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Unit 3 Test Bank – George Washington & Early
American History
George Washington’s Administration - Unwritten Constitution:
1.) Which feature of the unwritten constitution is part of the system of checks and
balances?
(1) the cabinet
(2) political parties
(3) judicial review
(4) legislative lobbies
2.) A major objection to many lobbying groups is that they
(1) are illegal under the federal Constitution
(2) have too much influence on government
(3) are free from all government regulations
(4) have been controlled by the media
3.) The unwritten constitution is best defined as the
(1) amendments to the United States Constitution
(2) powers that the Constitution reserves for the states
(3) powers that the Constitution denies to Congress and to the states
(4) practices of the government that are based on custom and tradition
4.) The development of political parties and of the committee system used in Congress
illustrates the application of
(1) constitutional amendments
(2) federal legislation
(3) the unwritten constitution
(4) Supreme Court decisions
5.) Which role of the president is considered part of the unwritten constitution?
(1) nominating federal judges
(2) signing or vetoing legislation
(3) acting as the leader of his political party
(4) serving as commander in chief of the armed forces
6.) Which action is considered part of the unwritten constitution?
(1) ratification of a treaty by the Senate
(2) formation of the first two political parties
(3) creation of a system of federal courts including the Supreme Court
(4) presidential veto of a bill passed by Congress
7.) What were two key precedents established by George Washington during his
presidency?
(1) aid to farmers and the end of the slave trade
(2) universal male suffrage and support for political parties
(3) foreign policy of neutrality and the use of presidential advisors
(4) protective tariffs and foreign alliances during peacetime
Answers for George Washington’s Administration - Unwritten Constitution:
1.) 3 2.) 2 3.) 4 4.) 3 5.) 3 6.) 2 7.) 3
George Washington’s Administration - Early Economic Issues:
1.) A similarity between the Bank of the United States, created in 1791, and the presentday Federal Reserve System is that both were established to
(1) set tariff rates
(2) regulate the money supply
(3) achieve balanced budgets
(4) restrict the gold supply
2.) Alexander Hamilton urged Congress to pass a protective tariff to encourage the
growth of
(1) labor unions
(2) agriculture
(3) manufacturing
(4) slavery
3.) Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan helped to establish the credit of the United States
government by
(1) providing for the payment of the nation’s debts
(2) taxing only the people most able to pay
(3) favoring agriculture over industry
(4) encouraging spending for national defense
4.) Which proposal was included in Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton’s
financial plans in the 1790s?
(1) incentives to encourage agricultural expansion
(2) creation of a national bank
(3) direct taxes on the states to support government operations
(4) free trade with other nations
5.) The National Bank proposed by Alexander Hamilton in 1790 and the Federal Reserve
System established in 1913 are similar in that both
(1) provided low-interest loans to farmers
(2) were declared unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court
(3) had as their primary responsibility the regulation of the stock market
(4) sought to provide a sound currency for the nation
6.) Thomas Jefferson opposed Alexander Hamilton’s plan to create a national bank
primarily because the plan would
(1) weaken the nation’s currency
(2) increase the national debt
(3) promote the interests of farmers
(4) depend on a loose interpretation of the Constitution
7.) One reason James Madison and Thomas Jefferson objected to Alexander Hamilton’s
financial policies was that they believed
(1) the establishment of a national bank was unconstitutional
(2) a laissez-faire policy would not help the country’s economy
(3) the government should encourage industrial development
(4) high tariffs were needed to protect America’s economic interests
8.) One major reason that Alexander Hamilton proposed a national bank was to
(1) improve the economic position of the United States government
(2) help state governments collect taxes
(3) make loans available to owners of small farms
(4) reduce foreign investment in the United States
9.) As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton was most noted for
(1) devising a plan to pay off the nation’s debts
(2) beginning a system to tax exports
(3) arranging necessary loans from European nations
(4) raising revenue from the sale of western lands
10.) Most historians consider Alexander Hamilton to have been a successful Secretary of
the Treasury because he
(1) expanded trade with all nations
(2) established a sound financial plan for the new nation
(3) eliminated tariffs between the states
(4) opposed payment of previous federal government debts
Answers for George Washington’s Administration - Early Economic Issues:
1.) 2 2.) 3 3.) 1 4.) 2 5.) 4 6.) 4 7.) 1 8.) 1 9.) 1 10.) 2
George Washington’s Administration –Foreign Policy & other issues:
1.) How did President George Washington react to the conflict between France and
England in 1793?
(1) He used the opportunity to begin the war for American independence.
(2) He declared the neutrality of the United States.
(3) He aided the French because they had supported the American Revolution.
(4) He negotiated a peace settlement between the warring nations.
2.) Which presidential policy was promoted by the geographic isolation of the United
States from Europe?
(1) George Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality
(2) Thomas Jefferson’s support for low tariffs
(3) Andrew Jackson’s Native American Indian removal efforts
(4) Abraham Lincoln’s opposition to the spread of slavery
3.) In his Farewell Address, President George Washington advised the nation to avoid
permanent alliances because he believed that the United States
(1) would risk its security by involvement in European affairs
(2) had no need for the products or markets of Europe
(3) possessed military power superior to any European nation
(4) needed to limit European immigration
4.) What were two key precedents established by George Washington during his
presidency?
(1) aid to farmers and the end of the slave trade
(2) universal male suffrage and support for political parties
(3) foreign policy of neutrality and the use of presidential advisors
(4) protective tariffs and foreign alliances during peacetime
5.) President George Washington’s Farewell Address influenced future United States
foreign policy by advising the nation’s leaders to
(1) practice neutrality toward international conflicts
(2) place restrictions on the number of immigrants
(3) stop European colonization of the Western Hemisphere
(4) limit imports of manufactured products
6.) President George Washington’s principal reason for issuing the Proclamation of
Neutrality (1793) was to
(1) repay France for help in the Revolutionary War
(2) protect United States interests in the Caribbean area
(3) safeguard the newly won independence
(4) punish the British for failing to withdraw from American territory
7.) “ ’Tis [It is] our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of
the foreign world. . . .”
— President George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
The United States was able to follow this advice from President Washington for several
decades primarily because of
(1) industrial and agricultural self-sufficiency
(2) strong support from other Western Hemisphere nations
(3) geographic isolation from Europe
(4) peaceful relations between the European powers
8.) The foreign policies of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Monroe
were similar in that they each
(1) supported wars against England
(2) failed to acquire new territory
(3) attempted to avoid involvement in European affairs
(4) aided the French in return for their help during the Revolutionary War
9.) One similarity in the foreign policies of Presidents George Washington, Thomas
Jefferson, and James Monroe was that they
(1) favored France over England
(2) promoted colonial expansion
(3) came to the defense of Latin American nations
(4) sought to avoid involvement in European political struggles
10.) President George Washington in his Farewell Address, President James Monroe in
the Monroe Doctrine, and the opponents of the League of Nations all wanted the United
States to
(1) avoid European conflicts
(2) avoid trade with foreign nations
(3) refuse diplomatic recognition of nondemocratic nations
(4) reduce foreign influence by establishing immigration quotas
Answers for George Washington’s Administration –Foreign Policy & other issues:
1) 2 2) 1 3) 1 4) 3 5) 1 6) 3 7) 3 8) 3 9) 4 10) 1
George Washington’s Administration - Political Interpretations and Disagreements:
1.) Conflicts between Jeffersonians and Hamiltonians during President George
Washington’s first administration led directly to the
(1) end of the Era of Good Feelings
(2) decision to replace the Articles of Confederation
(3) addition of the elastic clause to the Constitution
(4) start of the first political parties
2.) One factor that led to the formation of the first two political parties in the United
States in the 1790s was the conflict over the
(1) distribution of power between the federal and state governments
(2) spread of slavery into the western territories
(3) control of interstate commerce
(4) acquisition of lands from France and Spain
Answers for George Washington’s Administration - Political Interpretations and
Disagreements:
1) 4 2)1
Other George Washington Administration and John Adams Administration:
1.) Which action during Washington’s administration led to the Whiskey Rebellion in
western Pennsylvania?
(1) passage of a new exercise tax
(2) establishment of a presidential cabinet
(3) creation of the Bank of the United States
(4) ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory
2.)
• Alien and Sedition Acts
• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
These pieces of legislation reflected the conflict between
(1) Congress and the president
(2) states’ rights and federal supremacy
(3) the military and the civilian government
(4) the United States Supreme Court and state courts
Answers for George Washington Administration and John Adams Administration:
1) 1 2) 2
Thomas Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase:
1.) The Louisiana Purchase had great geographic significance for the United States
because it
(1) reduced British control of North America
(2) focused the United States on westward expansion
(3) extended United States control over Mexico
(4) decreased tensions with Native American Indians
2.) When President Thomas Jefferson acquired the Louisiana Territory from France, he
demonstrated that he had modified his belief that
(1) the Constitution should be strictly interpreted
(2) the federal government should limit individual rights
(3) adding territory would lead to regional rivalries
(4) commercial development was the main goal of the federal government
3.) Which geographic advantage did the United States gain by purchasing the Louisiana
Territory from France in 1803?
(1) warm-water ports on the Atlantic coast
(2) rich fishing areas in the Great Lakes
(3) full control of the Mississippi River
(4) vast coal reserves in the region west of Pennsylvania
4.) Which group benefited most from the United States acquisition of the port of New
Orleans?
(1) farmers in the Ohio River Valley
(2) Native American Indians in the Southwest
(3) fur trappers in the Columbia River Valley
(4) gold miners in northern California
5.) On what grounds would strict constructionists of the United States Constitution have
questioned the purchase of the Louisiana Territory?
(1) It violated the guarantee of states’ rights.
(2) The president was not specifically given the power to purchase new land.
(3) Congress was opposed to expansion west of the Mississippi River.
(4) The Constitution applied only to the original thirteen states.
6.) Acquiring New Orleans as part of the Louisiana Purchase was considered important to
the development of the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys because the city
(1) provided protection from attacks by the Spanish
(2) provided migrant workers for river valley farms
(3) served as a port for American agricultural goods
(4) served as the cultural center for the nation
7.) As a strict constructionist, President Thomas Jefferson questioned the constitutional
right to
(1) receive diplomats from foreign nations
(2) purchase the Louisiana Territory
(3) grant pardons to convicted criminals
(4) veto legislation passed by Congress
8.) In the early 1800’s, the need for a water route to help farmers ship their products to
market was one reason for the
(1) Gadsden Purchase
(2) Louisiana Purchase
(3) Mexican Cession
(4) Missouri Compromise
9) A major foreign policy success of President Thomas Jefferson’s administration was the
(1) purchase of the Louisiana Territory
(2) support for the Alien and Sedition Acts
(3) victory in the war of 1812
(4) passage of the Embargo Act
10.) Which geographic feature was the boundary line between the United States
and French Louisiana in 1803?
(1) Appalachian Mountains
(2) Mississippi River
(3) Great Lakes
(4) Rocky Mountains
11.) If the Great Plains were shown in this map, they would be located mostly in
(1) French Louisiana
(2) the Oregon Country
(3) Spanish Mexico
(4) the original thirteen states
12.) In the 1800s, the Great Plains region of the United States was characterized primarily
by
(1) exceptionally high amounts of annual rainfall
(2) heavily wooded forests covering most of the area
(3) an extensive system of navigable rivers
(4) vast expanses of native grasses
13.) A loose interpretation of the Constitution was applied when
(1) George Washington appointed John Jay to the Supreme Court
(2) John Adams signed the Alien and Sedition Acts
(3) Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory
(4) James Monroe delivered his State of the Union message
14.) The term Manifest Destiny was first used to support
(1) independence from Great Britain
(2) westward expansion to the Pacific Ocean
(3) efforts to stop secession of Southern states
(4) laws restricting labor union activity
Answers for Thomas Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase
1) 2 2) 1 3) 3 4) 1 5) 2 6) 3 7) 2 8) 2 9) 1
13) 3 14) 2
10) 2 11) 1 12) 4
Monroe Doctrine:
1.) A major reason for the issuance of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to
(1) discourage United States trade with Latin America
(2) defend the Panama Canal from Great Britain
(3) prevent further European colonization in the Caribbean region
(4) provide economic aid to Latin American nations
2.) “. . . the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have
assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future
colonization by any European powers. . . .”
— President James Monroe, 1823
Which President later built on the idea expressed in this quotation?
(1) Abraham Lincoln
(2) Harry Truman
(3) Theodore Roosevelt
(4) Richard Nixon
3.) The major purpose of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to
(1) create a military alliance for the defense of North America
(2) guarantee democratic governments in Latin America
(3) secure new colonies in the Caribbean
(4) limit European influence in the Western Hemisphere
4.) Which United States foreign policy action resulted from the close geographic
relationship between the United States and Latin America?
(1) Monroe Doctrine
(2) Marshall Plan
(3) Truman Doctrine
(4) Open Door policy
5.) One similarity in the foreign policies of Presidents George Washington, Thomas
Jefferson, and James Monroe was that they
(1) favored France over England
(2) promoted colonial expansion
(3) came to the defense of Latin American nations
(4) sought to avoid involvement in European political struggles
6.) President George Washington in his Farewell Address, President James Monroe in the
Monroe Doctrine, and the opponents of the League of Nations all wanted the United
States to
(1) avoid European conflicts
(2) avoid trade with foreign nations
(3) refuse diplomatic recognition of nondemocratic nations
(4) reduce foreign influence by establishing immigration quotas
7.) The foreign policies of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Monroe
were similar in that they each
(1) supported wars against England
(2) failed to acquire new territory
(3) attempted to avoid involvement in European affairs
(4) aided the French in return for their help during the Revolutionary War
Monroe Doctrine
1) 3 2) 3 3) 4
4) 1
5) 4
6) 1
7) 3
John Marshall Court:
1.) During John Marshall’s years as Chief Justice (1801–1835), the Supreme Court
increased its powers by
(1) limiting the spread of slavery in the West
(2) expanding the federal supremacy clause of the Constitution
(3) joining the president in disputes with Congress
(4) staying out of disputes between the two political parties
2.) What was the result of many of the Supreme Court decisions made under Chief
Justice John Marshall between 1801 and 1835?
(1) The system of slavery was weakened.
(2) The federal government was strengthened.
(3) The rights of workers were supported.
(4) Antitrust laws were upheld.
3.) The decision of the United States Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison (1803)
established the power of the
(1) House of Representatives to impeach the president
(2) Congress to override a presidential veto
(3) president to veto congressional legislation
(4) Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws
4.) “It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the
law is. . . .”
— Marbury v. Madison, 1803
This statement expresses the Supreme Court’s claim that
(1) courts must abide by a strict interpretation of the Constitution
(2) federal laws must be approved by the courts before they can take effect
(3) the judicial branch must have a role in the amendment process
(4) the power of judicial review belongs to the courts
5.) How did Supreme Court decisions under Chief Justice John Marshall affect
government in the United States?
(1) Federal power increased at the expense of the states.
(2) Strict limits were placed on congressional use of the elastic clause.
(3) The impeachment of federal judges was declared unconstitutional.
(4) State powers under the 10th Amendment were expanded.
6.) In the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court increased its power by
(1) establishing the practice of judicial review
(2) upholding the presidential appointment power
(3) expanding the meaning of individual liberties
(4) declaring the principle of states’ rights unconstitutional
7.) The decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) expanded the power of the Supreme
Court by
(1) restricting the use of the elastic clause
(2) establishing the power of judicial review
(3) upholding the constitutionality of the National Bank
(4) interpreting the interstate commerce clause
8.) The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) was important because it
(1) established the principle of judicial review
(2) led to the reelection of President Thomas Jefferson
(3) showed that the states were stronger than the federal government
(4) proved that the legislative branch was the most powerful branch of
government
9.) Which Supreme Court case is correctly paired with the constitutional issue it
addressed?
(1) Gibbons v. Ogden — interstate commerce
(2) Dred Scott v. Sanford — executive privilege
(3) Gideon v. Wainwright — voting rights
(4) Roe v. Wade — rights of the accused
Answers for John Marshall Court:
1) 2 2) 2 3) 4 4) 4 5) 1 6) 1
7) 2
8) 1
9) 1