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THE PLANT CELL 1. The protoplasm of a single cell is called the protoplast. Outline and briefly define the main parts of the protoplast. Including this information, further describe a typical plant cell. 2. Label: 3. Outline the process of mitosis 4. What changes occur in the following metabolic processes of plants: a. Photosynthesis b. Respiration c. Assimilation d. Digestion 5. What is the importance of chromatin? 6. What are chromosomes? THE PLANT CELL 1. The protoplasm of a single cell is called the protoplast. Outline and briefly define the main parts of the protoplast. Including this information, further describe a typical plant cell. Protoplasm is that viscous liquid found inside the cells which is the actual matter of cells. In the protoplasm, the suspending medium is water, and the suspended particles are usually proteins or fatty materials. These are held in suspension by a charged coating of water molecules. A typical plant cell consists of a nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm (protoplast), vacuole, chloroplasts, plasma membrane, mitochondria (tonoplast, plasmolema, golgi bodies, etc.) 2. Label: Vacuole, tonoplast, cell wall nucleus, nucleolus, chloroplast, cytoplasm 3. Outline the process of mitosis Answer should include either explanation or drawing of the following (to include nucleus and chromosomes, centromere, etc.): Interphase, Early Prophase, Late Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and resulting Daughter Cells. 4. What changes occur in the following metabolic processes of plants: a. Photosynthesis – During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into useful chemical energy. Radiant energy is trapped by the pigments of green plants and used to reduce atmospheric CO2 to sugars, which can be oxidized, releasing energy in a useful form for growth development and maintenance of ling plant tissue. b. Respiration – The oxidation of organic compounds with concomitant consumption of oxygen. During respiration, essentially what occurs is that acetate in mitochondia is oxidized, releasing CO2, water and energy to the plant. c. Assimilation – Non-living material is converted into living substance. d. Digestion – The process whereby water-insoluble, non-diffusible foods are converted into water-soluble diffusible foods. (Also, complex foods are converted into simpler ones). 5. What is the importance of chromatin? The complex of DNA and nucleoproteins (histones) are called chromatin, the structural component of chromosomes. Therefore, chromatin is important in that it IS the structural component of chromosomes and contains the genetic code of the plant. 6. What are chromosomes? A chromosome is one of the bodies in the cell nucleus along which genes are located, visualized as threads or rods of chromatin which appear in a contracted form during mitosis and meiosis.