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Name: Date: STUDY GUIDE Chapter 19: Blood Chemistry and Immunology Mrs. Dasalla 1. What type of specimen is required for most blood chemistry tests? Serum 2. The purpose of quality control is to Ensure accurate and valid test results 3. The use of a standard to detect errors caused by laboratory equipment that is not working properly is known as Calibration 4. The function of glucose in the body is to Provide energy for the body 5. What is the term for glucose that is stored in muscle and liver tissue for later use? Glycogen 6. What hormone is required for the normal use of glucose in the body? Insulin 7. The following instructions should be relayed to the patient regarding a fasting blood glucose test? Do not consume food or fluid (except water) for 12 hours before the test. 8. According to the American Diabetes Association, what is the normal range for a fasting blood glucose level (in mg/dL)? 70 to 99 9. The following is true regarding a 2-hour postprandial glucose test? A blood specimen is collected 2 hours after the patient consumes 100 g of glucose. 10. The following is a function of an oral glucose tolerance test: to monitor insulin dosage. 11. All of the following are restrictions that must be followed by the patient during an oral glucose tolerance test: No food consumption, Minimize activity, No smoking. 12. The following are serious side effects of an oral glucose tolerance test? Headache Irrational speech Fainting Profuse perspiration 13. What term is used to describe an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood? Hypoglycemia 14. What is the purpose of SMBG testing? To maintain good blood glucose control To delay or prevent long-term complications of diabetes To test blood glucose when a side effect common to diabetes occurs To make decisions regarding insulin dosage, meal planning, and physical activity 15. Prolonged high blood glucose levels can cause the following conditions: Blindness, Kidney disease, Circulatory problems. Blindness Alzheimer’s disease Kidney disease Circulatory problems 1 Name: Date: 16. Before meals, it is recommended that the blood glucose level for a diabetic patient fall between 80 to 120 mg/dL. 17. The hemoglobin A1c test measures the Average amount of glucose in the blood over a 3-month period 18. The recommended A1c level for an individual with diabetes is Less than 7%. 19. The following are handling and storage requirements for blood glucose reagent test strips: Store in a cool, dry area. Store at room temperature. Store with the cap tightly closed. 20. Control testing should be performed on a glucose meter during all of the following situations: Daily before using the meter for the first time When a new container of strips is opened or if the glucose meter is dropped 21. The following are characteristics of cholesterol? White, waxy substance Component of all cell membranes Used in the production of hormones Used in the production of bile 22. Most of the cholesterol found in the blood comes from the liver 23. The buildup of fatty deposits on the walls of arteries is known as: atherosclerosis. 24. The primary use of the cholesterol test is to screen for the presence of coronary artery disease 25. All of the following contain cholesterol: Whole milk Liver Egg yolk 26. Cholesterol is transported in the blood as a complex molecule known as a lipoprotein. 27. The function of LDL is to carry cholesterol to the cells. 28. The following is considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease: HDL cholesterol level of 25 mg/dL. 29. A total cholesterol reading of 250 is considered high. 30. Patient preparation instructions for a triglyceride test include which of the following? Do not eat or drink (except for water) for 12 hours before the test. 31. All of the following may result in elevated blood triglyceride levels: Obesity Type 2 diabetes Smoking 32. The BUN test is used to: detect kidney disease 2 Name: Date: 33. What is the term for a substance that is capable of combining with an antigen? Antibody. 34. The following is a screening test for syphilis? VDRL. 35. The following tests are used to detect a blood incompatibility problem with a mother and her unborn child? Rh antibody titer 36. What is the name of the microorganism that causes infectious mononucleosis? EpsteinBarr 37. Infectious mononucleosis is transmitted through saliva by direct oral contact. 38. All of the following are symptoms of infectious mononucleosis: Severe fatigue Fever Sore throat Swollen lymph nodes 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46 . Where are the blood antigens (A, B, Rh) located? On the surface of red blood cells. Where are the blood antibodies located? In the plasma. Why is agglutination of blood a threat to life? The clumped red blood cells hemolyze. In vivo means in the living body. What blood antigens are present if an individual has type O-positive blood? Rh What blood antibodies are present if an individual has type B-negative blood? A What blood antibodies are present if an individual has type AB-negative blood? None. What is the term for a substance that is being identified or measured in a laboratory test? Analyte. 47. What results are produced by a high-level control? Results that fall above the reference range for that test. 48. The following may cause a control to fail to produce expected results? Outdated testing reagents Error in technique Improper storage of testing components 49. What should be done if a control does not perform as expected? Do not perform the patient testing until the problem is resolved. 50. What is the term for a substance that is being identified or measured in a laboratory test? Analyte 3