Download 8th Grade Biographical Glosary

8th Grade Document Glossary
Document
Who created the document? Why? What effect did it have? List any
people from the biographical glossary associated with the document
under the document’s name.
Colonial Era (chapter 2-5)
Mayflower Compact
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut
An agreement established by men on the Mayflower that called for
laws for the good of the colony & established the principle of selfgovernment
Set of laws established in Conn. In 1639 that expanded the idea of
representative government.
Magna Carta
English document from 1215 that guaranteed basic political rights.
English Bill of Rights
Agreement signed by William & Mary to respect the rights of
English citizens & Parliament, including the right to free elections.
Proclamation of 1763
British order that prohibited colonists from moving west of the
Appalachian Mountains.
Stamp Act
A 1765 law passed by Parliament that required all legal &
commercial documents to carry a stamp showing a tax had been
paid.
A series of laws enacted by Parliament to punish Mass. Colonists
for the Boston Tea Party.
Revolution (chapter 6 & 7)
Intolerable Acts
Declaration of
Independence
A 1776 document in which the colonies declared their
independence from Great Britain. It listed their grievances against
King George.
Common Sense
A pamphlet published by Thomas Paine that supported the
American Revolution.
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Treaty that ended the American Revolution, confirming
independence for the U.S. & setting boundaries of the new nation.
Creating a Government and putting it in Place (chapter 8, government, & 9)
Articles of
Confederation
Northwest Ordinance
A document adopted by Continental Congress in 1777 7 approved
by the states in 1781 that outlined the form of government for the
new U.S.
Described how the NW Territory was to be governed and set
conditions for settlement & settlers’ rights.
Constitution
Document that outlines how the U.S. government works.
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution that list citizens’
rights and freedoms.
Federalist Papers
A series of essays defending and explaining the Constitution.
Anti-Federalist writings
Writings that were against the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
Washington’s Farewell
Address
President Washington’s final address as he left the presidency in
which he warned against creating political parties & the danger of
U.S. forming permanent alliances with foreign nations.
The Nation Expands and Experiences Growing Pains (chapter 10-14)
Marbury v. Madison
Case in 1803 that determined the Supreme Court had the power to
abolish laws by declaring them unconstitutional.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court case that upheld federal authority by ruling a state
could not tax a national bank.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Supreme Court case that determined that the federal government
regulates interstate commerce, not the states.
Monroe Doctrine
U.S. policy announced by President Monroe that European
colonization in the Western Hemisphere would not be accepted.
Missouri Compromise
A series of laws that maintained the balance of power between slave
states and free states.
Indian Removal Act
1830 act that called for the government to negotiate treaties that
would require Native Americans to relocate West.
Worcester v. Georgia
Supreme Court case in which the Cherokees appealed to keep their
land from being seized by the state of Georgia. The Court, led by
John Marshal, l ruled in their favor, saying only the federal gov.
could make laws governing the Cherokees. Both Georgia & Pres.
Andrew Jackson ignored the ruling.
The right of a state to reject a federal law that it considers
unconstitutional.
Doctrine of Nullification
Declaration of
Sentiments
Document presented at Seneca Falls Convention that stated “All
men and women are created equal” and listed several complaints
and a demand for rights.
Civil Disobedience
Peacefully refusing to obey laws one considers unjust.
Civil War and Reconstruction (chapter 15- 18)
Compromise of 1850
A series of laws by Congress intended to settle the major
disagreements between free and slave states.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
An 1856 Supreme Court case in which a slave, Dred Scott, sued for
his freedom because he had been taken to live in freed territories
where slavery was illegal; he lost the case.
Lincoln argued for the North and South to preserve the union. He
assured the South he had no intention of abolishing slavery there,
but spoke against secession.
Encouraged remaining Southern states to secede from the Union,
and that secession was a necessity, not a choice.
Patriotic song written during the Civil War by Julia Ward Howe, a
strong anti-slavery advocate.
An executive order issued by President Lincoln Jan. 1, 1863 that
freed the slaves in all states in rebellion against the union.
Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural
Address
Davis’s 1st Inaugural
Address
Battle Hymn of the
Republic
Emancipation
Proclamation
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural
Address
13th Amendment
Given by Lincoln at dedication of a cemetery in Gettysburg for
3,500 soldiers buried there. He declared the nation was founded on
the idea of all men are created equal and vowed to continue to fight
for democracy.
Given just before the end of the Civil War, Lincoln recalled the
major cause of the war, and urged citizens to care for one another
and work for a just and lasting peace.
Constitutional Amendment that banned slavery & involuntary
servitude in the U.S.
14th Amendment
Constitutional Amendment that made all persons born or
naturalized in the U.S., including former slaves, citizens.
15th Amendment
Constitutional Amendment that stated citizens could not be stopped
from voting based on race, color, or previous conditions of
servitude.
Offered 160 acres of land free to anyone who agreed to live on and
improve the land for five years.
Homestead Act
Dawes Act
Law enacted in 1887, that distributed reservation land to individual
owners.
Morrill Act
Signed into law by Abraham Lincoln in 1862, this act set aside
federal land to be used for the creation of agricultural colleges.