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GATTACA: Brief facts about… Please cite this fact sheet as “GATTACA: Brief facts about…” Visit Wikipedia for more information! Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue. People with Marfan's are typically tall, with long limbs and long thin fingers. The most serious complications are the defects of the heart valves and aorta [which break down over time because their connective tissue isn’t very elastic]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marfan_syndrome Bipolar disorder is a term from psychiatry. It is also called manic-depression because people who have this disease are sometimes manic [in a high energy state, with extreme emotions like panic attacks or extreme happiness] and at other times have depression. It is a kind of mental illness. http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder Epilepsy is a chronic condition of the brain. It is characterised by seizures that do not seem to have an obvious cause. [Seizures can cause involuntary changes in body movement or function, sensation, awareness, or behavior. Seizures are often associated with a sudden and involuntary contraction of a group of muscles and loss of consciousness.] http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsy Dyslexia is a very common problem and has an effect on the way our brain understands words. The most common signs of dyslexia are reading and writing problems. A person can have dyslexia even if he or she is very smart or educated. The newest research shows that three genes are the reason for dyslexia. http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia Addison’s disease is a rare disorder wherein the adrenal glands produce insufficient steroid hormone proteins. The most common symptoms are fatigue, dizziness, muscle weakness, weight loss, difficulty in standing up, anxiety, diarrhea, headache, sweating, changes in mood and personality, sudden drops in blood pressure especially when going from a seated position to standing, and joint and muscle pains. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison%27s_disease Alzheimer's disease is a disease that slowly destroys a person's memory until he or she dies due to forgetting how to perform basic function, such as swallowing or breathing. Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging. There is no known cause for Alzheimer's disease[, but it does seem to run in some families, indicating a genetic cause.] http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease Glaucoma is a disease in which the optic nerve [in the eye] is damaged, leading to progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye. Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to blindness. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, sometimes called Lou Gehrig’s disease or motor neurone disease) is a chronic, progressive, almost always fatal neurological disease. ALS is marked by slow but steady death of the nerve cells in the central nervous system that control voluntary muscle movement. That is, people with ALS can no longer move, but their heart still beats. The disorder causes muscle weakness and muscle shrinking (atrophy) throughout the body. In ALS, both the upper motor neurons and the lower motor neurons die, making them stop sending messages to the muscles. Unable to function, the muscles gradually weaken and waste away (atrophy). Eventually, the ability of the brain to start and control voluntary movement is lost. However, even patients in later stages of the disease may still have the same intelligence, memory, and personality they had before it started. http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis Asthma bronchiale (or simply Asthma) is a common disease that makes it hard for people to breathe. Attacks happen when the tubes that go to the lungs get irritated. They then become tight and inflamed. This makes the tubes thinner than it should be, which makes it harder to get air into the lungs. This is called an "asthma attack." When a person is having an asthma attack usually they will wheeze, breathe more frequently, and sometimes cough. Some asthma attacks can be dangerous[, even] life-threatening. http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma