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Name: ______________________________________________________ Date: __________________________ Period: __________ The New Frontier: Chapter 23, Section 1 Key Terms and Names: missile gap: the United States’s lag behind the Soviet Union in weaponry New Frontier: President Kennedy’s domestic programs Earl Warren: Chief Justice of the United States, starting in the Eisenhower administration reapportionment: the way in which states draw up political districts based on changes in population due process: the idea that the law may not treat individuals unfairly or unreasonably and that courts must follow proper procedures when trying cases Court Cases Court Ruling Reynolds v. Sims 1. Required state legislatures to reapportion electoral districts so that all citizens’ votes would have equal weight Mapp v. Ohio 2. state courts could not consider evidence that was obtained illegally Gideon v. Wainwright 3. a defendant in a state court had the right to a lawyer, regardless of ability to pay Escobedo v. Illinois 4. a suspect had to have access to a lawyer and to be informed of the right to remain silent The Election of 1960: 5. How did television affect the 1960 election? For the first time, television became a voting tool for a majority of voters. The Kennedy Mystique: 6. How did Americans react to President Kennedy? He was very popular with the American public and was constantly covered by the media. Success and Setback on the Domestic Front: 7. Why did many members of Congress oppose the programs of the New Frontier? They believed the programs were too costly and made the federal government too powerful. Warren Court Reforms: 8. What effect did the Warren Court have on the United States? It helped shape national policy by taking a stand on several issues (the Supreme Court became an “activist” court). JFK and the Cold War: Chapter 23, Section 2 Key Terms and Names: flexible response: the policy of allowing conventional troops and weapons to be used against Communist movements Peace Corps: an organization that sent young Americans to perform humanitarian services in less developed nations space race: vying for dominance of space to increase competitive positions on Earth BerlinWall: a wall built by the Soviet Union through Berlin to keep Germans from leaving E Germany into W Berlin Warren Commission: a commission headed by Chief Justice Warren that concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin of President Kennedy 1 Crises of the Cold War 1. failed invasion of Cuba by the U.S. (Bay of Pigs Invasion) 2. the building of the Berlin Wall by the Soviet Union 3. the Cuban Missile Crisis Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges: 4. What was the purpose of the Alliance for Progress? To improve relations with Latin America and to prevent Communist movements from taking over the governments Crises of the Cold War: 5. What were the results of the Cuban missile crisis? Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union faced the consequences of a nuclear war; both countries worked to lessen tensions; the two countries agreed to stop testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere. The Death of a President: 6. What did the Warren Commission conclude? It concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of President Kennedy. The Great Society: Chapter 23, Section 2 Key Terms and Names: consensus: general agreement war on poverty: a program announced by President Johnson to fight poverty in the U.S. VISTA: a Great Society program in which young people were put to work in poor school districts Great Society: a government health insurance program for the elderly Medicare: a government health insurance program for the elderly Medicaid: a government health care program that financed health care for people on welfare Head Start: an education program directed at disadvantaged preschool children Robert Weaver: the head of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the first African American to hold a cabinet position Program What it Does Medicare 1. funded health care for the elderly Medicaid 2. funded health care for the people on welfare Project Head Start 3. education program aimed at disadvantaged preschool children VISTA 4. put young people to work in poor school districts Johnson Takes the Reigns: 5. What was the war on poverty? It was a program proposed by President Johnson to stamp out poverty in the U.S. The Great Society: 6. How did the Immigration Reform Act of 1965 change the makeup of the American population? Unlike previous laws that gave preference to immigrants from northern Europe, this law allowed newcomers from all parts of Europe and from Asia and Africa. Legacy of the Great Society: 7. What Great Society programs continue today? Medicare, Medicaid, Project Head Start, the Department of Transportation, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2 3