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Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue. People with
Marfan's are typically tall, with long limbs and long thin fingers. The most serious
complications are the defects of the heart valves and aorta [which break down over
time because their connective tissue isn’t very elastic].
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marfan_syndrome
Bipolar disorder is a term from psychiatry. It is also called manic-depression
because people who have this disease are sometimes manic [in a high energy state,
with extreme emotions like panic attacks or extreme happiness] and at other times
have depression. It is a kind of mental illness.
 http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder
Epilepsy is a chronic condition of the brain. It is characterised by seizures that do
not seem to have an obvious cause. [Seizures can cause involuntary changes in body
movement or function, sensation, awareness, or behavior. Seizures are often
associated with a sudden and involuntary contraction of a group of muscles and loss
of consciousness.]
 http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsy
Dyslexia is a very common problem and has an effect on the way our brain
understands words. The most common signs of dyslexia are reading and writing
problems. A person can have dyslexia even if he or she is very smart or educated.
The newest research shows that three genes are the reason for dyslexia.
 http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia
Addison’s disease is a rare disorder wherein the adrenal glands produce
insufficient steroid hormone proteins. The most common symptoms are fatigue,
dizziness, muscle weakness, weight loss, difficulty in standing up, anxiety, diarrhea,
headache, sweating, changes in mood and personality, sudden drops in blood
pressure especially when going from a seated position to standing, and joint and
muscle pains.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison%27s_disease
Alzheimer's disease is a disease that slowly destroys a person's memory until he
or she dies due to forgetting how to perform basic function, such as swallowing or
breathing. Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging. There is no known cause for
Alzheimer's disease[, but it does seem to run in some families, indicating a genetic
cause.]
 http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease
Glaucoma is a disease in which the optic nerve [in the eye] is damaged, leading to
progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, but not always, associated with
increased pressure of the fluid in the eye. Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent
damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to
blindness.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, sometimes called Lou Gehrig’s disease or
motor neurone disease) is a chronic, progressive, almost always fatal neurological
disease. ALS is marked by slow but steady death of the nerve cells in the central
nervous system that control voluntary muscle movement. That is, people with ALS
can no longer move, but their heart still beats. The disorder causes muscle weakness
and muscle shrinking (atrophy) throughout the body. In ALS, both the upper motor
neurons and the lower motor neurons die, making them stop sending messages to
the muscles. Unable to function, the muscles gradually weaken and waste away
(atrophy). Eventually, the ability of the brain to start and control voluntary
movement is lost. However, even patients in later stages of the disease may still
have the same intelligence, memory, and personality they had before it started.
 http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis
Asthma bronchiale (or simply Asthma) is a common disease that makes it hard for
people to breathe. Attacks happen when the tubes that go to the lungs get irritated.
They then become tight and inflamed. This makes the tubes thinner than it should
be, which makes it harder to get air into the lungs. This is called an "asthma attack."
When a person is having an asthma attack usually they will wheeze, breathe more
frequently, and sometimes cough. Some asthma attacks can be dangerous[, even]
life-threatening.
 http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma