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AP Biology – Chapter 12 – The Cell Cycle – Pages 218 – 233
1. Name and explain three important roles cell division plays in the life of an organism.
2. What is the cell cycle?
3. What is the crucial function of cell division?
4. What is a genome?
5. Compare and contrast somatic cells and gametes (include the number of chromosomes contained in
each type of cell).
6. How do chromosomes differ from chromatin?
7. Label the diagram using the following terms: chromosome, chromatid, and centromere. Define each
term.
8. Define the following terms:
a. Mitosis
b. Cytokinesis
c. Meiosis
d. Fertilization
9. Label the diagram of the cell cycle. Explain what occurs in each phase and subphase.
10. Define the following terms and label the diagram below.
a. Mitotic spindle
b. Centrosome
c. Aster
d. Kinetochore
11. The Mitotic Division of an Animal Cell
Label each phase of mitosis and explain what is occurring in each phase.
12. How does cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells? Include structures involved in the formation of
each.
13. Label the diagram below to show how prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.
14. Why do human skin cells divide throughout life, but muscle cells do not divide at all in a mature human?
15. What is the cell cycle control system?
16. Why is the G1 checkpoint considered to be the most important?
17. Explain how kinases and cyclins are involved in the molecular control of the cell cycle. Use the
diagram below to aid your explanation.
18. How do growth factors influence cell division?
19. What is density-dependent inhibition?
20. Explain three ways that cancer cells differ from normal cells.
21. Distinguish between a benign and malignant tumor.
22. How are the cells of malignant tumors abnormal besides their excessive proliferation?
23. What is metastasis?
24. How does high-energy radiation work to kill cancer cells?
25. How does chemotherapy work to kill cancer cells? Why does a patient on chemotherapy often have
adverse side effects?