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SOLAP Review # 4 VUS.6a,b Unit 4: The Rise of Democracy: 1825 – 1850 SOL: VUS.6a,b SOL railroads /canals Eli Whitney cotton gin “cotton kingdom” Texan revolution The Alamo annexation of Texas Mexican War Mexican Cession Manifest Destiny Trail of Tears aristocracy/aristocrat spoils system veto Panic of 1837 property qualifications nominating conventions William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton Seneca Falls Declaration Key Names and Terms AP Seneca Falls Convention Trail of Tears Dorothea Dix Nullification John C. Calhoun Oregon Territory spoils system/rotation in office Bank war Wilmot Proviso Mexican Cession Gadsden Purchase John Deere Cyrus McCormick American Anti-slavery Society Maine Laws Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Irish immigration Mexican American War abolitionists free soilers Know Nothing/American Party Second Great Awakening Mormons Horace Mann Worcester v Georgia Commonwealth v Hunt Transcendentalism cult of domesticity/true womanhood Manifest Destiny Webster-Ashburton Treaty Clayton-Bulwer Treaty Whigs/2nd American Party Sys. DeTocqueville/Democracy in America Tariff of Abominations James K. Polk Force Act removal of deposits Lucretia Mott Brigham Young Neal Dow Independent Treasury Specie Circular National Banking Act compact theory perpetual union nature of the union Page 1 of 4 SOLAP Review # 4 VUS.6a,b AP Outline 6. Transformation of the Economy and Society in Antebellum America The transportation revolution and creation of a national market economy Beginnings of industrialization and changes in social and class structures Immigration and nativist reaction Planters, yeoman farmers, and slaves in the cotton South 7. The Transformation of Politics in Antebellum America Emergence of the second party system Federal authority and its opponents: judicial federalism, the Bank War, tariff controversy, and states’ rights debate Jacksonian democracy and its successes and limitations 8. Religion, Reform and Renaissance in Antebellum America Evangelical Protestant revivalism Social reforms Ideals of domesticity Transcendentalism and utopian communities American Renaissance: literary and artistic expressions 9. Territorial Expansion and Manifest Destiny Forced removal of American Indians to the trans-Mississippi West Western migration and cultural interactions Territorial acquisitions Early US imperialism: The Mexican War SOL Essential Knowledge The westward movement and economic development American settlers poured westward from the coastal states into the Midwest, Southwest, and Texas, seeking economic opportunity in the form of land to own and farm. The growth of railroads and canals helped the growth of an industrial economy and supported the westward movement of settlers. Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin led to the spread of the slavery-based “cotton kingdom” in the Deep South. American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against Mexican rule and a famous battle at the Alamo, in which a band of Texans fought to the last man against a vastly superior force. The Texans’ eventual victory over Mexican forces subsequently brought Texas into the Union. The American victory in the Mexican War during the 1840s led to the acquisition of an enormous territory that included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico. Impact on the American Indians (First Americans) The belief that it was America’s “Manifest Destiny” to stretch from Atlantic to Pacific provided political support for territorial expansion. During this period of westward migration, the American Indians were repeatedly defeated in violent conflicts with settlers and soldiers and forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands. They were either forced to march far away from their homes (the “Trail of Page 2 of 4 SOLAP Review # 4 VUS.6a,b Tears,” when several tribes were relocated from Atlantic Coast states to Oklahoma) or confined to reservations. The forcible removal of the American Indians from their lands would continue throughout the remainder of the 19th century as settlers continued to move west following the Civil War. Terms to know Aristocracy: A government in which power is given to those believed to be best qualified Aristocrat: A member of an aristocracy Presidential veto: Power granted to the President to prevent passage of legislation “Spoils System”: A practice of using public offices to benefit members of the victorious party Panic of 1837: The economic situation that resulted from reckless speculation that led to bank failures and dissatisfaction with the use of state banks as depositories for public funds Expansion of democracy The number of eligible voters increased as previous property qualifications were eliminated. Prior to the election of 1828, the majority of the American people had been satisfied to have “aristocrats” select their President. By 1828, Americans began to see Americans as equals and were more eager to participate in the electoral process. Delegates from states chose candidates for President at nominating conventions. Once elected, President Andrew Jackson employed the spoils system (rewarding supporters with government jobs). Bank of the United States Distrusting the bank as an undemocratic tool of the Eastern elite, Jackson vetoed the rechartering of the bank in 1832. Jackson’s bank veto became the central issue in the election of 1832, as Henry Clay, the National Republican candidate, supported the bank. Jackson’s re-election brought an end to the bank, as Jackson withdrew government money and deposited it in state banks. His actions caused a major economic depression, resulting in the Panic of 1837. The Abolitionist Movement The abolitionist movement grew in the North, led by William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator, an antislavery newspaper, and many New England religious leaders, who saw slavery as a violation of Christian principles. Harriet Beecher Stowe, wife of a New England clergyman, wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a bestselling novel that inflamed Northern abolitionist sentiment. Southerners were frightened by the growing strength of Northern abolitionism The women’s suffrage movement At the same time the abolitionist movement grew, another reform movement took root, to give equal rights to women. Seneca Falls Declaration Roles of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, who became involved in women’s suffrage before the Civil War, but continued with the movement after the war Page 3 of 4 SOLAP Review # 4 VUS.6a,b Generating Specific Factual Information Directions: Your group should generate as much specific factual information as possible that would offer major support for each of the following statements. All members of your group MUST know what each bit of SFI. If they don’t, it is the group’s responsibility to teach them. Government land policy, economic opportunity, and improved transportation encouraged westward movement. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Economic development, political changes and reform movements all contributed to the characterization of the Jacksonian Period (1824-1848) as the era of the “common man.” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Between 1800 and 1850, territorial expansion had a negative impact on national unity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Between 1800 and 1850, territorial expansion had a positive impact on national unity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. PRACTICE MULTIPLE CHOICE Go to http://www.historyteacher.net/USQuizMainPage.htm and complete the practice questions for “The Age of Jackson,” “Reform Movements”, “Westward Expansion & Manifest Destiny” and “American Society: 1800 – 1860” Page 4 of 4