banks all over the
nation stopped specie payment. Business went bankrupt. The unemployed
demonstrated all over. Now, the Panic of 1837 is thought to be part of a worldwide
depression. The whole thing was blamed on Van Buren who couldn’t do anything
because he was committed to laissez faire. Van Buren tried to create an
independent sub treasury, but he was stopped by Congress.
1846
Wilmot Proviso
Pg. 393
After winning the Mexican-American War, there was a large debate as to
how the new territories were to be admitted to the Union. Texas would be
admitted as a slave state, but Oregon would be admitted as a free state to
counteract that. California and New Mexico posed problems.
If they were
admitted as free or slave states, there were no other territories ready to be admitted
that would be the opposite. David Wilmot, a Congressman from Pennsylvania,
started the Free Soil Movement. The movement called for all of the Mexican
cession to be free. The Wilmot Proviso was an amendment to the military
appropriations bill of 1846. The Proviso called for the ban of slavery in any
territory that might be acquired from Mexico. The Proviso didn’t pass because the
Senate voted it down.
-41848
Popular (Squatter) Sovereignty
Pgs. 391-92
One approach to determining slavery in new states was Popular Sovereignty.
It was an idea developed by Michigan Senator Lewis Cass. The idea was that the
settlers of the state would decide whether it would be slave or free. The decision
would be made at the first meeting of a territorial legislature when the territory
applied for statehood.
1838
Election of 1848
Pg. 391-92
In the election of 1848 Lewis Cass ran for the Democrats against Zachary
Taylor of the Whigs and Martin Van Buren of the Free Spoilers. Cass ran on a
platform of popular sovereignty. Taylor ran without a platform so the Democrats
could avoid the issue of popular sovereignty. Van Buren ran on a platform of free
soil. Taylor won.
-51848
Free Soilers
Pg. 391-92
The Free Soiler Party was started for the Election of 1848. The Free Soilers
thought that all the territory that was carved up from the Mexican cession should
have been slave free. The party was composed of antislavery Whigs, disgruntled
Democrats, and former members of the abolitionist Liberty party.
-61850
Compromise of 1850//Fugitive Slave Law
Pgs. 393-94
Once Taylor became president, he decided to end the controversy over the
Mexican cession once and for all. He tried to get California and New Mexico into
the union as states, by passing the territorial stage. This idea was okay for
California because people were flooding into the state looking for gold. Mexico,
on the other hand was still sparsely populated by Americans. California applied
for statehood as a free state. This made Southerners scared that all of the Mexican
cession would become free states. John Calhoun once again started talking about
secession. After Congress realized that Taylor wouldn’t back down, they went
about forming a compromise. Henry Clay was a leader of the compromise
movement. He offered a series of resolutions to hopefully make everybody happy.
He said that California should be admitted as a free state, but the rest of the
Mexican cession should be admitted without any specific prohibition of slavery.
He pointed out that the climate was not good for growing cotton so slavery would
most likely not develop there anyways. He also tried to settle a boundary dispute
between Texas and New Mexico by granting the area to New Mexico and having
the federal government assume Texas’ debt. He also recommended prohibiting
the buying and selling of slaves in Washington D.C. Finally, he called for a more
effective fugitive slave law. The compromise plan had trouble getting through
Congress. The final copy that got through was changed only in that Utah and New
Mexico were given popular sovereignty.
The new fugitive slave law said that suspected slaves were denied a jury trial,
the right to testify in their own behalf, and other constitutional rights. This meant
that kidnapping free blacks and selling them into slavery became much easier.
-71852
Election of 1852
Pgs. 395-96
In the election of 1852, General Winfield Scott ran for the Whigs, against
Democrat Franklin Pierce. The election really wasn’t based on any issues because
both parties avoided slavery. The Whigs had a problem because they couldn’t
decide what to run on. The flood of immigration was bad for them because most
of the immigrants voted Democratic. Scott tried to win immigrant support, but
failed. He allied himself with the abolitionist Whigs from the North so he lost
southern support. Pierce won in a landslide victory because people thought he
would help uphold the compromise of 1850.
1852
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Pgs. 402-03
Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852. The book was the
pinnacle of literary abolitionism. It did a lot to form the North’s picture of
Southern slave-holding society. Northerners saw every slaveholder as an evil
Simon Legree. Beecher Stowe portrayed slavery as a threat to the family. As a
response to Uncle Tom’s Cabin and other such attacks, Southerners formed an
economic and cultural nationalism. They really started to separate from the North.
They tried to develop their own industry and education.
-8Pre 1850-1861
Underground Railroad
Pgs. 314; 407
The Underground Railroad was a pseudo-organization formed and run by
free blacks from the North. They would make forays into the South and help
slaves escape to freedom. They would also help runaways by giving them food,
shelter, and a way to get North. Two of the most famous runners on the
underground railroad were Harriet Tubman and Josiah Henson.
1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Pgs. 396-98
In 1854, Stephen Douglas introduced a bill to organize the territory west of
Missouri and Iowa. Douglas was a proponent of expansionism and wanted the bill
passed as quickly as possible. He thought that a railroad was going to be built
starting in Chicago and ending on the West coast. The railroad would have to go
through the territory he was trying to organize, and he didn’t want a conflict over
slavery to impede the railroad’s construction. He wanted to organize a territorial
government in Kansas and Nebraska based on popular sovereignty. The
southerners would only agree to the bill if it repealed the Missouri Compromise.
Douglas added the amendment, and the bill passed.
-91854
Ostend Manifesto
Pg. 398
During the conflict over the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Pierce decided to obtain
Cuba from Spain. The American ministers to England, France, and Spain met in
Ostend, Belgium. They drew up a recommendation to Pierce that the U.S. try to
obtain Cuba at any cost. Pierce dropped the plan.
1854
Know-Nothing Party/American Way
Pgs. 398-400
After the Whig party fell apart in 1854, ex-Whigs tried to put together
another party. Originally, the party was going to be based on abolitionism, but
that party didn’t surface right away. The party that first replaced the Whigs was
the Know-Nothing Party. The Know-Nothing Party developed from an antiimmigrant organization called the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner founded in
1849. When members were asked about the organization, they replied, “I know
nothing.” The objective of the Know-Nothing Party was to increase the
naturalization period, so fewer immigrants could vote. The party took over much
of the Northeast, but it died out in 1856.
-101854
Republican Party
Pgs. 400-01
The Republican Party took over after the Know-Nothing Party disappeared.
The Republican Party was based on the idea of free soil. The Republicans said
that the slaveholder conspiracy was more dangerous than the Popish plot. The
party was led by experienced politicians, and had a following of most of the antiNebraska congressmen. The Republican Party used the conflict over the KansasNebraska Act to increase its power. They used the conflict in Kansas over
whether it would be a slave state or a free state to portray slaveholders as evil and
aggressive.
1856
John Brown/Bleeding Kansas
Pgs. 401, 406-07
When Kansas was being organized, the territorial legislature was set up by
pro-slavery Missourians. They crossed over the border to vote illegally for the
legislature. Abolitionists took up arms and set up another legislature. Pierce
ignored the free soil government. A civil war broke out in Kansas ending a proslavery attack on Lawrence, the seat of the anti-slavery government. John Brown,
I response to the “sack of Lawrence”, killed five slavery advocates in cold blood.
During the next few months, there was guerilla war in Kansas.
-111856
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Pgs. 389
During the conflict over the Kansas-Nebraska Act, violence extended even to
the floor of Congress. On May 22, 1856, Representative Preston Brooks from
South Carolina approached Senator Charles Sumner from Massachusetts. Sumner
had just given a speech condemning slavery advocates for trying to extend slavery
to Kansas. Brooks took his cane and beat Sumner over the head repeatedly.
Sumner was so hurt that he couldn’t return to work for three years.
1856
Election of 1856
Pgs. 401-02
The election of 1856 pitted Republican John C. Frémont against Democrat
James Buchanan and Know-Nothing Millard Fillmore. Frémont ran on a platform
of abolishing slavery from Kansas and having Congress abolish slavery in all
territories. Buchanan ran on a platform of popular sovereignty in the territories.
The race was divided into two. In the North, Frémont basically ran against
Buchanan. In the South, Fillmore basically ran against Buchanan. Buchanan won,
but Fremont did very well for a candidate from a one year old party.
-121857
Panic of 1857
1857
Dred Harriet Scott Case
In class
Pgs. 403-04
Dred Scott was a slave whose master had moved to the Wisconsin Territory
from Missouri. The matter then died, and Scott sued for his freedom on the
grounds that he was living in a territory where slavery was illegal. Roger B.
Taney ruled against Scott. He said that Scott could not sue because he was not a
citizen. Taney went on to say that no Afro-American could become a citizen
whether they were a slave or a freeman. The fact that he lived in the Wisconsin
territory did not make him a free man because the federal government had no right
to make slavery illegal in a territory. In effect, Taney ruled the Missouri
Compromise unconstitutional.
-131858
Lecompton Controversy
Pgs. 404-05
While the Dred Scott case was being decided, slavery advocates in Kansas
decided to draft a constitution and submit an application for statehood to make
Kansas a slave state. Slavery opponents were the great majority in Kansas, so the
writers of the constitution rigged the election. When abolitionists found out, they
boycotted the election. The proslavery factions got complete control and drew up
a constitution at Lecompton. The constitution was sure to be voted down in a
public referendum so the proslavery forces submitted just the slavery provision to
a public vote. Once again, abolitionists boycotted the election. The constitution
was ratified, making slavery legal, but abolitionists gained a majority in the
territorial legislature. They held a second referendum on the constitution which
proslavery forces boycotted, so the Lecompton constitution was rejected.
Buchanan tried to push the constitution through Congress against the protests of
Stephen Douglas. The Senate passed it, but the House voted it down. Finally, the
constitution was resubmitted to the people of Kansas who killed it once and for all.
-141858
Lincoln-Douglas Senatorial Debates/Freeport Doctrine
Pgs. 405-08
In 1858, Stephen Douglas ran for Senate Abraham Lincoln. They had a
series of debates during which they brought out many points for and against
slavery respectively, Lincoln said that slavery was morally wrong, and the only
way to save the country was to kill slavery. He also said the first step was to
contain it in the South and keep it out of the West. Douglas, in Freeport, Illinois,
said that slavery could not exist without supportive legislation. If a territory didn’t
want to be a slave state, it could vote to be a free state. Douglas said that Lincoln
was for racial equality which Lincoln strenuously denied. Douglas won the
election to the Senate.
1859
Harpers Ferry, Virginia
Pgs. 408-09
John Brown saw himself as a prophet whom God told to purge the land with
blood and eradicate the sin of slavery. In Kansas he showed that he wasn’t
opposed to using violence to get rid of slavery. In October, 1859, he led a group
of 18 men to Harpers Ferry and seized the federal arsenal and armory there. He
wanted to arm the local slaves and get them to rise up in rebellion. His plan failed
because the slaves didn’t support him, and he was driven out, convicted of treason,
and hanged.
-151859
Impending Crisis of the South by Hinton Rowe Helper Pg. 409-10
After the raid on Harpers Ferry, Hinton Rowe Helper wrote a book that did
even more to scare the South. His Impending Crisis of the South encouraged
whites in the South that didn’t own slaves to rise up and topple the slaveholding
elite.
1860
Election of 1860
Pgs. 410-11
During the election of 1860, Republican Abraham Lincoln ran against
Southern Democrat James Breckinridge, Northern Democrat Stephen Douglas,
and Constitutional Unionist John Bell. Lincoln ran on a platform that toned down
the anti-slavery, but brought economic matters to the forefront. He called for a
higher protective tariff, free homesteads, and federal aid for internal
improvements. The Democrats split when they met in convention. The Northern
Democrats went for Douglas while the Southern Democrats went for
Breckenridge. The Constitutional Union Party was made up of Know-Nothings
and ex-Whigs. Lincoln took the whole North and won the election.
-161860-1861
Crittenden Compromise
Pg. 423
After Lincoln became president, the Deep South immediately started calling
for secession. The North frantically tried to come up with a compromise that
would end talk of secession. Kentucky Senator John Crittenden proposed
extending the Missouri Compromise line all the way to the Pacific to protect
slavery in the West. He also said that the federal government should compensate
the owners of escaped slaves and proposed a constitutional amendment prohibiting
the federal government from abolishing or regulating slavery in the states. The
Republicans killed the compromise in committee.
NAME____________________
PERIOD___________________
CHAPTER 14
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Circle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question
1.
During the 1840’s, a majority of northerners:
a.
converted to the cause of gradual abolition of slavery.
b.
rejected the law of the land in favor of an immediate “higher law” prohibiting
human bondage.
c.
felt that Whites and Blacks should be equal under the law.
d.
viewed slavery as a useful, desirable labor system.
e.
disliked slavery, but were reluctant to accept large numbers of Blacks as equal and
free citizens.
2.
Northern Democrats were upset at the seeming policy of the Polk administration to:
a.
increase tariffs.
b.
provide federal funds for the improvement of rivers and harbors.
c.
seek control of “all of Oregon.”
d.
favor southern interests.
e.
be influenced by wealthy merchants.
3.
Passage of the Wilmot Proviso of 1846 would have:
a.
prohibited slavery in any territory acquired from the Mexican War.
b.
allowed the extension of slavery into any territory acquired from the Mexican War.
c.
extended the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific.
d.
established “popular sovereignty” as the means for any future expansion of slavery.
e.
outlawed slavery in all the United States.
4.
The principle of “popular sovereignty”.
a.
would leave the determination of the status of slavery in a territory to the settlers.
b.
was interpreted differently in the North and South.
c.
led to disruption and violence in the settlement of Kansas.
d.
none of the above.
e.
all of the above.
5.
Which of the following statements concerning the election of 1848 is true?
a.
Whig candidate Zachary Taylor proposed equal rights for slaveholders in federal
territories.
b.
The Democrats nominated Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan, the major proponent of
popular sovereignty.
c.
Martin Van Buren rejected the nomination of the Free-Soil partly because of his
support for the extension of slavery.
d.
all of the above.
e.
none of the above.
6.
The Compromise of 1860 was
a.
strongly supported by President Taylor.
b.
passed as a series of measures that could be voted on separately.
c.
passed by Congress as omnibus bill.
d.
opposed by important congressional leaders such as Clay and Douglas.
e.
opposed by most in the South.
7.
Which of the following provisions was not included in the Compromise of 1850?
a.
admission of California to the Union as a free state.
b.
organization of the New Mexico and Utah territories on the principle of “popular
sovereignty”.
c.
reopening of the international slave trade.
d.
compensation to Texas for giving up certain land claims.
e.
none of the above.
8.
Whig candidate Winfield Scott alienated the South in 1852, partly by his
a.
demand for immigration restrictions.
b.
large donations from wealthy merchants in the North.
c.
support for laissez-faire economic policies.
d.
support of the Compromise of 1850.
e.
alliance with northern anti-slavery leaders.
9.
A significant result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was
a.
the formation of the Republican Party.
b.
a new spirit of compromise.
c.
increased prestige for the Democratic party.
d.
reaffirmation of the Missouri Compromise.
e.
the creation of two new states.
10.
The Know-Nothing party of the 1850’s collapsed almost as rapidly as it had arisen
because it:
a.
failed to develop as an intersectional movement.
b.
sought to promote and protect the rights of immigrants.
c.
remained insensitive to the needs of the working class.
d.
neglected to provide answers to the country’s major problems.
e.
a resurgence of the two major political parties.
11.
As president, James Buchanan:
a.
accepted the advise of the “Ostend Manifesto” to pursue the acquisition of Cuba at
all costs.
b.
negotiated the Gadsden Purchase of southern Arizona from Mexico.
c.
denounced the Lecompton Constitution as an obvious perversion of the principle of
popular sovereignty.
d.
urged the Supreme Court to settle once and for all the constitutional issues related
to the extension of slavery in the territories.
e.
was the leading force behind the creation of a third political party.
12.
The rapid rise of the Republican Party in the North can be partly attributed to the party’s:
a.
active support of issues at the local level geared to attract immigrant and Catholic
votes.
b.
moral stance in demanding complete abolition of the institution of slavery.
c.
adept organizing and campaigning skills at the grass-roots level.
d.
consistently laissez-faire economic platform.
e.
pandering to the working class of the North.
13.
The Dred Scott decision of the Supreme Court:
a.
granted citizenship to African Americans.
b.
declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
c.
allowed congressional control of slavery in the territories.
d.
won widespread approval in the North.
e.
outlawed slavery in the United States.
14.
The Lecompton Constitution of Kansas was:
a.
approved by the territory’s residents in a fair referendum.
b.
vigorously defended by Senator Stephen Douglas.
c.
designed to protect slavery in the soon-to-be-admitted state.
d.
favored by a majority of the members of Congress.
e.
seen as a fair compromise by those in the North..
15.
During 1859-60, southern extremists supported the:
a.
release of John Brown after his raid on Harpers Ferry.
b.
election of John Sherman as Speaker of the House.
c.
election of Abraham Lincoln as president.
d.
reopening of the Atlantic slave trade.
e.
creation of new states in the South.